Intensive-care-unit-acquired bloodstream infections in a regional critically ill population

Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a serious complication of critical illness but it is uncertain whether acquisition of BSI in the intensive care unit (ICU) increases the risk of death. A study was conducted among all Calgary health region (population approximately 1 million) adults admitted to ICUs for 48 h or more during a three-year period to investigate the occurrence, microbiology and risk factors for developing an ICU-acquired BSI and to determine whether these infections independently predict mortality. One hundred and ninety-nine ICU-acquired BSI episodes occurred during 4933 ICU admissions for a cumulative incidence of 4% and an incidence density of 5.4 per 1000 ICU days. The most common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (18%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (11%), and Enterococcus faecalis (8%); 12% of infections were due to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Admission to the regional neurosurgery/trauma ICU [odds ratio (OR) 2.86; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.10-3.90] and increasing Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (OR 1.05 per point, 95% CI 1.03-1.07) were associated with higher risk, whereas a surgical diagnosis (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.52-0.93) was associated with lower risk of developing ICU-acquired BSI in logistic regression analysis. The crude in-hospital death rate was 45% for patients with ICU-acquired BSI compared with 21% for those without (P < 0.0001) Development of an ICU-acquired BSI was an independent risk factor for death (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.3-2.5) and increases the risk of dying from critical illness.     

Prognostic factors for nosocomial bacteraemia outcome: a prospective study in a Greek teaching hospital

Epidemiological and clinical features were studied as potential prognostic factors for outcomes of bacteraemic patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Greece. The prospective study was conducted over 12 months and enrolled 153 consecutive hospital-acquired bacteraemic episodes in 137 patients. The crude in-hospital mortality rate was 27% (37/137). The mean lengths of stay and of antimicrobial treatment were significantly longer for patients with a fatal outcome than for survivors (P<0.0001 and P=0.001, respectively). Needs for mechanical ventilation, urinary catheters and parenteral nutrition before or during the onset of episodes were significantly associated with fatalities [odds ratio (OR)=5.54, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.22-14.0, P<0.0001; OR=0.70, 95% CI 0.63-0.79, P=0.021; OR=5.03, 95% CI 1.88-13.95, P<0.0001, respectively]. Also, in logistic regression analysis, mechanical ventilation (OR=5.5, 95% CI 1.2-7.9, P=0.02) and parenteral nutrition (OR=8.8, 95% CI 3.8-11.4, P=0.003) were independent predictors of mortality. No differences between fatalities and survivors were found in sex, age, smoking habit, intensive care unit hospitalization, need for a nasogastric catheter and previous surgery. Neutropenia was associated with a fatal outcome (OR=3.65, 95% CI 1.24-10.91, P=0.006). None of the bacterial pathogens were significantly associated with an adverse outcome, whereas Staphylococcus aureus was recovered more frequently from survivors (P=0.02). Fatalities were more often associated with an intravascular catheter origin (P=0.002), whereas bacteraemias in survivors were associated with a skin/soft tissue origin (P=0.02). Various prognostic factors were associated with outcome in our bacteraemic population, and can be employed to identify bacteraemic patients at risk of death and to develop local strategies for its prevention.     

Influence of selective bowel decontamination on the organisms recovered during bacteremia in neutropenic patients.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of prophylactic selective bowel decontamination (SBD) on the spectrum of microbes causing bloodstream infection (BSI). DESIGN: The microbes causing BSI in neutropenic patients of a hematologic ward (HW) and a bone marrow transplantation unit (BMTU), respectively, were compared by retrospective analysis of blood culture results from January 1996 to June 2003. SETTING: A 30-bed HW (no SBD) and a BMTU including a 7-bed normal care ward and an 8-bed intensive care unit (SBD used) of a 2,200-bed university teaching hospital. RESULTS: The overall incidences of bacteremia in the HW and the BMTU were similar (72.6 vs 70.6 episodes per 1,000 admissions; P = .8). Two hundred twenty episodes of BSI were recorded in 164 neutropenic patients of the HW and 153 episodes in 127 neutropenic patients of the BMTU. Enterobacteriaceae (OR, 3.14; CI95, 1.67-5.97; P= .0002) and Streptococcus species (OR, 2.04; CI95, 1.14-3.70; P = .015) were observed more frequently in HW patients and coagulase-negative staphylococci more frequently in BMTU patients (OR, 0.15; CI95, 0.09-0.26; P < .00001). No statistically significant differences were found for gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli (P = .53), Staphylococcus aureus (P = .21), Enterococcus species (P = .48), anaerobic bacteria (P = .1), or fungi (P = .50). CONCLUSIONS: SBD did not lead to a significant reduction in the incidence of bacteremia, but significant changes in microbes recovered from blood cultures were observed. SBD should be considered when empiric antimicrobial therapy is prescribed for suspected BSI.     

Right bundle branch block is not a predictor of coronary artery disease

Right bundle branch block (RBBB) is considered as an important predictor of poor outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction, but the prognostic implication of RBBB in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) is unclear. Furthermore, the association between RBBB and incidence of CAD also its influence on the severity of stenosis in coronary arteries has not been established. This study was designed to assess the relationship between RBBB and the presence and the severity of CAD in patients with suspected CAD. The study population consisted of 172 patients with RBBB and 174 patients with normal resting electrocardiography (ECG). Severity of CAD was defined as estimated Gensini score according to the degree, quantity and distribution of lesions in angiographic study. According to our study based on angiographic investigations, in patients with RBBB the prevalence of CAD was 77.3 percent versus 70.1 percent in patients with normal resting ECG (P=0.13). Also, there was no significant association between the presence of RBBB and magnitude of Gensini score (OR=0.87, P=0.62). However, male gender and history of diabetes mellitus were associated with higher Gensini score (OR=3.41; 95% CI: 1.96-5.93, P<0.0001 and OR=3.22; 95% CI: 1.77-5.87, P<0.0001 respectively). This study suggests that although RBBB was associated with more severity of stenosis in left coronary system (LAD&LCX), but as a whole there was no association between RBBB and the presence and severity of CAD.     

The epidemiology and risk factors for breakthrough varicella in Beijing Fengtai district

Using data from the Immunization Information System (IIS) and the Infectious Disease Reporting System (IDRS), we have described the epidemiology and analyzed the risk factors for breakthrough varicella in the Fengtai district of Beijing, China. From 2008 to 2011 the breakthrough varicella infection rate (BVR) was 0.65%, 0.85%, 1.08% and 1.56% respectively, thus demonstrating a distinct increasing tendency (P<0.001). We also compared the incidence of varicella-related illnesses between the breakthrough varicella cases and unvaccinated cases, and found that the severity of illness in the breakthrough cases was milder than that of unvaccinated cases. Moderate-to-severe cases (P=0.008, OR=0.676, 95% CI=0.505-0.904) were differently distributed in the breakthrough varicella cases and unvaccinated cases. In this study, we demonstrated that floating status (P=0.031, OR=1.96, 95% CI=1.06-3.62), contact history (P<0.001, OR=2.67, 95% CI=1.59-4.69), time since vaccination (P=0.006, OR=1.59, 95% CI=1.14-2.21), age at vaccination (P=0.010, OR=0.59, 95% CI=0.39-0.88) and combined vaccination (P=0.026, OR=3.99, 95% CI=1.18-13.54) were associated with the occurrence of breakthrough varicella, and among these, floating status is a novel risk factor. This study should provide useful information for the evaluation of the performance of varicella vaccination and prevention in PR China.     

Risk factors for Fasciola hepatica infection in children: a case-control study

We conducted a case-control study to clarify the risk factors for human fascioliasis in the Northern Peruvian Altiplano. Cases (n=61) were individuals who were diagnosed as having chronic fascioliasis by faecal and/or serologic (Fas2-ELISA) studies. Controls (n=61) had negative serologic and coprological results for Fasciola hepatica. We identified an association between fascioliasis and four variables (40 analysed): the habit of drinking alfalfa juice (OR=4.5; 95% CI 1.8-11.1; P<0.001); familiarity with aquatic plants (OR=4.3; 95% CI 1.8-10.6; P<0.001); dog ownership (OR=5; 95% CI 1.7-15.1; P=0.002); and raising more than five sheep (OR=0.3; 95% CI 0.1-0.8; P=0.01). According to clinical presentation and laboratory studies, dizzy spells (P=0.01), history of jaundice (P=0.01), peripheral eosinophilia (P=0.005) and Ascaris lumbricoides in stools (P=0.001) were associated with fascioliasis. The principal exposure factor for F. hepatica infection was drinking alfalfa juice. In conclusion, we suggest that human fascioliasis in Peru should be suspected in patients from livestock-rearing areas, who present with recurrent episodes of jaundice and who have a history of consumption of alfalfa juice or aquatic plants, or who have eosinophilia.     

Increased mortality among elderly patients with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia

Despite the high prevalence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections among the elderly, outcomes of nosocomial MRSA bloodstream infections (BSI) for this patient population have not been fully examined. We performed a case-control study to compare outcomes of hospital-acquired MRSA BSI among patients >/=65 years of age (cases) with those younger than 65 years of age (controls). In a 430-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital, 100 hospitalized patients >/=18 years of age with S. aureus BSI were included in the study. Measurements obtained were: comorbidities, severity of illness at presentation, antibiotic therapy, haematogenous complications and mortality. Overall mortality was significantly higher among cases than controls [36% vs 12%; odds ratio (OR) 4.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-14, P<0.01]. A pulmonary source was identified more frequently among elderly patients compared with younger controls (34% vs 16%; OR 2.7, 95%CI 1.1-8.1, P=0.04). On logistic regression, the following variables were independently associated with MRSA BSI among elderly patients: admission to a medical ward (OR 3.1, 95%CI 1.3-7.6, P=0.02), non-central-venous-catheter-related BSI (OR 3, 95%CI 1.2-7.6, P=0.02) and death (OR 3.7, 95%CI 1.3-11, P=0.02). Among patients who received vancomycin, more cases were treated with a reduced dose of vancomycin due to renal insufficiency compared with controls (64% vs 31%; OR 4, 95%CI 2-9, P=0.01). These data suggest that MRSA BSI is associated with significant mortality among the elderly population. Preventing MRSA acquisition among this patient population is of paramount importance.     

Disparity of risk-adjusted inpatient outcomes among African American and white patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia

The objectives of this study were to examine the associations between inpatient pneumonia outcomes, health care factors, and sociodemographics with an emphasis on race. African American and white patients from the 2008 National Hospital Discharge Survey who were admitted to nonprofit and for-profit hospitals with a principal diagnosis of pneumonia were sampled (n=1924). Three outcomes were measured: length of hospital stay, discharge to home, and deceased at discharge. Length of hospital stay was measured with negative binomial regression including incidence rate ratios (IRRs), while the remaining 2 outcomes were measured with logistic regression including odds ratios (ORs). Patients with longer hospital stays relative to peers were likely older (IRR=1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.01-1.01, P<0.001) and African American (IRR=1.19, 95% CI=1.10-1.30, P<0.001), but had fewer comorbidities (IRR=0.97, 95% CI=0.94-0.99, P=0.016). Patients were less likely to be discharged to home if they were older (OR=0.96, 95% CI=0.95-0.96, P<0.001), African American (OR=0.68, 95% CI=0.52-0.90, P=0.006), and had government insurance (OR=0.59, 95% CI=0.44-0.79, P<0.001). Patients deceased at discharge were more likely to be older (OR=1.03, 95% CI=1.01-1.05, P=0.001), African American (OR=1.97, 95% CI=1.10-3.53, P=0.023), and to have fewer comorbidities (OR=0.71, 95% CI=0.57-0.88, P=0.002). African Americans with pneumonia experience inequitable inpatient pneumonia-related outcomes relative to whites. Hospital interventions addressing equity are needed.     

Factors influencing length of hospital stay in community-acquired pneumonia: a study in 27 community hospitals

We did a retrospective study of 1920 episodes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in 27 community hospitals and analysed inter-hospital variability in length of hospital stay (LOS), mortality and readmission rates. The overall adjusted LOS (mean+/-S.D.) was 10.0+/-9.8 days. LOS increased according to the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) risk class: 7.3 days for class I to 11.3 days for class V (P<0.001). In a multiple regression model, LOS increased (P<0.001) according to the hospital (inter-hospital variability), PSI risk class, complications during hospitalization, admission to ICU, need of oxygen and transfer to a nursing home. Hospitals with shorter LOS did not show an increased readmission rate (adjusted OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.51-2.03, P = 0.97) and post-discharge mortality (adjusted OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.70-2.05, P=0.51). There are significant inter-hospital variations in LOS in patients with CAP which are related to differences in clinical management. The reduction of these differences will further improve efficiency and quality of care.     

非溶栓急性缺血性卒中患者早期神经功能恶化的影响因素分析

目的探讨脱水指标血尿素氮/肌酐(BUN/Cr)对非溶栓急性缺血性卒中患者早期神经功能恶化(END)的预测价值。 方法采用回顾性病例系列研究分析2016年1月至2019年12月期间深圳市第二人民医院急诊科收治的发病24 h内急性缺血性卒中患者624例,其中END组69例,非END组555例。END定义为入院后72 h内美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分较基线增加≥2分。比较END组与非END组的人口统计学、基线临床资料以及实验室检查结果。采用多变量logistic回归分析确定END的独立危险因素。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析BUN/Cr对END的预测价值。 结果END组患者糖尿病比例,基线NIHSS评分、血压、血糖、白细胞、D-二聚体、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、BUN/Cr、血浆渗透压、住院时间及出院时mRS评分均显著高于非END组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示基线NIHSS评分(OR＝1.175,95%CI 1.075~1.284;P<0.001)、收缩压(OR＝1.021,95%CI 1.002~1.040;P＝0.029)、BUN/Cr(OR＝1.091,95%CI 1.023~1.163;P＝0.008)、ESR(OR＝1.031,95%CI 1.010~1.052;P＝0.004)是非溶栓AIS患者发生END的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析显示,BUN/Cr预测END的ROC曲线下面积为0.652(95%CI 0.588~0.715;P<0.001),最佳截断值为16.6,敏感度和特异度分别为75%和54%。使用预测方程0.087×BUN/Cr + 0.03×ESR + 0.161×基线NIHSS评分+0.021×收缩压-8.036对END具有较好的预测价值,其ROC曲线下面积为0.835(95% CI 0.776~0.894;P<0.001),敏感度和特异度分别为86%和71%。 结论BUN/Cr作为脱水指标与非溶栓AIS患者发生END的风险相关,对END具有一定的预测价值。血浆渗透压水平与END的发生无关。     

天津郊县居民风险态度对乙型肝炎疫苗接种行为的影响研究

  目的  通过天津市郊县居民风险态度对乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗接种行为影响因素的调查，探寻健康教育改善路径。  方法  问卷调查宁河县和静海县6个村的1 031名16~60岁成人，采用Pearson χ2检验和非条件二分类Logistic回归分析方法研究风险态度对乙肝疫苗接种行为的影响。  结果  Logistic回归分析显示，对其他变量进行控制后，调查对象的风险态度对其乙肝疫苗接种行为具有一定影响，年龄越小（OR=0.94，95%CI:0.93~0.96，P<0.001）、未婚（OR=8.24，95%CI:2.89~23.60，P<0.001）、自感健康较差（OR=1.78，95%CI:1.53~3.49，P=0.008）、正式工作者（OR=7.18，95%CI:2.29~22.54，P=0.001）、有医保（OR=8.46，95%CI:2.31~30.86，P=0.001）、风险规避（OR=1.65，95%CI:1.06~2.57，P=0.026）和风险中立者（OR=1.50，95%CI:1.03~2.17，P=0.032）更易选择接种乙肝疫苗。  结论  针对风险规避者和风险中立者，加强对乙肝疾病特征和疾病经济负担方面的健康教育，针对风险寻求者，可从乙肝流行趋势和传播途径等方面加强，使其对感染乙肝的概率有更科学的认识。     

Cardiovascular risk profile of type 2 diabetic patients cared for by general practitioners or at a diabetes clinic: a population-based study.

The aims of this study were to compare the cardiovascular risk profiles of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus cared for by general practitioners and those regularly attending a diabetes center. Out of an Italian population-based cohort of 1967 diabetic patients, 1574 (80%) were investigated. Patients exclusively cared for by general practitioners (23.8%) were older and showed lower prevalence of hypertension (79.0% vs 85.9%, P < 0.001), poor blood glucose control (HbA1c >8.0, 33.4% vs 47.9%, P < 0.001) and coronary heart disease (18.1% vs 22.3%, P = 0.003), and lower plasma fibrinogen (3.5 +/- 0.8 vs 3.7 +/- 0.9 g/L, P < 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, they had significantly lower ORs for HbA1c >8.8% (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45-0.99), hypertension (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.36-0.78), fibrinogen >4.1 g/L (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.32-0.77), smoking (OR 0.60, 95% Cl 0.36-1.00), and coronary heart disease (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45-0.93), after adjustment for age, sex, duration of diabetes, BMI, and antidiabetic treatment. Patients regularly cared for at a diabetes clinic had a higher cardiovascular risk profile, suggesting selective referral to the clinics of patients with more difficult management and/or severity of the disease. These findings have implications in the interpretation of morbidity and mortality clinic-based studies.     

Hospital-acquired infection surveillance in a neurosurgical intensive care unit

A prospective study on hospital-acquired infection (HAI) was undertaken in the eight-bed neurosurgical intensive care unit (NSICU) of a teaching hospital in Rome, Italy. All patients admitted for >48 h between January 2002 and December 2004 were included. The infection control team collected the following data from all patients: demographic characteristics, patient origin, diagnosis, severity score, underlying diseases, invasive procedures, HAI, isolated micro-organisms and antibiotic susceptibilities. Overall, 323 patients were included in the study. Mean age was 55.5 years (range 17-91), and mean American Society of Anesthesiologists' score was 2.88. Seventy (21.7%) patients developed 132 NSICU HAIs: 43 pneumonias, 40 bloodstream infections (BSIs), 30 urinary tract infections (UTIs), 10 cases of meningitis associated with an external ventricular drain (EVD) and nine surgical site infections (SSIs). The SSI rate was high (5.6%), but a reduction was achieved during the three-year period. There were 7.2 bloodstream infection episodes per 1000 days of device exposure; 11.00 pneumonias per 1000 days of mechanical ventilation and 4.5 UTIs per 1,000 days of urinary catheterisation. Among patients with an EVD, the SSI relative risk was 11.3 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 4.2-30.6; P<0.01]. Sixty-one (18.9%) patients died. Logistic regression analysis showed that mortality was significantly associated with infection [odds ratio (OR)=2.28; 95%CI 1.11-4.71; P=0.02] and age (OR=1.04; 95%CI 1.01-1.06; P=0.002). Candida spp. were the leading cause of UTIs (40.0%) and the third most common cause of BSIs (12.7%). Antibiotic-resistant pathogens included meticillin-resistant staphylococci (77.5%), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36.4%), and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (75.0%). Although the overall incidence of infection (21.7%) was within the range of published data, the associated mortality, the increasing severity of illness of patients, and the emergence of multi-drug-resistant organisms shows the need to improve infection control measures.     

Inadequate treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia: risk factors and impact on outcomes

Initial antibiotic therapy is an important determinant of clinical outcomes in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Several studies have investigated this issue, with conflicting results. This study investigated risk factors of inadequate empirical antimicrobial therapy and its impact on outcomes for patients with a clinical diagnosis of VAP. The primary outcome was adequacy of antimicrobial therapy. Secondary outcomes were duration of mechanical ventilation, hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) lengths of stay, and mortality due to VAP. Mean age was 62.9+/-15.2 years, mean APACHE (Acute Physiological Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation) II score was 20.1+/-8.1 and mean MODS (Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score) was 3.7+/-2.5. Sixty-nine (45.7%) of 151 patients with a clinical diagnosis of VAP received inadequate antimicrobial treatment for VAP initially. There were 100 (66.2%) episodes of VAP caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, of which 56% were inadequately treated, whereas the rate of inadequate antimicrobial therapy for VAP caused by susceptible-drug pathogens was 25.5% (P<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of inadequate antimicrobial treatment was more than twice as great for patients with late-onset VAP [odds ratio (OR), 2.93; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.30-6.64; P=0.01], and more than three times for patients with VAP caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens (OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.29-7.30; P=0.01) or with polymicrobial VAP (OR, 3.67; 95% CI, 1.21-11.12; P=0.02). Inadequate antimicrobial treatment was associated with higher mortality for patients with VAP. Two of three independent risk factors for treatment inadequacy were associated with the isolation and identification of micro-organisms.     

骨质疏松与认知障碍关系的Meta分析

目的 系统评价骨质疏松与认知障碍的关系,为认知障碍患者的预防提供循证支持。方法 计算机全面检索Embase,Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane Library,知网,中国生物医学文献数据库,万方,维普等数据库中关于认知障碍与骨质疏松关系的队列研究及病例-对照研究,时限均自建库至2021年4月23日。所得数据采用RevMan 5.3结合Stata 15.1软件进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入7篇文献,共77417个患者。纳入文献均为中高等质量水平。Meta分析结果显示:与对照组相比,骨质疏松组认知障碍的发病率更高（OR=1.97,95% CI:1.37～2.82,P<0.001）。同时,亚组分析结果显示,不同性别［男性（OR=1.68,95% CI:1.22～2.32,P=0.001）、女性（OR=1.76,95% CI:1.28～2.42,P<0.001）］、年龄［老年（OR=1.77,95% CI:1.26～2.50,P=0.001）、中年（OR=2.38,95% CI:1.43～3.97,P=0.001）］、测量部位［腰椎（OR=2.18,95% CI:1.49～3.20,P<0.001）、股骨颈（OR=2.41,95% CI:1.23～4.73,P=0.010）］、认知障碍严重程度［痴呆（OR=2.22,95% CI:1.63～3.03,P<0.001）］、国家［亚洲（OR=2.31,95% CI:1.61～3.30,P<0.001）］下,认知障碍与骨质疏松症呈正关联。结论 骨质疏松与认知障碍的风险增加有关。     

The association of infection and clinical severity in sickle cell anaemia patients

Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) patients have a high risk of infection. We retrospectively investigated the prevalence of infection among SCA patients from Bahia, Brazil. A total of 1415 SCA patients were studied between 1995 and 2009: 190 (13.4%) had hepatitis C virus (HCV), 67 (4.7%) had human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), 44 (3.1%) had hepatitis B virus (HBV), 40 (2.8%) had Chagas' disease, 11 (0.8%) had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and 5 (0.4%) had syphilis. Patients with HCV infection had a higher risk of hospitalisation (OR=1.52, 95% Cl: 1.07-2.17, P=0.020), bone disorders (OR=1.94, 95% Cl: 1.15-3.27, P=0.011), stroke (OR=2.17, 95% Cl: 1.12-4.14, P=0.017), painful crisis (OR=1.61, 95% Cl: 1.17-2.22, P=0.004) and leg ulcers (OR=1.61, 95% Cl: 1.04-3.03, P=0.031). Patients with HBV infection had a higher risk for bone disorders (OR=4.90, 95% Cl: 2.08-11.54, P<.010), stroke (OR=3.01, 95% Cl: 1.29-6.04, P=0.007), painful crisis (OR=3.51, 95% Cl: 1.62-7.63, P<0.001), acute chest syndrome (ACS) (OR=2.66, 95% Cl: 1.34-5.28, P=0.004), leg ulcers (OR=6.60, 95% Cl: 3.37-12.91, P<.001) and vaso-occlusive crisis (OR=6.34, 95% Cl: 1.96-20.66, P<0.001). Patients with HTLV-I infection had a high risk for bone disorders (OR=2.94, 95% Cl: 1.28-6.74, P=0.011), respiratory failure (OR=2.66, 95% Cl: 1.26-5.51, P=0.012), leg ulcers (OR=3.27, 95% Cl: 1.69-6.11, P<.001), painful crisis (OR=1.82, 95% Cl: 1.07-3.13, P=0.025) and ACS (OR=1.85, 95% Cl: 1.10-3.41, P<.047). SCA patients with HCV infection had increased triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.036; P=0.027), iron serum (P=0.016) and ferritin (P=0.007). These results reveal important roles for these infections in SCA patients' clinical outcomes, and studies are warranted to determine the mechanisms utilised by these agents and their involvement in disease severity.     

长沙市养老机构老年人尿失禁的流行现况及影响因素

目的 研究长沙市养老机构老年人尿失禁(urinary incontinence, UI)的患病率及其影响因素。方法 2018年6月1日―2018年12月31日,采用整群抽样对长沙市6区2县床位数≥200张的养老院中所有符合条件的老年人进行问卷调查。结果 养老机构老年人UI患病率24.01%,中、重度UI为主,占66.24%。冠心病(OR=2.13, 95%CI:1.37～3.31,P=0.001)、既往手术史(OR=1.68, 95%CI:1.14～2.50,P=0.010)、活动能力[不能活动(OR=7.32, 95%CI:3.22～16.69,P<0.001)、借助轮椅行走(OR=4.76, 95%CI:2.37～9.56,P<0.001)、他人帮助行走(OR=1.90, 95%CI:1.03～3.52,P=0.040)]和便秘(OR=1.96, 95%CI:1.30～2.95,P=0.001)是UI的独立危险因素。步行能力受损[借助轮椅(OR=6.09, 95%CI:2.11～17.55,P=0.001)、他人帮助(OR=4.34, 95%CI:1.46～12.92,...     

使用倾向得分匹配法评估南京市耐多药结核病的影响因素

  目的  本研究旨在评价南京市耐多药结核病(multidrug-resistance tuberculosis, MDR-TB)的影响因素,为降低MDR-TB的发病率提供科学依据。  方法  对南京市2013年1月1日―2020年12月31日登记管理的6 649例MDR-TB可疑者进行筛查。通过中国疾病预防控制中心结核病管理系统查询患者一般信息,通过电子病历和电话调查跟踪患者治疗管理情况。描述279例MDR-TB和6 370例非MDR-TB的一般人口学特征,使用倾向得分匹配法1∶1匹配筛选出279例非MDR-TB。采用配对资料条件Logistic回归分析模型分析MDR-TB的影响因素。  结果  条件Logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示,既往二线抗结核药物使用史和抗结核药物不良反应史是MDR-TB发生的危险因素(OR=2.39, 95% CI: 1.46~3.93, P < 0.001; OR=3.90, 95% CI: 2.45~6.21, P < 0.001),初治患者、规律服药是MDR-TB发生的保护因素(OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.02~2.34, P=0.038; OR=2.63, 95% CI: 1.69~4.07, P < 0.001)。  结论  MDR-TB对患者自身、家庭以及社会的危害极大,临床医疗机构和CDC要加强协作,提高患者的早期发现率和规范治疗管理率,从而控制MDR-TB的传播。     

Provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling among tuberculosis patients in Kassala, Eastern Sudan

Because of the overlapping global incidence of tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, collaborative efforts are required for successful TB and HIV control programs. The current study was conducted at Kassala Hospital in Eastern Sudan and investigated the implementation of provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling (PITC) for patients infected with TB. Using a cross-sectional study design, patients who had been recently diagnosed with TB between January and December 2010 were consecutively enrolled. A total of 858 newly infected TB patients were enrolled in the study. Of these patients, 152 patients (17.7%) were given counseling, and 109 patients (12.7%) underwent HIV testing. The overall HIV infection rate among those tested was 18.3%. From a multivariate analysis, female sex (OR=17.0, 95% CI=8.7-33.1; P<0.001), education level below secondary education (OR=2.6, 95% CI=1.6-4.1; P<0.001), rural residency (OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.3-2.9; P=0.001), and non-governmental employee status (OR=10.4, 95% CI=6.7-16.3; P<0.001) were each associated with lower rates of PITC. Thus, in this setting, the frequency of PITC is low among TB-infected patients and is especially low for females, those of low educational status, and non-governmental employees.     

生活方式指数与基因交互作用对凉山地区居民高尿酸血症影响

目的 分析生活方式指数与基因交互作用对凉山地区居民高尿酸血症(hyperuri-cemia,HUA)的影响.方法 以凉山地区2 646名居民为研究对象进行问卷调查、体格测量和血样采集.利用吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼和BMI构建生活方式指数.采用非条件Logistic线性回归分析模型分析生活方式指数、基因位点与HUA的关系,运...