剖宫产瘢痕妊娠磁共振影像分析

目的:探讨剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(CSP)的MRI影像特征,评价MRI在CSP诊断中的应用价值.方法:回顾性分析9例经手术及病理证实的CSP病例的MRI、超声及临床资料,计算诊断准确率,初步总结CSP的MRI影像特征.结果:与手术及临床病理结果对照,MRI诊断CSP的准确率为100％,CSP的主要MRI影像表现为子宫前壁下段剖宫产瘢痕处团块状异常信号影,T1WI低信号为主,T2WI呈不均匀高信号,其外缘距子宫前壁峡部浆膜面最薄处＜5mm.结论:MRI检查软组织分辨率高,可以多参数、多平面和多方位成像,有助于清楚显示病灶与剖宫产瘢痕的关系,对于临床及超声检查难以确诊的CSP病例可进一步行MRI检查.     

剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕早期妊娠的MRI表现及病理对照

目的：探讨剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕早期妊娠(CSP)的 MRI 表现及病理对照。方法回顾性分析23例手术和病理证实为CSP 患者的临床资料、MRI 特征及病理表现。结果23例(100%)病理标本显微镜下均可见子宫肌层中的绒毛及蜕膜组织,12例(52.2%)病理标本显微镜下可以见到瘢痕处子宫平滑肌组织不完整。21例子宫下段前壁可见手术切口瘢痕,在 T1 WI 和 T2 WI 均为低信号。12例妊娠囊临近瘢痕处大部分突入宫腔,10例妊娠囊位于子宫下段前壁瘢痕处,1例妊娠囊位于瘢痕周围肌层内。妊娠囊呈类圆形22例,大小约1.8 cm×1.2 cm~6.4 cm×2.7 cm。8例妊娠囊在 T1 WI 上呈均匀低信号、T2 WI 均匀高信号,15例在T2 WI 及 STIR 上呈混杂高信号,9例妊娠囊内见少许稍短 T1出血信号,3例妊娠囊在 DWI 上呈不均匀高信号。18例病灶边界清楚,与瘢痕周围肌层分界清楚,5例与瘢痕处肌层分界不清。5例增强扫描中3例妊娠囊囊壁呈环形强化。结论CSP 的 MRI 表现具有一定的特征性,MRI 检查能较好地反映 CSP 的病理学特征,对早期 CSP 的明确诊断和治疗方法的选择具有重要参考价值。     

子宫切口妊娠的MRI表现

目的探讨剖宫产后子宫切口妊娠（cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP）的MRI表现及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析8例经手术病理证实的子宫切口妊娠患者的MRI表现,将MRI影像表现与手术及病理结果进行比较,总结其MRI特点。结果 8例子宫切口妊娠MRI均清楚显示孕囊,位于子宫峡部前壁切口瘢痕处,孕囊向子宫肌层浸润同时向宫腔内生长,局部子宫峡部前壁明显变薄。其中7例孕囊为圆形或椭圆形,呈T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号囊状信号特征,囊壁光滑。其中1例孕囊表现为包块影,形态欠规则,T1WI上呈等信号,T2WI呈混杂信号,包块内及宫腔内见少量积血。结论子宫切口妊娠MRI表现具有一定特点,对临床早期明确诊断及治疗具有重要价值。     

MRI在子宫瘢痕妊娠诊断中的应用

目的 :探讨MRI对子宫瘢痕妊娠(cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP)的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析10例经临床证实的CSP患者MRI检查资料,并与临床病理对照。结果 :10例孕囊及瘢痕显示良好,孕囊呈长T1长T2改变,瘢痕组织在T1WI、T2WI上均呈低信号;10例中8例位于子宫体下段前壁瘢痕处,1例位于子宫颈管前壁及宫腔中下段,1例位于子宫下段近宫颈内口右前壁;10例病理证实均为CSP或妊娠组织残留。结论:MRI对CSP的诊断有较高的价值,可为治疗方式的选择及预后评估提供重要依据。     

磁共振成像对剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的诊断价值

目的：探讨磁共振成像（MRI）对剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的诊断价值。方法收集我院临床证实为剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的MRI图像5例,分析其MRI影像学表现和临床资料。结果5例瘢痕和孕囊均显示良好,瘢痕位于子宫体下部前壁,表现为T1WI及T2WI条样低信号。5例孕囊均呈囊状,表现为边界清楚的囊样长T1长T2信号影。瘢痕处肌层明显变薄,肌层厚度平均3 mm,其中1例向膀胱方向突出生长,瘢痕处肌层厚度1 mm。本组中4例在超声引导下行清宫术,而瘢痕处肌层厚度1 mm者行腹腔镜监护下清宫术,所有患者手术顺利。结论 MRI能很好地显示剖宫产瘢痕妊娠,有利于临床处理方式的选择。     

子宫内膜癌的MRI诊断及分期研究

目的探讨子宫内膜癌的MRI表现,评价MRI对子宫内膜癌术前分期的价值. 资料与方法 24例经手术病理证实的子宫内膜癌患者术前均行MRI检查,横断位、矢状位、冠状位 SE T1WI, 横断位、矢状位、冠状位TSE T2WI,Gd-DTPA增强后T1WI横断位、矢状位、冠状位扫描.在MRI上观察肿瘤位置、信号特征及侵犯肌层的深度.MRI所见与手术病理对比. 结果子宫内膜癌的表现:子宫增大,子宫内膜弥漫性不规则增厚,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI为相对高信号,有强化,侵犯肌层时,则T2WI上子宫肌层信号增高,结合带中断,显示不清.MRI对子宫内膜癌分期总的准确度为83.3%. 结论 MRI能多方位清晰地显示子宫内膜癌瘤灶及侵犯范围和深度,明显优于其他影像检查方法;MRI对术前子宫内膜癌分期也明显优于其他影像检查方法,故MRI应成为子宫内膜癌术前常规的影像检查方法.     

MRI对剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的诊断价值

目的：探讨MRI在剖宫产瘢痕妊娠诊断与治疗中的价值。方法：回顾性分析22例经手术及病理证实的剖宫产瘢痕妊娠患者的临床及MRI表现。结果：22例均清楚显示孕囊,孕囊位于子宫前下壁峡部剖宫产瘢痕部位。其中5例孕囊完全植入肌层,子宫前下壁菲薄前凸,呈反“3”字或“C”字型;17例孕囊向子宫肌层浸润同时又向宫腔内生长,子宫前下壁不同程度变薄。孕囊呈圆形或卵圆形15例,形态不规则7例,在T1wI上以等低信号为主,部分孕囊可呈混杂斑片状高信号,在T1wI上呈混杂高信号,周围可见低信号包膜,其中14例包膜完整,8例不完整。手术瘢痕表现为子宫肌层连续性中断,局部向内凹陷或变薄,MRI表现为务状长T1、短T2异常信号。11例行超声监测下宫腔镜孕囊切除术,6例经阴道子宫瘢痕妊娠物切除联合子宫修补术;3例经开腹手术妊娠物切除,2例行子宫切除。结论：子宫瘢痕妊娠的MRI表现具有一定特征性,可为诊断及治疗方案的选择提供有价值的信息。     

子宫内膜癌磁共振成像诊断和分期

回顾性分析子宫内膜癌的磁共振（MRI）表现和手术病理结果，探讨MRI诊断和分期的价值。材料和方法：18例子宫内膜癌诊断和分期均经手术和病理检查。术前MRI检查采取冠状面和矢状面的T1WI和T2WI成像，双盲法MRI阅片，子宫内膜癌MRI分期基本按FIGO分期原则。结果：病灶区在T1WI像上为等信号（不伴出血），T2WI呈现5种表现。MRI分期准确率达83．8％，分辨工期的准确率达90．9％。结论：子宫内膜癌MRI表现多样化，有44．4％病例表现不典型。MRI对子宫内膜癌（尤其对占多数的Ⅰ期病例）的分期具有很高的价值。     

39例腹壁子宫内膜异位症的MRI表现

目的:探讨腹壁子宫内膜异位症的MRI征象及临床特点,探讨MRI的诊断价值.方法:本院39例经病理组织学证实的腹壁子宫内膜异位症患者,经盆腔MRI平扫及增强扫描,回顾性分析其影像表现及临床病理资料.结果:39例腹壁子宫内膜异位症中,大多数患者有剖宫产手术史,仅1例无腹部手术史.34例(87.2％)病灶边界模糊.22例(56.4％)病灶呈实性,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈混杂信号为主;15例(38.5％)病灶呈囊实性,T2WI呈高低混杂信号,T1WI以等低信号为主,其中抑脂T1WI中有高信号灶为7例;2例(5.1％)病灶呈囊性,T2WI及T1WI均呈高信号.囊性病灶增强扫描后强化不明显;实性及囊实性病灶增强扫描后病灶均可见持续性强化,病灶显示更加清晰.结论:结合临床病史及MRI表现特点,能准确诊断腹壁子宫内膜异位症,MRI能准确显示病灶位置、边界、大小及范围,对于临床治疗方案的制定有很大参考价值.     

视神经肿瘤的MRI诊断

目的:探讨视神经肿瘤的MRI表现。方法:回顾了18例经MRI检查并经临床病理确诊的视神经肿瘤的病例。结果:视神经脑膜瘤8例,表现为视神经增粗1例,梭形肿块5例,软组织肿块2例。MR T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈高信号。视神经胶质瘤6例,表现为视神经梭形增粗2例,椭圆形肿块4例,MR T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈高信号。视神经转移瘤4例,3例为视网膜母细胞瘤累及视神经,MRI表现为眼球内病变侵犯视神经和视交叉,T1WI呈稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号;1例为乳腺癌转移至视神经,MRI表现为视神经椭圆形增粗,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈高低混杂信号。结论:MRI是检查和诊断视神经肿瘤的重要检查手段,对大多数病变可做出明确诊断。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.