肺炎支原体感染与咳嗽变异性哮喘发病关系的临床探讨

目的 探讨肺炎支原体(MP)感染与咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)发病的临床相关性.方法 选取来我院就诊的68例CVA患者作为观察组,并选择同时期进行就诊的急性上呼吸道感染患者70例作为对照组.检测两组患者的肺炎支原体抗体(MP-IgM)及观察组患者的嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)计数、血清总IgE水平.结果 观察组患者的MP-IgM阳性率33.82%明显高于对照组14.29%(P＜0.01);观察组中MP-IgM阳性患者的血清总IgE水平及EOS均明显高于MP-IgM阴性患者(P＜0.01).结论 MP感染与CVA发病密切相关,MP是诱发CVA的主要病原体之一.     

儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘与反复肺炎支原体感染的相关性研究

目的探讨儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)与反复肺炎支原体(MP)感染的相关性。方法选择2014年1月至2016年3月我院住院的CVA患儿60例为A组,MP感染患儿60例为B组,同期以咳嗽为主要症状的反复上呼吸道感染60例患儿为对照组C组。3组患儿均行肺炎支原体抗体(MP-IgM)检测,比较各组中MP阳性率及MP阳性与年龄及性别的相关性,同时观察3组患儿血清总IgE水平及血嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)计数的差异性。结果 (1)A组和C组的MP-IgM阳性率分别为43.33%和23.33%,A组MP-IgM阳性率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。年龄越大,CVA患儿的MP-IgM阳性率越高。男童MP-IgM阳性率高于女童;(2)A、B两组外周血EOS及血清总IgE水平明显高于对照组(P0.05);(3)ROC曲线示,EOS曲线下面积为0.860,最佳阈值为1.08×10~9/L,敏感度为0.852,特异度为0.780;总IgE曲线下面积为0.776,最佳阈值为196.53IU/mL,敏感度为0.795,特异度为0.834;结论 MP感染与小儿CVA有密切相关性,可以将MP-IgM检测作为CVA患儿的常规筛查项目,EOS及总IgE对CVA具有较高的预测价值。     

肺炎支原体在咳嗽变异型哮喘发病中的作用

目的 探讨咳嗽变异型哮喘(Cough Variant asthma,CVA)发病机制中肺炎支原体(MP)的作用。方法 观察CVA发作期及缓解期痰MP培养及嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)测定，同时测定FEVl及PEF的变化。结果 48例CVA患发作期中28例(58％)存在MP感染，其痰中EOS水平发作期较缓解期显升高(P＜0．05)。45例发作期FEVl及PEF＜80％正常值，42例支气管扩张试验FEVl和PEF值增加＞25％。结论 48例CVA中58％存在MP感染，证实了MP是CVA发病的重要病原体。     

儿童哮喘与肺炎支原体感染检验结果及相关性探讨

目的观察哮喘患儿的肺炎支原体(MP)感染检验结果,分析儿童哮喘与与肺炎支原体感染的相关性。方法选择125例哮喘患儿为观察组(n=125),并选择同时期125例体检正常儿童为对照组(n=125),采用酶联免疫吸附法检测两组患儿的肺炎支原体抗体(MP-IgM)阳性率。结果观察组的MP-IgM阳性率显著高于对照组(P0.05);7岁年龄段儿童是MP感染的高危人群。结论 MP感染是儿童哮喘的重要诱发因素,哮喘急性发作期患儿建议优先考虑MP感染的可能性。     

肺炎支原体感染与小儿支气管哮喘的关系

采用微量颗粒血清凝集沉淀方法．检测103例哮喘急性发作期患儿和30例非感染性疾病患儿静脉血中肺炎支原体（MP）特异性抗体IgM（MP—IgM）滴度及血清总IgE含量，并观察大环内酯类抗生素疗效。结果哮喘组MP-IgM阳性率为44．66％，对照组阳性率为6．67％，两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;MP—IgM阳性的哮喘患儿血清IgE含量明显高于阴性患儿，差异有统计学意义。认为MP感染与儿童哮喘关系密切，大环内酯娄抗牛素疗效确切，可降低短期哮喘发作率。     

小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘与肺炎支原体感染的关系及大环内酯类药物治疗的效果

目的探讨小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)与肺炎支原体感染的关系以及大环内酯类药物对CVA治疗的疗效。方法选择我院60例CVA患儿作为研究组,同期就诊的60例上呼吸道感染患儿为对照组,检测并比较两组患者血清MP-Ig M,研究组MP-Ig M阳性及阴性血清血嗜酸粒细胞计数及血清总Ig E水平。统计研究组31例并MP感染患儿使用大环内酯类药物治疗疗效。结果研究组患儿血清MP-Ig M阳性率为51.67%,明显高于对照组11.67%,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组MP-Ig M阳性患儿血清总Ig E及嗜酸粒细胞计数分别为(197.45±60.56)U/m L和(0.48±0.04)×109/L,均明显高于MP-Ig M阴性患儿,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);31例CVA并MP感染患儿经大环内酯类药物治疗后,治疗有效率为93.55%。结论小儿CVA与肺炎支原体感染密切相关,使用大环内酯类药物对其治疗疗效显著,值得推广应用。     

老年肺炎支原体感染合并支气管哮喘患者血清TNF-α,IL-4和IgE的表达

目的观察血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α,白细胞介素(IL)-4和免疫球蛋白(Ig)E在合并哮喘或无哮喘的肺炎支原体感染老年患者的表达及临床意义。方法选择肺炎支原体老年患者(观察1组,45例)和肺炎支原体合并支气管哮喘老年患者(观察2组,50例);同时选择相匹配的50例老年体检者作为对照组;检测三组研究对象的血清TNF-α、IL-4和Ig E水平;比较三组FEV1占预计值百分比(FEV1%pred)、第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)/用力肺活量(FVC)、哮喘控制测试(ACT)评分和痰嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)计数;并分析以上指标间的相关性。结果观察2组患者血清TNF-α、IL-4和Ig E水平均显著高于观察1组(P0.01);观察2组患者FEV1/FVC、FEV1%pred以及ACT评分均明显低于观察1组,而痰EOS显著高于观察1组(P0.01);血清TNF-α、IL-4和Ig E水平与肺炎支原体哮喘相关指标FEV1/FVC、FEV1%pred和ACT评分呈负相关(P0.01),而与痰EOS呈正相关(P0.01);肺炎支原体感染合并哮喘老年患者血清TNF-α水平与IL-4和Ig E均呈正相关(P0.01),血清Ig E水平与IL-4也呈正相关(P0.01)。结论血清TNF-α、IL-4和Ig E水平变化可作为评估肺炎支原体感染老年哮喘患者病情严重程度的重要指标,且与肺功能负相关。     

支气管哮喘气道炎症和哮喘控制与肺炎支原体感染的相关性研究

目的 探讨支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)患者的气道炎症、哮喘控制与肺炎支原体(MP)感染的关系。方法 选择2010年6月至2012年10月浙江大学医学院附属第二医院收治的支气管哮喘急性发作期患者114例和缓解期患者116例，检测两组MP特异IgM和IgG，比较其感染率；比较两组中有、无MP感染患者间痰嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)计数、血清总免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、第一秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1% pred)及哮喘控制测试(ACT)评分；并行相关性分析。结果 急性发作患者MP感染率(41.2%)明显高于缓解期患者(22.4%，P<0.05)；MP感染患者痰EOS计数、血清总IgE均高于无MP感染患者，而FEV1%pred及ACT评分均低于无MP感染患者，两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；两组感染率与各组感染阳性患者的FEV1%pred、ACT评分呈负相关(r=-0.356、-0.456)，与各组MP感染阳性患者的血清总IgE及痰EOS计数呈正相关(r=0.756、0.356)。结论 无论哮喘急性发作期还是缓解期，MP感染都是不可忽视的因素，且相较于慢性缓解期，更多见于哮喘急性发作期。     

两种常用检测肺炎支原体方法的应用体会

目的 支原体(MP)肺炎由MP感染而发病,本研究对两种常用的检测MP的方法 及检测结果 进行比较.方法 采集我院儿科确诊为MP感染患儿的血液标本51份,用金标免疫斑点法(MP-IgM)与冷凝集试验法(CAT法)同时检测标本.结果 MP-IgM法检出阳性24例,阳性率为47.1%;CAT法检出阳性10例,阳性率为19.6%.MP-IgM法高于CAT法,且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 MP-IgM法较CAT法检出率高,快捷及时,可作为MP急性期感染诊断的早期检测指标.     

两种常用的检测肺炎支原体方法的应用体会

目的 支原体(MP)肺炎由MP感染而发病,本研究对两种常用的检测MP的方法及检测结果进行比较.方法 采集我院儿科确诊为MP感染患儿的血液标本51份,用金标免疫斑点法(MP-IgM)与冷凝集试验法(CAT法)同时检测标本.结果 MP-IgM法检出阳性24例,阳性率为47.1%;CAT法检出阳性10例,阳性率为19.6%.MP-IgM法高于CAT法,且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 MP-IgM法较CAT法检出率高,快捷及时,可作为MP急性期感染诊断的早期检测指标.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。