良恶性胸腔积液中mRNA表达谱分析

目的 探讨良恶性胸腔积液中差异mRNA表达,并预测mRNA参与的调控通路.方法 选取2018.1～2018.12首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院收治的胸腔积液患者6例,其中3例为肺腺癌胸膜转移,3例为结核性胸腔积液,抽取胸腔积液,采用微阵列基因芯片技术分析mRNA表达谱,经"limma"包统计分析得出差异mRNA,从中找到...     

分泌性磷蛋白1在肺癌所致恶性胸腔积液中的表达及其诊断价值

目的 探讨分泌性磷蛋白1(SPP1,别名osteopontin)在晚期肺癌所致恶性胸腔积液(MPE)中的表达及其作为辅助诊断的可能性.方法 选取96例肺癌患者MPE标本为病例组,遴选24例肺部良性疾病患者胸腔积液标本为对照组,使用ELISA法检测标本SPP1表达量.采用SPSS16.0软件统计,并用t检验分析病例组与对照组SPP1的表达水平,建立ROC曲线甄选cutoff界值.结果 在120例胸腔积液标本中,病例组SPP1含量(-x±s=1568.9±1297.15 ng/ml)较对照组(-x±s =644.12±480.50 n/ml)显著增高(t =4.766,P＜0.01),cutoff界值=1247.90 ng/ml(敏感度=38.54％,特异度=95.83％,曲线下面积0.662,95％,CI0.554～0.770).结论 SPP1在MPE中显著升高,胸腔积液中SPP1表达水平可用于MPE辅助诊断,但不适宜临床常规诊断.     

肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液化疗前后CEA、NSE、SCC-Ag的表达及意义

目的探讨肿瘤标志物CEA、NSE和SCC-Ag在肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液的诊断和评估近期疗效的价值。方法用电化学发光法分别检测肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液患者(实验组)和良性胸腔积液患者(对照组)血清及胸水中CEA、NSE和SCC-Ag水平,及实验组化疗后血清上述肿瘤标志物水平。结果实验组血及胸水中CEA、NSE、SCC-Ag水平均高于对照组(P0.05);化疗有效组血中CEA、NSE、SCC-Ag水平均低于化疗前(P0.05);化疗失败组血中CEA水平明显高于化疗前(P0.05),NSE、SCC-Ag水平无明显变化(P0.05)。结论 CEA、NSE、SCC-Ag对肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液的诊断有指导意义,CEA能判断肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液患者化疗的近期疗效。     

糖链抗原联合检测对肺癌合并胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的 联合检测胸腔积液中糖链抗原CA72-4、CA242、CEA的水平,探讨其对肺癌合并胸腔积液的诊断价值.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验法对39例肺癌合并胸腔积液患者和35例良性疾病合并胸腔积液患者的胸腔积液进行CA72-4、CA242、CEA 3项联合检测.根据ROC曲线选择肿瘤标志物的界值,以敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率比较其在不同类型胸腔积液中的表达情况.结果 肺癌患者胸腔积液中3项肿瘤标志物的平均水平明显高于良性疾病患者(P<0.05).CA72-4、CA242、CEA的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.703、0.727、0.804.CA72-4对肺癌性胸腔积液诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为64.1%、71.4 0A.CA242对肺癌性胸腔积液诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为59.0%、80.0%.各项肿瘤标志物联合检测时,CA72-4+CEA和CA72-4+CA242+CEA对肺癌合并胸腔积液诊断的敏感性和特异性相同,分别为89.7%、94.3%.均高于其他联合.结论 检测胸腔积液中糖链抗原CA72-4、CA242、CEA的水平对肺癌合并胸腔积液的诊断有一定价值;多项肿瘤标志物联合检测时,敏感性和特异性均较单项检测时高;最佳联合检测为CA72-4+CEA.     

联合检测血清和胸腔积液Crk样蛋白、CEA在恶性胸腔积液诊断中的价值

目的评价联合检测血清和胸腔积液中Crk样蛋白(CRKL)、癌胚抗原(CEA)对恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测47例恶性胸腔积液和46例良性胸腔积液患者的血清和胸腔积液CRKL、CEA水平。结果恶性胸腔积液组血清CRKL显著高于良性胸腔积液组(P0.001),恶性胸腔积液组胸腔积液CRKL浓度显著高于良性胸腔积液组(P0.001);恶性胸腔积液组血清CEA显著高于良性胸腔积液组(P0.001),恶性胸腔积液组胸腔积液CEA浓度显著高于良性胸腔积液组(P0.001)。ROC曲线分析得血清及胸腔积液CRKL临界值分别为2.04ng/mL、3.04ng/mL,其敏感度分别为80.9%、74.5%;特异性分别为80.4%、84.8%。联合检测血清及胸腔积液CRKL的灵敏度为80.9%,特异性为80.4%;联合检测胸腔积液CRKL及CEA的灵敏度为89.4%,特异性为95.7%;联合检测四者的灵敏度为87.2%,特异性为97.8%。结论血清和胸腔积液中CRKL可作为鉴定良恶性疾病的重要辅助指标;胸腔积液CRKL联合胸腔积液CEA检测可提高恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值。     

心钠素测定在良恶性胸腔积液鉴别中的价值

目的探讨胸腔积液心钠素水平在良、恶性胸腔积液鉴别中的价值。方法采用放射免疫直接测定法,测定３０例结核性和２６例癌性胸腔积液患者胸腔积液及血清心钠素水平。结果结核性、癌性胸腔积液心钠素水平分别为（７５±９）ｎｇ／Ｌ、（１５７±４５）ｎｇ／Ｌ,两者有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）;结核性胸腔积液心钠素水平［（７５±９）ｎｇ／Ｌ］明显低于血清心钠素水平［（１７０±３７）ｎｇ／Ｌ］,差异有极显著性意义（Ｐ＜０００１）;结核性与癌性胸腔积液患者胸腔积液与血清心钠素水平之比值分别为０４７±０１７、０９９±０４６,两者差异有极显著性意义（Ｐ＜０００１）;其对恶性胸腔积液诊断的敏感性及特异性分别为８１％和１００％。结论测定胸腔积液心钠素水平是良、恶性胸腔积液鉴别的重要方法之一     

肿瘤标志物在肺癌引起胸腔积液诊断中的应用进展

胸腔积液是一个常见的临床表现.其良恶性的判断与治疗、预后密切相关.许多方法和指标都曾尝试用于恶性胸腔积液的诊断,各有利弊.随着分子生物学和实验技术的迅速发展,新的诊断指标和检测方法不断涌现.肿瘤标志物包括肿瘤相关抗原,肿瘤相关蛋白等,对于肺癌引起的胸腔积液的鉴别诊断具有重要的意义.     

中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白在恶性胸腔积液中的诊断价值

目的探讨中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白(neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, NGAL)在恶性胸腔积液(malignant pleural effusion, MPE)中的诊断价值。方法纳入98例胸腔积液患者,其中MPE 44例,良性胸腔积液(benign pleural effusion, BPE)54例。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定患者胸液((pleural fluid, PF)中NGAL水平,电化学发光免疫法测定CEA和CYFRA21-1水平。通过受试者工作特征性曲线(ROC)评价上述指标对MPE的鉴别能力。结果 MPE患者胸液中NGAL的水平明显高于BPE患者(P0.05)。在截断值为78.24 ng/mL时,患者胸液NGAL诊断MPE的敏感度和特异度分别为61.36%和74.07%,曲线下的面积(AUC)是0.71。联合检测胸液NGAL、CEA和CYFRA21-1可使MPE的诊断敏感度和特异度分别提高到65.91%和88.89%,AUC提高到0.86。结论胸液NGAL水平升高与MPE有关。在胸液中联合检测NGAL与CEA、CYFRA21-1等传统肿瘤标志物,有助于鉴别MPE和BPE。     

LDH在鉴别良恶性胸腔积液中的应用

目的探讨LDH活性差异对鉴别良恶性胸水的价值。方法30例结核性胸水和28例癌性胸水LDH比较分析得出LDH活性差异明显为区别良恶性的指标。结果结核性胸水患者LDH明最低于癌性胸水患者。结论胸水中LDH检测对区别结核性与癌性胸水有帮助。     

葡萄糖转运蛋白1在恶性胸腔积液的表达及意义

目的评价葡萄糖转运蛋白l(GLUT-1)在恶性胸腔积液中的诊断价值。方法采用免疫细胞化学SP法检测肿瘤性和非肿瘤性胸腔积液中脱落细胞GLUT-1的表达以及ELISA法测定胸水中GLUT-1的水平。结果两组胸液脱落细胞GLUT-1的表达率恶性组为89.33%,良性组为3.17%,两组间具有统计学差异(P0.01);两组胸液上清中GLUT-1的表达水平恶性组为(1.18±0.35)pg/ml,良性组为(0.85±0.24)pg/ml,两组间具有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 GLUT-1对恶性胸腔积液的诊断具有较高的敏感度,可以作为鉴别恶性胸腔积液的可靠标记之一。     

Ischemia modified albumin in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusions

The differential diagnosis of pleural effusion often requires invasive procedures. Up to 25 percent of pleural effusions can remain undiagnosed with an unclear pathogenesis. Therefore new biological markers may increase diagnostic yield and provide better understanding of pathogenesis of pleural effusion. We hypothesized that new ischemia biomarker, “ischemia modified albumin (IMA)” would help in both the differentiation of the underlying etiologies and provide a better understanding of pathogenesis of pleural effusions. This study was done between December 2009 and September 2010 in the Department of Pulmonary Diseases of Gaziantep University Hospital. One hundred and sixteen subjects with pleural effusion were included. Pleural and blood IMA levels were measured by ELISA. The underlying etiologies of pleural effusions were as follows: transudates (n = 50), malignancy (n = 32), tuberculosis (n = 12), pulmonary thromboembolism (n = 6), pneumonia (n = 16). The median pleural IMA levels were significantly different between the groups (p < 0.000). There were no such differences in the blood levels of IMA. The most striking difference in the median pleural IMA levels was between transudates and exudates (7986 (25–75%, 5145–56.505) ng/mL; 3376 (25–75%, 1935–4660) ng/mL; respectively, p = 0.000). The area under the ROC curve was 0.837 ± 0.038 for the cut-off level higher than 4711 ng l/mL for the differentiation of transudates from exudates (sensitivity, 82%; specificity, 78%; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.91; p = 0.0000). In conclusion, the pleural IMA levels are higher in transudates compared to exudates. No such differences were observed in blood levels of IMA suggesting that there are reasons other than ischemia that cause an increase in pleural fluid IMA levels.     

血清和胸水中肿瘤标志物检测对老年人胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的　评价老年良、恶性胸腔积液患者血清和胸液中 5种肿瘤标志物单项和联合检测的诊断价值。　方法　采用酶联免疫吸附法同时检测 32例老年肺癌并胸腔积液 (恶性胸腔积液组 )和 30例老年良性胸腔积液患者血清和胸水中细胞角化素蛋白片段 19(CYFRA2 1 1)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶 (NSE)、糖链抗原 15 3(CA15 3)、糖链抗原 19 9(CA19 9)、糖链抗原 12 5 (CA12 5 )水平。　结果　恶性胸腔积液患者血清中上述 5项指标的水平分别为 ( 12 84± 6 4 8) μg/L、( 2 2 0 7± 11 2 5 )μg/L、( 6 5 74± 30 2 6 )kU/L、( 5 6 32± 2 5 6 7)kU/L和 ( 71 86± 31 4 5 )kU/L ,均高于良性胸腔积液患者血清中的水平 (P <0 0 1) ;恶性胸腔积液患者胸水中除NSE外 ,其他 4项指标的水平分别为 ( 18 6 4± 8 15 ) μg/L、( 5 9 31± 2 7 35 )kU/L、( 4 8 2 4± 2 1 5 6 )kU/L和 ( 6 2 16± 2 7 79)kU/L ,均高于良性胸腔积液患者胸水中的水平 (P <0 0 1) ;血清 5种肿瘤标志物平行联合检测可提高诊断的敏感性至90 6 % ,系列联合检测可使特异性提高至 93 3% ;胸液中 4项指标对恶性胸水诊断的敏感性和特异性分别是 :CYFRA2 1 184 4 %和 90 0 % ;CA15 36 2 5 %和 73 3% ;CA19 937 5 %和 6 6 7% ;CA12 55 6 3%和     

MOC-31在肺癌患者胸水中的表达及意义

胸水是肺部多种疾病的常见并发症,其中绝大多数恶性胸水是由肺腺癌引起。常规细胞学检查主要根据细胞形态进行诊断,由于腺癌细胞与反应性间皮细胞形态极为相似,故鉴别以上两种细胞是诊断恶性胸水的最大难点。MOC-31特异的表达于肺癌患者胸水内的癌细胞,而不表达或低表达于反应性间皮细胞,通过多种手段对其进行检测,可为临床肺癌的诊断提供科学依据。     

基质金属蛋白酶9和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物1在不同性质胸腔积液诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用

目的 探讨基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物1(TIMP-1)及MMP-9/TIMP-1比值在结核性和仲瘤性胸腔积液形成过程中的作用及在上述胸腔积液诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 采用ELISA法测定36例结核性胸膜炎、38例恶性肿瘤和14例漏出液患者胸水中MMP-9和TIMP-1的浓度.结果 ①结核性胸腔积液组胸水中MMP-9浓度、TIMP-1浓度和MMP-9/TIMP-1比值均高于恶性胸腔积液组和漏出液组(P值均＜0.05),恶性胸腔积液组上述指标均高于漏出液组(P值均＜0.05).②恶性胸水脱落细胞学检查阳性组MMP-9浓度、MMP-9/TIMP-1 均高于细胞学检查阴性组(P值均＜0.05),TIMP-1浓度低于细胞学检查阴性组(P＜0.05).③MMP-9和TIMP-1之间呈正相关(r=0.239,P=0.025);MMP-9、MMP-9/TIMP-1分别与胸水乳酸脱氢酶、腺苷脱氨酶、蛋白质、白细胞总数、淋巴细胞比例之间显著正相关(P值均＜0.01);MMP-9、MMP-9/TIMP-1分别与胸水葡萄糖、氯化物之间呈显著负相关(P值均＜0.01);TIMP-1与乳酸脱氢酶、腺苷脱氨酶、蛋白质、淋巴细胞比例之间呈显著正相关(P值均＜0.01).④胸水中MMP9、TIMP-1、MMP-9/TIMP-1比值在恶性胸腔积液诊断中的敏感性分别为63.2%、71.1%和65.8%,特异性分别为83.3%、63.9%和80.6%.采用胸水MMP-9和TIMP-1串联联合检测的敏感性和特异性分别为39.5%和91.7%,并联联合检测的敏感性和特异性分别为94.7%和55.6$%.结论 MMP-9和TIMP-1与结核性胸膜炎和恶性胸腔积液的形成密切相关,MMP-9/TIMP-1比例的失衡在此过程中扮演了重要角色,胸水MMP-9、TIMP-1及MMP-9/TIMP-1比值的检测有助于结核性胸膜炎和恶性肿瘤所致胸腔积液的鉴别诊断.     

可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的应用

目的了解可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的应用价值。方法自2005年7月至2007年3月，应用可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜对我院呼吸科病房中60例不明原因的胸腔积液患者进行胸腔镜检查，其中男36例，女24例。对所有通过胸腔积液常规、生化、微生物学及细胞学等实验室检查或通过诊断性抗结核治疗仍不能明确其积液原因的患者进行内科胸腔镜检查。结果经检查，60例不明原因的胸腔积液患者中恶性肿瘤32例（53％），结核16例（27％），阴性结果或慢性炎症5例（8％），肺炎合并胸膜炎4例（7％），粘连严重未能看到胸壁者3例（5％）。恶性肿瘤中肺腺癌最常见。术后并发症中伤口疼痛最常见，对症治疗可缓解。未出现肺水肿、感染、拔管延迟等并发症。结论可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜是一项简单、安全、有效的检查方法。在临床上，可帮助我们进一步明确胸腔积液的病因，特别是对于不明原因的胸腔积液。     

Acid glycosaminoglycans in experimental pleural effusions

Acid glycosaminoglycans (GAG) were quantitated and partially characterized in pleural effusions in guinea pigs with experimental allergic pleurisy. (a) Increase of GAG in the pleural effusion preceded the increase of effusion volume. Effusion was associated with the presence of cuboidal mesothelial cells on visceral pleura, and hemorrhage, infiltration of neutrophils, and destruction of the alveolar structure of the lung. (b) A significant difference was found in the relative percentage of GAG subtypes in the effusion, serum, and the lung tissue of guinea pigs with experimental pleurisy. (c) There was a difference in molecular size of hyaluronic acid in pleural effusion between the early and late stages of pleurisy. (d) Presumably GAGs found in pleural effusion were released from the pleural tissue.     

胸腔镜检查对胸腔积液的诊治价值

为评介胸腔镜检查对胸腔积液的诊断和治疗价值，对278例经常规检查未明确病因的胸腔积液患者，采用胸腔镜直视下病变处取活组织检查（活检），根据活检结果，分别采取不同的方法治疗，结果显示，胸腔镜的诊断率为94．6％（263／278），胸膜转移癌，胸膜间皮瘤，结核性胸膜炎镜下形态不同，血性胸水中恶性占78．8％，草黄色胸液中恶性占46．5％，对恶性胸水患者经胸腔镜喷洒滑石粉或注入抗癌药物治疗，对良性胸水患者进行了对因治疗，278例中无严重并发症，本组资料证实胸腔镜检查对胸腔积液是一种安全，有效的诊断手段。     

Use of radioactive gold in the treatment of pleural effusions caused by metastatic cancer

Summary This paper presents a series of 12 patients suffering from advanced gynecological cancer with the occurrence of pleural effusions. All patients received at least one intrapleural dose of radioactive gold (100 m Ci Au¹⁹⁸) when the necessity for thoracentesis became more than once every three weeks. Three showed no recurrence of fluid, five a significant slowing down of effusion, and four did not show any response. Severe complications were minimal, and were comparable to these resulting from thoracentesis in general.     

Role of medical thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of pleural effusions

BackgroundMedical thoracoscopy (semi-rigid and rigid thoracoscopy) have revolutionized the management of undiagnosed pleural effusions. Though semi-rigid thoracoscopy has a good diagnostic yield in malignant and tubercular effusions, its role in the management of a complicated pleural effusions is debatable. Hence, rigid thoracoscopy becomes handy in these cases. The present study looked into the role of medical thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of pleural effusions in different conditions.MethodsThis study included all patients who underwent medical thoracoscopy at our center between May-2010 and March-2020. Basic demographics data, type of medical thoracoscopy used, and histopathology details were collected and analyzed.ResultsA total of 373 patients were subjected to medical thoracoscopy (202 semi-rigid thoracoscopy and 171 rigid thoracoscopy). Out of whom 246 (66%) were males, the mean age was 51.9 ± 13.2 years. Diagnosis was achieved in 370 patients with a yield of 99.2%. The diagnostic yield in semi-rigid thoracoscopy was 99.5% with lung malignancy being the most common diagnosis (41%; n = 81), followed by tuberculosis (31%; n = 61). The diagnostic yield in rigid thoracoscopy was 100% in our study. Along with high diagnostic yield, complete drainage and lung expansion was seen in 93.5% (160 out of 171 patients) without requiring a second procedure.ConclusionsSemi-rigid thoracoscopy and rigid thoracoscopy should complement each other in the diagnosis of pleural effusions. Rigid thoracoscopy should be considered as the procedure of choice in a complicated pleural effusion.