The public health perspective of social and preventive medicine

Summary The author discusses two presentations illustrating how, with suitable study designs, useful insights for understanding social gradients in health and for developing preventive strategies can be gained.

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Zusammenfassung Der Autor diskutiert zwei Präsentationen, in denen gezeigt wird, wie mit Hilfe geeigneter Studienanlagen soziale Unterschiede im Gesundheitszustand besser verstanden und präventive Strategien entwickelt werden können.

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Résumé L'auteur discute deux présentations qui montrent comment, à l'aide de dispositions appropriées de recherche, il est possible de mieux comprendre les différences sociales en morbidité et de développer des stratégies préventives.

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Paper presented at a symposium on The Public Health Perspective of Social and Preventive Medicine, in celebration of the 20th anniversary of the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Berne, 25 June 1992 in Berne.     

公共卫生与预防医学专业教育教学改革的思考

在简要回顾中国医学院校公共卫生与预防医学专业本科教育发展历程的基础上,指出存在的主要问题,提出预防医学专业本科教育必须深入社会、人群,密切结合实际,着力围绕社会公众健康,发现问题、研究问题和解决问题,拟订教育计划、教学大纲、设置课程、编写教材、建设教学基地。     

Environmental medicine in public health service--a social responsibility and its consequences

The special committee for "Environmental Medicine" established by the Federal Association of Doctors in the German Public Health Service presents its paper entitled "Environmental Medicine in the Public Health Service--A Social Responsibility and its Consequences: Propositions with regard to the situation, aims, strategies, and opportunities for action". The paper includes core ideas and responsibilities in the public health service. It aims at providing a number of guidelines for implementing "Environment and Health" ("Umwelt und Gesundheit"), an action programme by the Federal Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Health, as well as "Health 21" ("Gesundheit 21"), the framework concept "Health for all" for the WHO's European Region. The paper also aims at initiating and facilitating steps for joint action by the Public Health Service. These theses were passed on to Mrs. Andrea Fischer, the Federal Minister of Health, during a meeting with the Board of the Association. In Germany, environment-related public health protection is well established in the Public Health Departments and state institutes/departments within the scope of public health provision and disease prevention. Typical responsibilities include environmental hygiene and environment-related medical services which have increased in importance. The range of responsibilities and its current political importance are a result of environment-related public health risks, the social situation of the population, also with regard to health issues, and the scope of responsibilities and competencies by doctors and staff in the public health departments. With the people's demands for health, quality of life and life expectancy, this need for action increases. In this paper, judicial, professional, and personal consequence are presented which arise as public health authorities assume these responsibilities.     

Interactive health communication in preventive medicine: internet-based strategies in teaching and research

Interactive health communication using Internet technologies is expanding the range and flexibility of intervention and teaching options available in preventive medicine and the health sciences. Advantages of interactive health communication include the enhanced convenience, novelty, and appeal of computer-mediated communication; its flexibility and interactivity; and automated processing. We outline some of these fundamental aspects of computer-mediated communication as it applies to preventive medicine. Further, a number of key pathways of information technology evolution are creating new opportunities for the delivery of professional education in preventive medicine and other health domains, as well as for delivering automated, self-instructional health behavior-change programs through the Internet. We briefly describe several of these key evolutionary pathways. We describe some examples from work we have done in Australia. These demonstrate how we have creatively responded to the challenges of these new "information environments," and how they may be pursued in the education of preventive medicine and other health care practitioners and in the development and delivery of health behavior-change programs through the Internet. Innovative and thoughtful applications of this new technology can increase the consistency, reliability, and quality of information delivered.     

公共卫生与预防医学类期刊热点和前沿研究

目的 通过Citespace软件分析国内公共卫生与预防医学类期刊的研究热点、前沿与知识基础研究,洞悉国内预防医学领域研究动向。方法 运用Citespace对从CNKI、万方、维普等数据库中收集的近五年（2013 - 2017年）中文核心期刊中预防医学、卫生学类核心期刊所载文献进行分析。按照中国学术期刊影响因子年报中公共卫生与预防医学领域期刊分类方式,将上述中文核心期刊分为两类,即医药卫生事业管理和预防医学与卫生学。结果 医药卫生事业管理类近五年的研究热点及前沿主要集中在基层医疗机构、医疗保险、医疗相关政策中,且研究更注重卫生服务效果和评价等方面。预防医学与卫生学类近五年的研究热点及前沿主要集中在医院感染、影响因素、艾滋病等各类传染病的流行病学特征及耐药性方面。结论 在公共卫生与预防医学领域中文核心期刊中,预防医学与卫生学类更注重艾滋病、医院感染等方面,医药卫生事业类主要集中在公立医院及满意度方面。     

新形势下公共卫生与预防医学发展的新机遇

在"健康中国2030"的国家战略下,公共卫生与预防医学学科发展面临新的形势：（1）以组学为代表的新技术不断被应用于疾病防控与健康促进的工作中;（2）计算机技术和医学信息技术正推动本学科在大数据时代的发展与变革;（3）在全国不同区域,围绕不同疾病,启动了大型人群队列建设,为本学科的发展提供了宝贵的契机。本学科应重点围绕组学技术与队列人群、大数据与疾病防控、自然和社会新态势与全民健康等方面,培养复合型研究人才与研究团队,拓展学科研究领域和覆盖面,为推进健康中国建设构建强大保障。