护牙素在正畸治疗中对减少牙齿脱矿及促进再矿化的功效研究

目的评价Tooth Mousse护牙素对减少离体牛牙粘接托槽周围的釉质脱矿及促进再矿化的功效。方法将60颗粘接托槽的离体牛牙随机分成实验组、阳性对照组和阴性对照组,分别在牙面上涂擦Tooth Mousse护牙素、Duraphat氟保护漆和蒸馏水。将3组样本轮流放置入人工致龋液和人工唾液中浸泡,然后使用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针检测。结果偏光显微镜下观察,实验组釉质表面完整,主要表现为以脱矿为主的正性双折射区明显减少;扫描电镜观察实验组釉质表面有大量的矿物质沉积,填补釉质表面局限性的小凹陷;电子探针检测结果显示,实验组釉质表面钙、磷含量明显高于阴性对照组（P<0.05）,与阳性对照组之间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论Tooth Mousse护牙素在体外实验模型中能使牛釉质在人工致龋环境中减少脱矿和促进再矿化。     

液体抛光剂和护牙素预防托槽周围釉质脱矿效果的体外研究

目的 对比研究BISCOVER LV液体抛光剂和Tooth Mousse护牙素对托槽周围牙釉质脱矿后促进其再矿化的效果.方法 将60颗离体牙粘接托槽后随机分为3组,分别涂上液体抛光剂、护牙素以及蒸馏水,将离体牙轮流放置于人工唾液和人工致龋液中浸泡,模拟患者进食的状态,90 d后使用显微硬度仪以及扫描电镜检测托槽周围牙釉质表面硬度以及形态的变化.结果 3组牙釉质脱矿后的显微硬度值差异具有统计学意义(F=507.50,P<0.05),两两比较结果显示:实验组和阳性对照组牙釉质显微硬度值之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而实验组牙釉质显微硬度值高于阴性对照组,以及阳性对照组牙釉质显微硬度值高于阴性对照组,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).扫描电镜显示实验组牙釉质超微结构表面反应物沉积增多,空隙变小,牙釉质再矿化现象明显.结论 在正畸治疗中使用BISCOVER LV液体抛光剂和Tooth Mousse护牙素均可有效防止托槽周围牙釉质脱矿,两者在临床上的使用可视患者的配合程度而定.     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对乳牙早期釉质龋的再矿化作用

目的 通过体外实验研究,观察天然药物表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对乳牙早期釉质龋的再矿化作用.方法 将门诊因乳牙滞留拔除的上颌乳中切牙30颗按照随机数字表分为3组,实验组(表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯组)、阳性对照组(NaF组)和空白对照组(人工唾液组),每组10颗,进行体外实验.采用显微硬度计测定标本脱矿前后和pH循环后的硬度值,扫描电镜观察乳牙釉质块再矿化后表面形态结构的改变.结果 pH循环后3组乳牙釉质块表面显微硬度组间两两比较差异均具有统计学意义(F=1199.975,P<0.05),阳性对照组和实验组较空白对照组乳牙釉质龋的表面显微硬度高(q=41.986,P<0.05vs实验组;q=68.174,P<0.05vs阳性对照组),但表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯再矿化效果较NaF低(q=26.188,P<0.05).扫描电镜的结果显示,实验组和阳性对照组在乳牙釉质表面均有大量沉积物存在,空白对照组的乳牙釉质表面呈蜂窝状,凹凸不平,沉积物较少.结论 表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯在体外实验的研究中,具有促进乳牙早期人工釉质龋再矿化的作用.     

奥乐V护牙剂对早期釉质龋再矿化作用的研究

目的 观察奥乐V护牙剂对早期釉质龋的再矿化作用。方法 将50个牛牙釉质块建立人工龋模型后随机分为5组：奥乐V护牙剂组、GC护牙素组、氟化钠（NaF）组、奥乐V护牙剂+NaF组、去离子水（DDW）组,分别进入 pH循环模型。采用显微硬度计测定各组标本脱矿前和pH循环后的釉质表面硬度值,扫描电镜观察各组再矿化后釉 质表面形态结构的改变。结果 各实验组经再矿化处理后其表面显微硬度均明显提高（P<0.001）,奥乐V护牙剂组再矿化后其表面显微硬度低于NaF组（P<0.001）,但与GC护牙素组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;再矿化后奥乐V护牙剂组釉质表面有较大颗粒沉积。结论 奥乐V护牙剂具有促早期人工釉质龋再矿化的作用。     

含多肽因子牙膏对牙釉质抗酸蚀作用的体外研究

目的观察含多肽因子牙膏对牙釉质抗酸饮作用的效果。方法在体外pH循环环境中.用含多肽因子的牙膏处理28枚正常离体牙釉质片.通过显微硬度测定和偏光显微镜等.分析多肽因子牙膏对牙釉质的抗酸蚀作用效果。结果徐用多肽因子牙膏组的牙釉质硬度较对照组高（P＜0.0001）。偏光显微镜观察.其实验组总的脱矿程度小于对照组。结论含多肽因子牙膏对牙釉质具有一定的抗酸蚀作用。     

氟对脱矿和再矿化牙釉质表面的影响

目的研究氟对脱矿和再矿化牙釉质表面的影响,探讨氟防龋的作用机理。方法将牛牙釉质标本分为空白对照组（A组）、非氟化组（B组）、低氟化组（C组）和高氟化组（D组）4组,其中低氟化组和高氟化组依次进行氟化实验、脱矿实验和pH循环再矿化实验,非氟化组只进行脱矿实验和pH循环再矿化实验,空白对照组不做处理。在体视显微镜、显微硬度计和扫描电镜下观察各组釉质表面的形态变化,同时测量分析釉质表面显微硬度。结果氟化牙釉质的表面微观形态显著不同,其脱矿损害具有相对完整的表层;氟化组在氟化、脱矿和再矿化后与非氟化组相比,表面显微硬度均有统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论氟化牙釉质可增强牙釉质的抗龋能力和再矿化效能。     

护牙素对放射线照射下牙釉质显微硬度的影响

目的:探讨护牙素对放射线照射下釉质脱矿与再矿化的影响。方法:挑选佛山市第一人民医院医院口腔医学中心因正畸减数拔除的上颌第一前磨牙40颗,分开颊舌两侧,制成80个釉质块,随机分为A、B、C、D组,采用Co-60放疗仪在20℃对每个釉质表面进行放射线照射。A组为单纯照射组,直接采用放射线照射开窗区;B组为涂膜照射组,照射前先在开窗区涂上护牙素,再进行放射线照射,照射结束后去离子水冲洗釉质面;C组为照射后再矿化组,放射线照射开窗区6周后再应用护牙素,30min/d,持续4周;D组为对照组,只在相同环境中保存,开窗区表面不做任何处理。处理前后分别测量各组的显微硬度值。采用SPSS16.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果:4组样本按照相应的处理方式处理后,测量结果显示单纯照射组的牙釉质表面HV明显低于其它3组(P<0.05),而涂膜照射组和照射后再矿化组的HV与对照组没有显著差异。结论:应用护牙素能够有效地预防放射线所致的釉质脱矿,并能促进釉质再矿化。     

氟保护漆对正畸牙釉质脱矿影响的研究

目的探讨含氟保护漆对正畸牙齿托槽周围釉质脱矿的影响。方法选用临床需拔牙正畸患者(至少拔除2颗前磨牙者),同一患者的前磨牙随机分为2组,观察组在其托槽周围牙面涂布含氟保护漆,对照组不加任何处理。85～95 d后,临床观察实验牙有无脱矿,同时,拔除受试牙,显微硬度计测定釉质脱矿的程度,偏光显微镜观察釉质脱矿病损的分布并测量龋损深度,扫描电镜观察表面形貌改变。结果实验组脱矿率为11.1%,对照组脱矿率为44.4%(P<0.05);观察组显微硬度高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组样本出现明显的釉质脱矿,龋损的平均深度为(80.35±5.42)μm,而实验组中龋损的平均深度仅为(40.24±2.76)μm,两者有统计学差异(P<0.05)。扫描电镜下对照组出现了典型的脱矿结构,表面呈现孔隙凹坑的不规则外形,而处理组表面较为完整。结论氟保护漆能有效地防治正畸治疗中釉质的脱矿。     

氟化物涂膜对正畸固定矫治中牙釉质脱矿影响的SEM研究

目的：采用扫描电镜（SEM）观察氟化物涂膜对抑制离体牙牙釉质脱矿及促进再矿化的功效。方法：选择因正畸需要拔除的前磨牙15颗,经37％磷酸处理,制备人工釉质脱矿标本,并用氟化物涂膜进行表面处理。采用SEM对标本脱矿前（对照组）,脱矿后（脱矿组）以及氟化物涂膜治疗后（治疗组）的表面形貌进行观察分析。结果：对照组与脱矿组之间、脱矿组与治疗组之间形态学存在显著差异,而对照组与治疗组之间形态学差异相对较小。结论：氟化物涂膜可有效改善釉质脱矿后的牙齿脱矿形貌。     

局部应用氟化物对果汁饮料导致年轻恒牙牙釉质脱矿的影响

目的:比较局部应用氟化物处理年轻恒牙牙釉质后,釉质表面抵抗果汁类饮料酸蚀及脱矿牙釉质再矿化的变化.方法:采用维氏显微硬度仪,观测年轻恒牙牙釉质经果汁饮料浸泡后再经氟化物局部处理,或用0.1%NaF溶液及含氟牙膏处理后再经饮料浸泡的表面显微硬度(SMH)变化;应用扫描电镜(SEM)观察各实验组牙釉质表面形态的变化;采用Roche生化分析仪,测定恒牙牙釉质饮料处理前后饮料中钙、磷含量的变化;采用SPSS15.0软件包中的单因素方差分析法进行统计学分析.结果:果汁饮料浸泡后,可导致年轻恒牙牙釉质钙、磷溶出和表面显微硬度下降;果汁饮料侵蚀后再经氟化物局部处理的年轻恒牙,釉质的显微硬度显著增加(P<0.05):氟化物及含氟牙膏处理釉质表面后再经果汁饮料浸泡,则釉质的钙、磷溶出和表面显微硬度的下降显著减少(P<0.05).扫描电镜下可见各实验组釉质表面经饮料及各种氟化物处理后呈现不同程度的釉质溶解和再矿化.结论:果汁类饮料会导致牙釉质脱矿.而在釉质表面应用氟化物,能增强牙釉质抵抗饮料的酸蚀,并能促进酸蚀后的牙釉质再矿化.     

人氟斑牙早期龋再矿化的初步研究

目的研究离体氟斑牙早期龋模型经再矿化处理后,釉质表面显微硬度及微观形貌的变化。方法应用离体氟斑牙制备釉质样本40个,经酸蚀凝胶人工龋实验脱矿后,1.0%酪蛋白磷酸肽-磷酸钙（CPP-CP）再矿化液再矿化。采用显微硬度计测定各样本脱矿前后及再矿化后的显微硬度值。采用体视显微镜、偏光显微镜、透射显微镜以及扫描电镜观察釉质表面微观形貌。结果脱矿前,釉质表面显微硬度值为（241.53±21.31）kHV;脱矿后,表面显微硬度下降到（175.76±24.99）kHV（P＜0.05）。其表面硬度损失百分比（%SMHD）为（27.23±4.79）％,表现为类似早期龋的表层下脱矿;再矿化后,表面显微硬度提高到（210.17±21.48）kHV（P＜0.05）,其表面显微硬度恢复的百分比（%SMHR）为（52.32±4.23）％,主要表现为表层下再矿化。结论再矿化处理对治疗氟斑牙早期龋有较好的临床效果。     

Remineralization effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate crème on artificial early enamel lesions of primary teeth

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2011 Background. Caries in children younger than 72 months is called early childhood caries (ECC). Sixty‐six per cent of Chinese children younger than 5 years old have dental decay, and about 97% of them are untreated. Aims. This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the remineralization effects of the casein phosphopeptide‐amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP‐ACP) crème on the artificial early enamel lesions of the primary teeth and to assess its caries‐prevention efficiency. Design. Enamel specimens with artificial early lesions were produced and were then randomly divided into Group A: distilled and deionized water, DDW, as negative control; Group B: CPP‐ACP crème, test group; Group C: 500 ppm NaF solution, as positive control. The enamel surface microhardness (SMH) was measured before, after demineralization, and 30 days after remineralization. The results were analysed with the SPSS 13.0 software package. The enamel specimens were analysed by the scanning electron microscope. Results. The CPP‐ACP crème increased SMH of the eroded enamel significantly more than 500 ppm NaF solution did. The morphology of the enamel was different in each group. Conclusions. The CPP‐ACP crème is effective in remineralizing early enamel lesions of the primary teeth, a little more effective than 500 ppm NaF and can be used for the prevention of ECC.     

In vitro study of the effects of fluoride-releasing dental materials on remineralization in an enamel erosion model

ObjectivesThis study was conducted to compare the remineralization effects of five regimens on the loss of fluorescence intensity, surface microhardness, roughness and microstructure of bovine enamel after remineralization. We hope that these results can provide some basis for the clinical application of these materials.MethodsOne hundred bovine incisors were prepared and divided into the following five groups, which were treated with distinct dental materials: (1) Clinpro? XT varnish (CV), (2) F-varnish (FV), (3) Tooth Mousse (TM), (4) Fuji III LC^® light-cured glass ionomer pit and fissure sealant (FJ) and (5) Base Cement^® glass polyalkenoate cement (BC). Subsequently, they were detected using four different methods: quantitative light-induced fluorescence, microhardness, surface 3D topography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsThe loss of fluorescence intensity of CV, BC and FJ groups showed significant decreases after remineralization (p < 0.05). The microhardness values of the BC group were significantly higher than those of the other groups (p < 0.05) after 6 weeks of remineralization. The CV group's surface roughness was significantly lower than those of the other groups after 6 weeks of remineralization (p < 0.05). Regarding microstructure values, the FV group showed many round particles deposited in the bovine enamel after remineralization. However, the other four groups mainly showed needle-like crystals.ConclusionsGlass ionomer cement (GIC)-based dental materials can promote more remineralization of the artificial enamel lesions than can NaF-based dental materials. Resin-modified GIC materials (e.g., CV and FJ) have the potential for more controlled and sustained release of remineralized agents. The effect of TM requires further study.     

The effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on remineralization of artificial caries-like lesions: an in vitro study

BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to investigate the efficacy of CPP-ACP containing Tooth Mousse on the remineralization of enamel lesions and to compare its efficacy to that of a fluoride-containing toothpaste. METHODS: Permanent teeth were placed in demineralizing solution for 96 hours to produce artificial caries-like lesions 120-200 microm in depth. They were sectioned into 100-150 microm thick samples and randomly assigned to five groups: for Group A, a fluoridated toothpaste (1100 ppm) was used as a positive control and in Group B, a non-fluoridated toothpaste was used as a negative control. Tooth Mousse containing CPP-ACP was tested by three different means: as a toothpaste (Group C); as a topical coating (Group D); and (Group E) as a topical coating after treating the sections with the same fluoridated toothpaste as in Group A. RESULTS: The lesion depth decreased significantly by 7 per cent in Group A, 10.1 per cent in Groups C and D, and 13.1 per cent in Group E (Paired t- test, p < 0.05), while in Group B the lesion depth increased significantly by 23 per cent. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the data obtained, CPP-ACP containing Tooth Mousse remineralized initial enamel lesions and it showed a higher remineralizing potential when applied as a topical coating after the use of a fluoridated toothpaste.     

Protective effect on enamel demineralization of a CPP–ACP paste: an AFM in vitro study

Objectives

The aim of the present in vitro study was the evaluation of a CPP–ACP paste (Tooth Mousse) on preventing dental erosion produced by a soft drink (Coca Cola), using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).

Methods

Thirty extracted human central incisors free of caries were selected and divided in a treatment and a control half. The treatment halves were divided in three groups—group 1: demineralization with soft drink (4 intervals of 2 min); group 2: demineralization with soft drink (4 intervals of 2 min) plus Tooth Mousse; group 3: intact enamel plus Tooth Mousse. In groups 2 and 3 Tooth Mousse was applied for 3 min at 0, 8, 24 and 36 h. The surface of each specimen was imaged by AFM and R_rms values were registered.

Results

Among treatment specimens of groups 1 and 2, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) in R_rms values was registered: treatment of the specimens with CPP–ACP paste had a protective effect on enamel demineralization. In group 3 no statistically significant difference was registered between exposed and not exposed halves of the specimens.

Conclusions

The use of a CPP–ACP paste had a protective effect on enamel demineralization in an in vitro model.