膝关节色素性绒毛结节滑膜炎的MRI与病理对照研究

目的 :探讨膝关节色素性绒毛结节滑膜炎 (PVNS)的MRI诊断价值及其病理基础。方法 :回顾性分析 10例经病理证实的膝关节PVNS的MRI、X线平片影像资料 ,比较和评价膝关节PVNS的MRI信号特点 ,关节内结构侵犯、关节外侵犯和骨质侵蚀等征象。结果 :10例膝关节PVNS中 ,8例具有典型的含铁血黄素沉着 ,MRI可以准确显示X线平片难以显示的骨质侵蚀、关节内软骨和韧带侵蚀以及关节外侵蚀的范围。PVNS的MRI信号强度可分为 3种类型 :Ⅰ型 ,T1WI高信号 ,T2 WI等信号或高信号 ;Ⅱ型 ,T1WI等信号或低信号 ,T2 WI低信号 ;Ⅲ型 ,T1WI等信号或低信号 ,T2 WI高信号。每种类型分别对应其病理发展过程中的早、中及晚期病理表现。结论 :MRI在膝关节PVNS诊断中具有很高的价值 ,绒毛结节内含铁血黄素沉着所致的T1WI低信号、T2 WI低信号为其特征性改变 ,但并不贯穿PVNS全过程。快速小角度激发扫描优于自旋回波和快速自旋回波扫描。     

膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的影像学表现

目的 探讨膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎(PVNS)的影像学表现特征.方法 结合文献复习回顾性分析5例经手术(或关节镜)及病理证实的膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的X线平片、CT及MRI等影像学表现.结果 X线平片仅能显示关节囊的肿胀,关节面下的骨侵蚀或骨缺损及其周围硬化;CT可以显示关节囊突向关节腔的软组织结节.MRI对显示关节滑膜增厚和关节积液尤其敏感,滑膜增厚及软组织结节在T1W1呈等低信号,T2W1等信号1例,低信号或稍高信号4例,4例在增厚的滑膜内见多发散在含铁血黄素沉着的长T1、短T2低信号影,增强后结节明显强化.结论 MRI明显优于X线平片及CT,有助于本病的诊断和鉴别诊断.     

骨梗死的影像学诊断

目的探讨骨梗死的影像学特征.方法搜集经临床随访及病理证实的骨梗死13例,男5例,女8例.所有病例均行X线检查,其中同时行CT检查者4例,行MR检查者7例,3种检查都进行者2例.将骨梗死分为早、中、晚期,分析X线、CT及MRI表现,总结其影像学特征.结果骨梗死早、中期X线、CT表现为局部的骨质疏松及斑点状钙化,MR T1WI骨梗死灶中央部分呈等或略低信号,边缘为迂曲匐行的低信号带,T2WI中央部分呈等或略高信号,边缘呈迂曲的高信号带;晚期X线及CT呈不规则、迂曲状骨质硬化,MR T1WI及T2WI均呈低信号..结论MRI是诊断早期骨梗死最有效的方法,可以发现早期病变,X线平片对中晚期病变有帮助,CT较平片敏感,骨梗死的诊断应三者相结合.     

膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎MRI表现与病理对照分析

目的：探讨膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎（PVNS）的MRI表现与病理变化的关系。方法：对20例膝关节PVNS的MRI影像进行回顾性分析,并与手术病理结果对照。结果：20例膝关节PVNS均为弥漫型,病理特征为滑膜增厚呈结节状或绒毛状,有丰富的血管和大量含铁血黄素沉着。MRI表现均有滑膜增厚、关节内软组织结节,T1WI呈等或低信号,T2WI呈低信号;均有不同程度关节积液;关节内脂肪垫受侵15例;半月板及交叉韧带受累10例;软骨或骨受侵16例。结论：MRI对膝关节PVNS有特征性表现,并敏感显示关节内外组织结构的侵犯程度及范围,MRI是诊断PVNS的理想检查方法。     

膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎X线与MR诊断

目的 分析膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的X线及MRI影像学表现,提高对本病的诊断正确率.方法 回顾性分析33例经病理证实的膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎,总结其临床表现及影像学特点.结果 33例中弥漫型22例,局限型11例,以青、中年女性多见,多有外伤史,病程长,症状进行性加重,主要表现为滑膜不规则结节状增生或弥漫性增生.增生的滑膜和结节内含铁血黄素沉着呈双低信号(T1WI及T2WI均为低信号),关节内外骨质可受侵.结论 膝关节PVNS的MRI表现具有一定特征性,对PVNS有定性诊断价值;而X线平片对本病的诊断有提示作用,但在准确诊断上有一定限度.     

色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的影像学表现

目的:探讨色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎(PVNS)的影像学表现,以提高对该病的影像学诊断水平及鉴别诊断的能力。方法:回顾性分析11例经病理证实的PVNS影像学资料并进行总结。11例均行X线检查,其中2例同时行关节空气造影检查;CT平扫7例;10例行MRI检查,其中1例加增强扫描。结果:11例均为单关节发病,其中膝关节8例、踝关节2例、髋关节1例。主要影像学表现为:①关节囊肿胀及结节状软组织肿块:11例均显示关节囊肿胀,4例X线平片(36.3%)、5例CT(71.4%)及10例MRI(100%)显示结节状软组织肿块;②软骨下边缘清楚的骨侵蚀伴硬化缘6例:其中X线显示2例、CT显示6例、MRI显示5例;③滑膜增厚10例:4例CT(57.1%)、10例MRI(100%)显示滑膜增厚;其中弥漫性增厚8例,单纯局限性增厚2例;④关节腔积液及关节间隙的改变:关节腔积液9例(81.8%),关节间隙狭窄4例(36.3%);⑤多发结节的MRI信号改变:结节均呈长T1短T2信号者5例;信号混杂者3例;另2例既有长T1长T2信号,也有长T1短T2信号。结论:PVNS的影像学表现具有一定的特征,影像学检查(特别是MRI检查)大多能够做出正确诊断。     

骨巨细胞瘤影像学

骨巨细胞瘤是一种常见的骨原发性肿瘤，本文通过对文献的复习，系统地介绍骨巨细胞瘤的临床、病理、X线、CT和MRI的表现特点，认为骨巨细胞瘤的影像学表现有一定的特征性，典型的X线表现为长管骨骨端偏心性、膨胀性、皂泡样、达关节软骨下骨边界清楚的溶骨性骨质破坏；典型的CT表现为骨端偏心性、膨胀性、溶骨性骨质破坏，骨皮质变薄，连续性完整或栅栏状中断，肿瘤的边缘可有程度不等、断续的骨质硬化，肿瘤内可见有短小的骨嵴；典型的MRI表现为长骨骨端偏心性、达关节软骨下骨的异常信号区，T1WI为中等信号，T2WI为中、高信号混杂，可出现液一液平，肿瘤的边缘有一相对比较规则的、由于周围骨质硬化引起的T1WI及T2WI均为低信号的线状影；影像学检查对于骨巨细胞瘤的诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗后随访均有重要的价值。     

腱鞘巨细胞瘤的影像学分析

目的 分析腱鞘巨细胞瘤(giant cell tumor of tendon sheath,GCTTS)的影像学表现以增加对该病的影像学认识,提高影像诊断的准确率.方法 收集2009年9月～2012年11月14例经手术病理组织证实的GCTTS患者X线、CT、MRI影像进行回顾性分析.其中14例行X线平片检查,6例行CT平扫检查,8例行MRI平扫及增强扫描.结果 X线平片显示局部稍高密度软组织肿块影,邻近骨质未见明显异常或轻度侵蚀破坏;CT表现为关节周围肌间隙内局限性软组织肿块,部分呈分叶状,明显跨关节生长,无明显钙化征象及骨膜反应;MRI表现为病灶在T1WI多呈较低信号,内可见条片状更低信号影,T2WI呈高低混杂信号,增强后强化明显,病灶与邻近肌腱关系密切,局部骨皮质可受侵.结论 腱鞘巨细胞瘤的影像学表现具有一定的特征性.     

软骨母细胞瘤MRI及X线平片和CT的表现特征

目的 研究软骨母细胞瘤的影像表现,探讨其MRI与X线平片、CT征象的对应关系.方法 分析16例经手术、病理证实的良性软骨母细胞瘤的影像资料,总结其MRI表现与X线平片、CT征象的对应关系.结果 16例软骨母细胞瘤均位于骨骺,大小为0.9 cm×0.8 cm×1.0 cm～4.8 cm×4.3 cm×5.1 cm,呈不同程度的分叶状.在T1WI上以等、低信号为主,T2WI上呈混杂信号,CT上为软组织密度,内见钙化和更低密度区.边缘呈长T1、短T2信号,在CT上表现为硬化边.MRI可见病灶周围有骨髓水肿,在X线和CT上表现为骨质硬化区.病灶邻近软组织肿胀.MRI显示骨膜异常9例,8例与病灶不相邻;X线和(或)CT显示骨膜新生骨6例.MRI显示关节积液12例,CT显示6例.MRI上病灶均呈不均匀强化,骨髓水肿、骨膜反应和软组织肿胀均见强化.软骨母细胞瘤在扩散加权成像(DWI)上呈等、高信号,在MR平扫中的等T1、等T2成分和长T1、长T2成分,以及骨髓水肿、骨膜反应和软组织肿胀在DWI上均呈高信号.结论 MRI和X线平片、CT从不同方面反映软骨母细胞瘤的病理改变,联合应用不同检查手段可更全面显示软骨母细胞瘤的特点.     

纤维性骨皮质缺损的影像学诊断

目的分析纤维性骨皮质缺损（FOCD）的X线、CT及MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法回顾分析11例纤维性骨皮质缺损的X线、CT及MRI表现,全部经穿刺活检或手术病理证实。结果纤维性骨皮质缺损发生存股骨4例,胫骨3例,肱骨及腓骨各2例。在X线平片上FOCD病灶表现为三角形或碟形骨质破坏边缘有硬化,CT表现为半圆或三角形骨缺损,内含软组织密度,MRI T1WI上呈低信号,T2WI上呈稍低或低信号。结论X线、CT和MRI可显示纤维性骨皮质缺损的影像特征,并具有较高的诊断价值。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.