右美托咪定复合丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼靶控全身麻醉在腹腔镜全子宫切除术中的应用

目的观察右美托咪定复合丙泊酚瑞芬太尼靶控全身麻醉在腹腔镜全子宫切除术中的应用对血流动力学及围术期不良反应的影响。方法将60例行腹腔镜下全子宫切除术的患者(年龄30~60岁,ASA分级Ⅰ—Ⅱ级,无心血管病史)按麻醉用药的不同分为D组和C组,每组30例。D组在麻醉诱导前15min泵注盐酸右美托咪定注射液0.5μg·kg-1,并持续泵注盐酸右美托咪定注射液0.2μg·kg-1·h-1至手术结束前40min停药;C组泵注等容量的0.9%氯化钠注射液。观察2组用药前(T0),给药15min后(T1),插管时(T2)、气腹完成时(T3),拔管时(T4)和拔管后30min(T5)的血流动力学指标[心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)],手术时间、脑电双频指数(BIS)值,丙泊酚注射液、枸橼酸芬太尼注射液、盐酸右美托咪定注射液的使用量,围术期不良反应[HR减慢<50次·min-1,拔管呛咳、术后恶心呕吐、寒颤,苏醒延迟(>30min)]发生率。术后30min对2组进行视觉模拟评分法(VAS法)评分。结果与C组比较,D组丙泊酚注射液、枸橼酸芬太尼注射液使用量均明显减少,HR减慢<50次·min-1发生率则明显升高,T1—T5时点SBP、DBP、HR和拔管呛咳、术后恶心呕吐、寒颤发生率及术后30min VAS得分均明显降低(均P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定复合丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼联合靶控输注用于妇科腹腔镜下全子宫切除术可减少患者术中的应激反应,维持患者的循环稳定,减少麻醉药物使用量,降低围术期不良反应发生率。     

右美托咪啶对宫外孕腹腔镜术后寒战的影响

目的: 评价右美托咪啶(dexmedetomidine,DEX)对腹腔镜宫外孕术后寒战的影响。方法： 全麻下行腹腔镜宫外孕手术患者120例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,将患者随机分为4组(n＝30)：生理盐水对照组、右美托咪啶组、输血对照组（输血组）和输血右美托咪啶组（输血DEX组）。4组的麻醉诱导及维持方法相同,术中维持BIS值40～55。右美托咪啶组开放静脉后静脉输注右美托咪啶0.5 μg·(kg·h)^－1至手术结束前0.5 h;生理盐水组静脉输注等容量生理盐水;输血DEX组（术中出血大于800 mL酌情输注血液）开放静脉后静脉输注右美托咪啶0.5 μg·(kg·h)^-1至手术结束前0.5 h;输血组（术中出血大于800 mL酌情输注血液）静脉输注等容量生理盐水;记录术后1 h内寒战发生情况。结果：生理盐水组、右美托咪啶组、输血组、输血DEX组寒战发生率分别为50％(15例)、10％（3例）、57％（17例）和20％（6例）。与生理盐水组比较,右美托咪啶组寒战发生率降低,寒战程度减轻(P＜0.05);与输血组比较,输血DEX组寒战发生率降低,寒战程度减轻(P＜0.05)。结论： 右美托咪啶辅助麻醉可降低宫外孕患者麻醉后寒战的发生概率。     

右美托咪定联合丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼TCI用于鼻窦手术麻醉效果观察

目的探究右美托咪定联合丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼TCI在鼻窦手术中应用的效果。方法在盐城市第一人民医院2016-01—2016-12间收治的行鼻窦手术患者中选出80例随机分成对照组和观察组,两组患者均采用丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼靶控输注麻醉,对照组患者在麻醉前输注生理盐水,观察组在麻醉前输注右美托咪定,对比两组患者的血流动力学变化、不良反应发生率、睁眼时间等。结果两组患者在插管后5 min的心率、平均动脉压明显回升,观察组患者的波动较小,对照组患者波动较大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者术后不良反应发生率5.0%低于对照组的20.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后睁眼时间两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在鼻窦手术中应用右美托咪定联合丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼TCI有助于稳定患者的血流动力学,减少术后不良反应的发生,且不会引起苏醒延迟,值得推广应用。     

右美托咪定对宫颈锥切术麻醉的影响

目的:评价右美托咪定对宫颈锥切术麻醉效果的影响。方法:择期手术患者60例,随机分为2组(n=30):对照组(C组)和右美托咪定组(D组)。D组静脉输注右美托咪定1.0μg/kg(200μg加0.9%氯化钠溶液至50 mL,4μg/mL)。C组输注同等剂量0.9%氯化钠溶液。两组均给予芬太尼1μg/kg,丙泊酚1.5 mg/kg麻醉,待睫毛反射消失后行手术。记录患者入室时(T0)、右美托咪定输注5 min(T1)、手术开始时(T2)、手术结束时(T3)、自主睁眼时(T4)、自主睁眼后10 min(T5)HR、SBP、DBP、SpO2;手术时间;丙泊酚使用量;术后自主睁眼时间;自主睁眼后10 min Ramsay评分和手术部位疼痛情况;每组使用麻黄碱及阿托品的例数和总量;麻醉满意度评分。结果:D组丙泊酚用量、自主睁眼时间、伤口疼痛评分小于C组;阿托品使用例数和总量、Ramsay评分、麻醉满意度评价大于C组(P<0.05)。D组除在T1时HR、SBP低于C组(P<0.05)外,其余各时刻两组HR、SBP、DBP、SpO2差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:右美托咪定用于LEEP时可减少丙泊酚用量、缩短术后苏醒时间、减轻患者创面疼痛程度,但应注意其对心率的影响。     

盐酸右美托咪定在全身麻醉患者围拔管期的临床疗效

目的：观察盐酸右美托咪定用于全身麻醉患者围拔管期时临床效果和安全性。方法：选择全身麻醉术后 患者90例,随即分成3组(n=30)：盐酸右美托咪定组(DEX组)、盐酸咪达唑仑组(MID组)、对照组(C组)。术前10 min停 用所有麻醉药,同时DEX组首先给予负荷剂量盐酸右美托咪定1 μg/(kg.h),静脉泵入10 min,继以0.3 μg/(kg.h)的速度 持续泵入至术后20 min;MID组首先60 s内静脉给予盐酸咪达唑仑0.5 mg/kg,继以0.04 mg/(kg.h)的速度持续泵入至术 后20 min;C组无干预措施。记录术后唤醒时间、拔管时间以及拔管时、拔管后10 min、拔管后1 h患者Ramsay评分、 平均动脉压、心率、血氧饱和度及自主呼吸的情况;观察患者术后寒战、恶心、呕吐及不良反应情况。结果：DEX 组不影响唤醒及拔管,MID组有苏醒延迟(P<0.05);与C组相比,DEX组与MID组均可获得良好镇静,Ramsay评分控 制在2~4分;DEX组与MID组的心率、血压平稳,而MID组对呼吸有明显抑制(P<0.05);DEX组明显减少术后寒战、恶 心、呕吐的发生。结论：盐酸右美托咪定应用于全身麻醉围拔管期,不影响唤醒及拔管时间,能够抑制异常的血压 升高及心率增快,而且减少躁动、寒战、术后恶心呕吐的发生,从而改善麻醉后的复苏。     

右旋美托咪定对丙泊酚抑制气管插管交感反应EC50的影响

目的探讨不同剂量右旋美托咪啶对丙泊酚TCI（靶控输注）时抑制病人气管插管交感反应的半数有效浓度（EC50）。方法选择择期全麻病人（ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级）57例,随机分为高剂量组（1.0μg/kg右旋美托咪啶）、低剂量组（0.5μg/kg右旋美托咪啶）和芬太尼组（2μg/kg）3组。恒速15 min微泵输注完,同时丙泊酚血浆靶控输注开启,15 min即进行气管插管,插管前3 min给予顺阿曲库铵0.2 mg/kg。按序贯法测定丙泊酚TCI的EC50值。结果高剂量组、低剂量组和芬太尼组纳入计算结果的病人数分别为19例、20例和18例。3组麻醉诱导插管前镇静深度（BIS）均达到麻醉深度。3组麻醉诱导过程的血流动力学变化均在正常范围。各组丙泊酚TCI抑制气管插管交感反应的EC50值高剂量组为3.92μg/mL,低剂量组为4.75μg/kg,芬太尼组为4.17μg/mL。3组EC50比较高剂量组低于芬太尼组（P〉0.05）,高剂量组低于低剂量组（P〈0.05）,芬太尼组低于低剂量组（P〈0.05）。结论 1.0μg/kg右旋美托咪啶比0.5μg/kg右旋美托咪啶更有效地抑制了丙泊酚TCI时气管插管交感反应。1.0μg/kg右旋美托咪啶与2μg/kg芬太尼对丙泊酚TCI抑制气管插管交感反应的效果相当。     

右旋美托咪定对丙泊酚抑制气管插管交感反应EC_(50)的影响

目的探讨不同剂量右旋美托咪啶对丙泊酚TCI(靶控输注)时抑制病人气管插管交感反应的半数有效浓度(EC50)。方法选择择期全麻病人(ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级)57例,随机分为高剂量组(1.0μg/kg右旋美托咪啶)、低剂量组(0.5μg/kg右旋美托咪啶)和芬太尼组(2μg/kg)3组。恒速15 min微泵输注完,同时丙泊酚血浆靶控输注开启,15 min即进行气管插管,插管前3 min给予顺阿曲库铵0.2 mg/kg。按序贯法测定丙泊酚TCI的EC50值。结果高剂量组、低剂量组和芬太尼组纳入计算结果的病人数分别为19例、20例和18例。3组麻醉诱导插管前镇静深度(BIS)均达到麻醉深度。3组麻醉诱导过程的血流动力学变化均在正常范围。各组丙泊酚TCI抑制气管插管交感反应的EC50值高剂量组为3.92μg/mL,低剂量组为4.75μg/kg,芬太尼组为4.17μg/mL。3组EC50比较高剂量组低于芬太尼组(P>0.05),高剂量组低于低剂量组(P<0.05),芬太尼组低于低剂量组(P<0.05)。结论 1.0μg/kg右旋美托咪啶比0.5μg/kg右旋美托咪啶更有效地抑制了丙泊酚TCI时气管插管交感反应。1.0μg/kg右旋美托咪啶与2μg/kg芬太尼对丙泊酚TCI抑制气管插管交感反应的效果相当。     

右旋美托咪定联合纤维支气管镜在巨大甲状腺肿所致困难气道气管插管中的应用

目的：探讨在巨大甲状腺肿所致的困难气道中应用右旋美托咪定联合纤维支气管镜进行气管插管的有效性。方法：选择巨大甲状腺肿致气管受压移位或变形患者30例,采用计算机随机分为右旋美托咪定组（n=15）和丙泊酚组（n=15）。右旋美托咪定组先给予负荷剂量右旋美托咪定1.0 μg.kg^-1,输注超过10 min后以 0.4 μg.kg^-1.h^-1持续泵人。丙泊酚组先缓慢给予丙泊酚2.0 mg.kg^-1,后以5～8 mg.?kg^-1.h^-1持续泵人。对插管条件进行评估分级;观察患者在插管过程中的反应,如咳嗽分级和患者插管时的舒适度;记录麻醉前（T0）、Rassay评分为4时（T1）、气管插管时（T2）、插管后1 min（T3）及插管后3 min（T4） 5个时间点的心率和血压的变化;记录阿托品和多巴胺的用量以及低氧血症和呼吸抑制等。结果：2组均成功完成纤维支气管镜下气管插管。右旋美托咪定组患者在插管过程中保持良好的自主呼吸,无气道梗阻发生,均能按照指令配合气管插管。丙泊酚组有6例（40.0%）患者出现呼吸道梗阻,11例（73.3%）不能按指令配合气管插管,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。右旋美托咪定组有12例声门开放,3例声门活动;丙泊酚组有7例声门开放,6例声门活动;右旋美托咪定组较丙泊酚组提供较好的插管条件（P<0.05）。在整个插管过程中没有反应或只是轻微的面部表情者,右旋美托咪定组有12例,丙泊酚组有8例,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。右旋美托咪定组患者在T1和T2时刻心率下降更为明显。插管后T3、T4时刻2组患者心率均加快,但右旋美托咪定组患者心率加快不显著,与丙泊酚组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在插管过程中右旋美托咪定组未出现低氧血症和气道梗阻,而丙泊酚组3例出现低氧血症,6例出现气道梗阻。结论：在处理巨大甲状腺肿所致的困难气道时,与丙泊酚比较,右旋美托咪定耐受性好,患者呼吸通畅,插管时血流动力学稳定。     

美托咪啶用于全身麻醉临床观察

目的:探讨右旋美托咪定(Dex)对全麻患者麻醉药用量、对气管插管和拔管引起的应激反应的抑制作用以及对麻醉恢复期的影响。方法:选择60例择期手术全麻患者(ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级),将患者随机分成Dex组和对照组,每组各30例。Dex组将右旋美托咪定稀释成4μg/kg并以负荷量1.0μg/kg在全麻诱导前15分钟缓慢静脉泵注,对照组静脉泵注等容量生理盐水。全麻诱导时使用丙泊酚2mg/kg、芬太尼2μg/kg、维库溴铵0.15mg/kg静注。4分钟后进行气管内插管。插管成功后吸入七氟醚。Dex组静脉泵注右旋美托咪定0.5μg/(kg·小时)至手术结束,对照组静脉泵注同等容量的生理盐水。手术结束时停用七氟醚,记录患者丙泊酚诱导量(mg/kg)和芬太尼总用量,记录患者入室时(T0)、插管时(T1)、手术后睁眼时(T2)、拔管时(T3)、拔管后10分钟(T4)的HR、平均动脉压(MAP),记录术后呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间和拔管时间及麻醉恢复期寒颤发生例数。结果:与对照组比较,Dex组的丙泊酚诱导量和芬太尼总用量明显减少(P<0.01)。对照组在T1、T3的MAP、HR与基础值T0比较明显升高(P<0.01),Dex组T1～T4的MAP、HR与基础值T0比较则无明显变化;Dex组在T1、T3的MAP、HR与对照组比较明显降低(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,Dex组术后麻醉恢复期寒颤发生率明显减少(P<0.01)。结论:右旋美托咪啶具有镇静、抗焦虑、镇痛、抗交感、降低应激反应、稳定血液动力学的作用,美托咪啶用于全身麻醉可明显减少麻醉剂用量;减少寒战的发生,降低围术期心肌缺血的发生。     

右美托咪定对开颅手术患者术中血流动力学的影响

目的:评估持续输注右美托咪定对开颅手术患者血流动力学的影响。方法:40例择期行开颅手术患者,ASAⅠ^Ⅱ级,将患者随机分为两组:右美托咪定组(D组)和对照组(C组),各20例。麻醉诱导前D组静脉注射负荷剂量右美托咪定1μg/kg;C组静脉注射等容量的0.9%氯化钠溶液,10 min内输完。术中D组持续静脉输注右美托咪定0.4μg/(kg·h),C组则输入等容量0.9%氯化钠溶液。手术结束时,两组均停药。记录给药前(T0)、给药后10 min(T1)、插管时(T2)、切皮时(T3)、苏醒时(T4)、拔管时(T5)、出手术室(T6)HR、SBP和DBP;记录术中丙泊酚用量、苏醒期患者呼吸恢复睁眼时间和拔管时间、术后Ramsay镇静评分。结果:与C组比较,T1-T6时D组HR明显减慢,SBP、DBP明显降低(P<0.05);T1Ⅱ级,将患者随机分为两组:右美托咪定组(D组)和对照组(C组),各20例。麻醉诱导前D组静脉注射负荷剂量右美托咪定1μg/kg;C组静脉注射等容量的0.9%氯化钠溶液,10 min内输完。术中D组持续静脉输注右美托咪定0.4μg/(kg·h),C组则输入等容量0.9%氯化钠溶液。手术结束时,两组均停药。记录给药前(T0)、给药后10 min(T1)、插管时(T2)、切皮时(T3)、苏醒时(T4)、拔管时(T5)、出手术室(T6)HR、SBP和DBP;记录术中丙泊酚用量、苏醒期患者呼吸恢复睁眼时间和拔管时间、术后Ramsay镇静评分。结果:与C组比较,T1-T6时D组HR明显减慢,SBP、DBP明显降低(P<0.05);T1^T5时C组SBP、DBP明显高于T0时(P<0.05)。术中D组丙泊酚用量明显低于C组(P<0.05),术后Ramsay镇静评分D组明显高于C组(P<0.05)。两组患者的苏醒期睁眼时间和拔管时间无明显差异。结论:术中持续静脉输注右美托咪可有效维持开颅手术患者血流动力学稳定,减少麻醉药用量,且不延长拔管时间。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.