30例肺癌再切除术的外科疗效分析

目的：对30例肺癌再切除手术患者进行回顾性分析,探讨其手术指征、并发症和生存率。方法：回顾分析1995年1月至2008年12月我院进行的余肺切除术30例的临床资料。应用生命表法计算1年、3年、5年生存率。结果：本组患者无手术死亡,术后并发症15例,涉及呼吸系统症状的10例（33.3%）,非呼吸系统5例（8.3%）,其中3例患者出现心律失常,1例心力衰竭,1例中度贫血。术后1、3、5年生存率为79.32%、67.25%、32.56%。结论：严格掌握余肺切除术的适应症,对于合适的患者而言,可获得较好的远期生存。     

心包内处理肺血管肺切除术治疗肺癌130例疗效分析

目的:评价通过心包内血管处理行肺切除术治疗中晚期肺癌的临床疗效.方法:2006年4月-2011年4月在本院接受心包内血管处理肺切除术的130例中晚期肺癌患者,观察术后并发症和手术死亡率,并分析不同病理分型和TNM分期对生存的影响.结果:手术死亡率为0.77％ (1/130),术后并发症发生率为14.6％ (19/130).全组患者的1、3和5年生存率分别为75％、43％和20％.行肺叶切除患者的1、3和5年的生存率均高于全肺切除患者(P＜0.01).行心包内血管处理左肺全切术患者的1、3和5年的生存率要高于心包内右肺全切术后患者(P＜0.01).结论:通过心包内血管处理行肺切除术治疗中晚期肺癌可增加手术切除范围并提高手术切除率,改善患者的术后生存.     

Vater壶腹癌116例的手术治疗

目的:评价不同手术方式治疗Vater壶腹癌的疗效。方法:回顾性分析116例经手术治疗的Vater壶腹癌患者的临床病理资料及生存状况。结果:局部切除38例,无手术死亡,术后并发症5例(13.16%),术后1年、3年、5年生存率分别为83.52%,66.34%和51.36%。胰十二指肠切除62例,手术死亡1例(1.61%),术后并发症14例(22.58%),术后1年、3年、5年生存率分别为78.62%、60.12%和43.38%。其中早期Vater壶腹癌行胰十二指肠切除术22例,术后并发症4例(18.18%),术后1年、3年、5年生存率分别为85.33%、64.56%和53.27%,行其他姑息手术16例,1年生存率11.12%,无3、5年生存。结论:手术切除是Vater壶腹癌的有效治疗手段,合理地选择手术方式是提高疗效保证手术安全性的关键。     

心包内处理血管治疗中心型肺癌

目的:与心包外全肺切除疗效对比,探讨心包内处理血管治疗中心型肺癌的临床疗效及价值。方法:1997年3月至2004年3月,对76例中心型肺癌患者进行了全肺切除术,对其中34例无法在心包外行全肺切除的患者,行心包内处理肺、动静脉全肺切除术,占同期全肺切除的44.7%(34/76)。结果:经心包内处理血管的患者无手术死亡,无支气管胸膜瘘发生;切缘癌阳性2例(5.9%),术后出现心慌、气短症状及心律失常6例,发生率18%。术后1年生存率85%,3年生存率32%,5年生存率21%。同期经心包外行全肺切除者,发生支气管胸膜瘘1例,切缘癌阳性2例(4.8%),术后出现心慌、气短症状及心律失常8例,发生率19%。术后1年生存率87%,3年生存率29%,5年生存率20%。结论:与心包外全肺切除相比,心包内处理血管全肺切除术可提高肺癌的切除率,提高患者的生存质量,延长患者的生存时间,手术安全可靠,是外科治疗中心型肺癌的有效手段。     

气管、隆突成形术14例临床分析

目的探讨提高气管隆突成形术临床效果的方法.方法气管下段癌行袖式切除及癌灶旷置、右支气管胸壁造口术各1例;双侧隆突切除术7例,单侧隆突切除术5例,其中保留术侧部分肺叶3例,切除术侧全肺9例.结果无术中死亡,术后围手术期死亡1例,围手术期后1年内死亡4例;1年生存率62.3%(9/14);3年生存率28.6%(4/14);5年生存率7.1(1/14)死因与术中麻醉管理有关1例,占7.7%(1/13),死于心脑血管意外及肺功能衰竭5例占38.5%(5/13),死于肿瘤复发或转移6例占46.5%(6/13).结论气管隆突手术创伤大难度高,并发症及复发率高生存率低,因而正确掌握适应症,简化手术操作,术中麻醉及手术医师密切配合,术后积极防治并发症并辅以有效的放化疗是提高此类手术效果的重要措施.     

袖式切除治疗82例肺癌患者的临床分析

背景与目的:支气管袖式切除和/或肺血管袖式切除在切除肿瘤的同时能最大限度地保留健康肺组织,为肺癌外科治疗提供了一种手术方式。本研究旨在探讨肺癌袖式切除的技术问题、手术结果、术后并发症及患者术后生存情况。方法:选择2001年6月至2006年12月,在浙江省肿瘤医院行袖式切除的82例中央型肺癌患者,其中23例同时行肺动脉血管袖式切除,2例单独行肺血管袖式切除。所有患者术中行系统淋巴结清扫。观察淋巴结清扫情况以及术后并发症的发生情况,用Kaplan-Meier法对患者的生存情况进行分析。结果:82例患者清扫9～57个淋巴结,平均20个,中位数19个。淋巴结N1转移49例,占59.8%;N2转移21例,占25.6%。2例(2.4%)患者在围手术期死亡,无支气管吻合口瘘发生。全组中位生存期26个月。1、2、3、5年生存率分别为78.4%、52.5%、39.1%、23.4%。男性和女性、<60岁与≥60岁患者的1、3、5年生存率均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。而N1(-)N2(-)、N1( )N2(-)、N2( )患者的1、3、5年生存率差异有显著性(P<0.01);Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、ⅢA期、ⅢB期患者的1、3、5年生存率差异也有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:肺癌袖式切除手术死亡率以及与吻合相关并发症发生率低,可在掌握适应证的情况下代替全肺切除。系统淋巴结清扫不增加手术并发症和死亡率。袖式切除术后患者的生存与淋巴结转移状况以及临床分期有关,而与性别、年龄无关。     

肝外胆管癌预后因素分析

目的分析肝外胆管癌患者的预后因素.方法单因素按不同水平分层的人时死亡率计算方法和多因素Cox模型分析预后因素.结果:手术方式和术后生存期的关系最为密切,行切除术的患者术后生存期明显延长,其次是病理类型、术后并发症和术后生存期关系亦非常密切,建立了肝外胆管癌术后生存危险状态函数.在此基础上比较了不同术式的1、3、5年生存率.探查术的1、3、5年生存率分别为11.48%、0.06%、0.003%;外引流术的1、3、5年生存率30%、16.12%、0.31%,切除术的1、3、5年生存率分别为69.23%、28.10%、17.04%.结论: 手术切除是治疗肝外胆管癌患者的最佳方案.     

Ivor Lewis食管次全切除术和二野淋巴结清扫术及其对预后的影响

目的 :评价食管癌IvorLewis食管次全切除术和胸腹二野淋巴结清扫术的手术方法及其对预后的影响。方法 :从 1997年 3月～ 2 0 0 1年 3月对 35 6例食管胸中下段癌患者经上腹正中切口和右胸后外侧切口行IvorLewis食管次全切除术和胸腹二野淋巴结清扫术 ,食管胃颈部或胸顶器械吻合术。结果 :35 6例患者无围手术期死亡 ,术后并发症低 :吻合口瘘 3例 (0 8% ) ,应激性胃溃疡穿孔 2例 (0 6 % ) ,乳糜胸 2例 (0 6 % ) ,声嘶 5例 (1 4 % ) ,4例 3月后恢复。其余患者术后吞钡复查显示吻合口和幽门通畅。完全随访 346例 (97 2 % ) ,中位生存时间 2 6年 (6 1天 - 5年 ) ,五年生存率 :Ⅰ期 94 2 %、Ⅱa期 81 5 %、Ⅱb期 78 3%、Ⅲ期 36 %、Ⅳ期 0 % ;总体 3年生存率74 5 % ,总体五年生存率 5 5 4 9%。结论 :食管癌IvorLewis食管次全切除术和二野淋巴结清扫术是一种安全的手术 ,术后并发症低 ,远期生存率较高 ,具有一定的推广价值。     

电视辅助胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察

目的 比较电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除与开胸肺叶切除治疗早期非小细胞肺癌的临床效果.方法 收集81例初诊为早期非小细胞肺癌实施手术治疗的患者为研究对象,并将其分为2组:观察组和对照组.观察组给予胸腔镜肺叶切除术,对照组给予开胸肺叶切除术.比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血、术后拔管时间、住院时间及术后并发症情况.定期随访,比较患者术后3个月、6个月、12个月及3年的生活质量及3年生存率.结果 2组患者的手术时间、拔管时间无明显差异(P>0.05),但观察组患者术中出血及住院时间明显低于对照组(P<0.05).观察组患者有7例出现肺部感染,并发症发生率17.1%;对照组患者并发症合计16例,并发症发生率为40.0%.观察组并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P=0.022).术后第3个月、6个月观察组患者的生存质量明显高于对照组(P<0.05),术后第12个月2组患者的生存质量无明显差异(P>0.05).观察组3年生存率为29.3%,对照组的生存率为30.0%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.994).结论 电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌,手术创伤小,术中出血少,术后并发症少,术后生存质量高,术后3年生存率与开胸肺叶切除术无明显差异,近期效果满意.     

Tis/T1期低位直肠癌经肛局部切除临床分析

目的 探讨Tis和T1期直肠癌局部切除术的临床应用价值.方法 分析本组133例Tis和T1期直肠癌患者分别行局部切除(85例)或根治术(48例)的疗效(5年生存率),并观察两种术式的术后并发症和预后.结果 行局部切除术患者的5年生存率分别为90.6%;而行根治术患者的5年生存率为91.7%.两种术式的5年生存率比较,差异无显著性(X2=0.04,P》0.05),且局部切除术的术后并发症的发生率4.7%明显低于根治术(22.9%,X2=10.17,P《0.01).结论 对早期直肠癌行局部切除术,方法简单易行,术后并发症少,能提高患者术后生存质量.选择合适的病人是保证疗效的关键.     

Re-excision of margins before breast radiation-diagnostic or therapeutic?

PURPOSE: To identify factors in breast cancer patients that predict the pathologic results of re-excision for close or positive margins and to determine the effect on local control. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We divided 1,044 patients with Stage I-II breast cancer with a close (< or =2 mm) or positive margin after initial excision into three groups. Group 1 included 199 patients without additional excision, Group 2 included 546 patients with re-excision found to be free of cancer, and Group 3 included 299 patients with re-excision and residual cancer. All patients were treated with radiotherapy with a median follow-up of 6.7 years. RESULTS: The 10-year local control rate was 95% for Group 1 and 94% for Groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.788). Of the 846 patients, 65% had no residual disease on re-excision and 35% did have residual tumor. The factors significantly associated with positive re-excision findings were initial positive margins, positive nodes, Stage T2 tumor, and an extensive intraductal component. The 10-year local control rate was 95% for Group 2 vs. 91% for Group 3 (p = 0.038). CONCLUSION: The low recurrence rates seen in this study suggest that selected patients with non-negative margins, particularly those with a low risk of having residual disease at re-excision, may be treated with radiotherapy.     

Evaluating cognitive complaints in breast cancer survivors with the FACT-Cog and quantitative electroencephalography

Purpose

In contrast to other countries, the Dutch breast cancer guideline does not recommend re-excision for focally positive margins after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in invasive tumor and does recommend whole-breast irradiation including boost. We investigated whether omitting re-excision as compared to performing re-excision affects prognosis with a retrospective population-based cohort study.

Methods

The total cohort included 32,119 women with primary BCS for T1–T3 breast cancer diagnosed between 2003 and 2008 from the nationwide Netherlands cancer registry. The subcohort included 10,433 patients in whom the resection margins were registered. Outcome measures were 5-year ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) rate, 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate, and 10-year overall survival (OS) rate.

Results

In the total cohort, 25,878 (80.6%) did not have re-excision, 2368 (7.4%) had re-excision by BCS, and 3873 (12.1%) had re-excision by mastectomy. Five-year IBTR rates were 2.1, 2.8, and 2.9%, respectively (p = 0.001). In the subcohort, 7820 (75.0%) had negative margins without re-excision, 492 (4.7%) had focally positive margins without re-excision, 586 (5.6%) had focally positive margins and underwent re-excision, and 1535 (14.7%) had extensively positive margins and underwent re-excision. Five-year IBTR rate was 2.3, 2.9, 1.1, and 2.9%, respectively (p = 0.099). Compared to omitting re-excision, performing re-excision for focally positive margins was associated with lower risk of IBTR (adjusted HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.11–0.82), but not with DFS (adjusted HR 0.83 95% CI 0.59–1.17) nor with OS (adjusted HR 1.17 95% CI 0.87–1.59).

Conclusion

Omitting re-excision in breast cancer patients for focally positive margins after BCS does not impair DFS and OS, provided that whole-breast irradiation including boost is given.

     

肺癌根治性袖状切除术对非小细胞肺癌患者炎症因子及预后的影响

目的：研究肺癌根治性袖状切除术对非小细胞肺癌患者炎症因子及预后的影响。方法对60例非小细胞肺癌患者分别采用袖状切除术（观察组）和全肺切除术（对照组）进行治疗,比较2组患者的手术相关信息、术后并发症、术后1、3、5年生存率和手术前后炎症因子等差异。结果观察组在手术时间、手术中出血量和手术后住院时间方面都明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。在术后并发症发生率方面,观察组都明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。观察组术后1、3、5年生存率都比对照组高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。在患者手术前后炎症因子的比较中,2组差异不具有统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论肺癌根治性袖状切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌,效果明显优于全肺切除术,且在对炎症因子的影响少。     

低位直肠癌新辅助治疗达到almost-cCR（near-cCR）的缩小手术和根治术疗效的对照研究

目的:总结低位直肠癌行新辅助治疗原发肿瘤达到almost-cCR(almost-clinical complete response）后，比较缩小手术和根治术两种术式的优缺点。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2018年10月间，辽宁省肿瘤医院大肠科收治的局部晚期低位直肠癌经新辅助治疗原发肿瘤达到almost-cCR（near-cCR）的共35例患者的临床和病理资料。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线。结果:35例病人中，缩小手术组共纳入9例患者，根治术组共纳入26例患者。缩小手术组未出现术后并发症，根治术组3例患者出现术后并发症，发生率11.5%。缩小手术组1年和2年无复发生存率均为100%。根治术组1年和2年无复发生存率分别为96.1%和88.4%。缩小手术组中位DFS和OS均为32.1个月。根治术组中位DFS和OS分别为43.2个月和39.6个月。结论:对于低位直肠癌新辅助治疗达到almost-cCR（near-cCR）的病人，缩小手术组可以取得不亚于根治术组的临床疗效。并且减少手术创伤，改善近期疗效和远期预后。     

复发性肝癌再切除术患者预后因素分析

目的:探讨影响复发性肝癌再切除术的预后因素。方法:回顾性分析41例行再切除术复发性肝癌患者的临床病理资料及随访记录，采用Kaplan-Meier 和Log-rank 对数秩检验对23个临床病理因素进行单因素分析，然后引入Cox 比例风险模型进行多因素分析。另外，对各次术中失血量及手术时间采用单因素方差分析进行比较。结果:再次手术后患者1、3、5 年生存率分别为68% 、36% 、35% ，无瘤生存率分别为39% 、22% 、7% 。影响生存期的独立预后因素为:第1 次手术时门静脉癌栓形成、第1 次手术时肝硬化结节直径大小、第2 次手术切缘距离、第2 次手术后辅助治疗。未得出影响无瘤生存期的独立预后因素。各次术中失血量及手术时间无显著性差异。结论:第1 次手术中合并门静脉癌栓或硬化结节直径较大的患者，行再切除术预后差。第2 次手术中肝切缘距离>1cm或者术后辅以其他综合治疗可以改善患者预后。      

A pilot study of wider use of accelerated partial Breast irradiation: Intraoperative margin-directed re-excision combined with sole high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy

BACKGROUND: Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is generally limited to patients at extremely low risk of local recurrence. The significance of the risk factors, however, depends on the extent of surgery, radiation, and systemic therapy. In Japan, wide excision is generally supplemented by intraoperative margin-directed re-excision if the frozen section examination yields positive results. This approach combined with conventional radiotherapy achieved an excellent 10-year local control rate of 93%, and young age and ductal carcinoma in situ were not risk factors for local recurrence. To reduce the treatment duration, high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy (HDRIB) was employed. The first APBI phase I / II trial in Japan was conducted to determine if wider indications for early breast cancer patients were appropriate. METHODS: The subjects comprised 20 patients including those with extensive intraductal component (n=7), ductal carcinoma in situ (n=2), positive final margins (n=3), and of younger age (< or = 45 years; n=5). Breast-conserving surgery using an intraoperative re-excision approach was followed by intraoperative implantation of applicators. Sole HDRIB of a 36-42 Gy in 6-7 fractions was delivered postoperatively over 3-4 days. Tumors were staged as follows: cT1 (n=12), cT2 (n=8), cN0 (n=20). Systemic therapy was used in 16 patients (80%). The median follow-up period was 52 months (range, 26-86 months). RESULTS: Te five-year crude local, distant control, and Kaplan-Meier cause-specific survival rates were 95%, 95%, and 89%, respectively. Fat necrosis developed in 1 patient. CONCLUSIONS: Sole HDRIB with intraoperative margin-directed re-excision was feasible under wider indications compared to other contemporary APBI series, and achieved acceptable and similar results to these series in terms of the local control rate and complications.     

扩大切除加广泛淋巴结清扫治疗T3～4N2M0期肺癌的体会与评价

目的 总结已有外侵的巨大肺癌肿块（T3－4）及纵隔淋巴结阳性（N2）的手术切除经验,观察远期疗效,分析临床意义。方法 131例T3－4N2M0期肺癌肺叶切除时,分别扩大切除外侵组织,切除一侧整个纵隔胸膜及脂肪,广泛清扫纵隔内淋巴结。结果 肿瘤切除后打破了机体的免疫封闭状态,3年生存率鳞癌达34．0％,腺癌为18．0％。综合治疗组与单纯手术组相比,3,5年生存率均较低,差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。纵隔淋巴结阳性的T3－4期肿瘤扩大切除广泛淋巴结清扫后再行综合治疗,效果不佳。结论 扩大切除加广泛淋巴结清扫治疗T3－4N2M0期肺癌降低了手术探查率,提高了手术切除率,但扩大手术指征仍需谨慎选择。     

Two cases with atypical metastasis in colorectal cancer: splenic and renal metastasis

Atypical metastasis, such as splenic and renal metastasis is rare in colorectal cancer. There have been case reports of colorectal cancer patients with isolated splenic metastasis, even after years of surgery in the literature. AIM: To report two colorectal cancer cases with atypical metastasis. RESULTS: The first patient was a 58-year old man who had isolated splenic metastasis after 20 months of surgery. The other one was a 51-year old male patient with both lung and renal metastasis at rectal cancer diagnosis. Splenic and renal metastases have been histopathologically documented in both of them. The first patient was given chemotherapy after splenectomy. The other one had also multiple lung metastases besides renal metastasis. He received palliative chemotherapy.