125I粒子植入治疗宫颈癌放疗后复发腹膜后淋巴结转移10例

目的 探讨CT引导下放射性125I粒子植入治疗宫颈癌放疗后复发腹膜后淋巴结转移初步疗效.方法 选取2011年11月至2015年10月宫颈癌放疗后复发腹膜后淋巴结转移10例患者,12个病灶,垂直径1.7 cm×1.0 cm～6.5 cm×5.0 cm,其中直径＜5.0 cm、≥5.0 cm的淋巴结分别为6个(50％)、6个(50％).应用近距离治疗计划系统(TPS)制定治疗计划,CT引导下植入125I粒子,活度0.3～0.7 mCi,术后验证D90(90％靶体积所接受的最小剂量):36～110 Gy(中位59 Gy).术后观察病灶大小变化、疼痛缓解情况及并发症.结果 10例患者随访时间4.3～16.1个月,中位随访时间9.7个月,2个月局部控制率100％、有效率58.3％,2、6、12个月生存率分别为100％、66.7％、58.3％,中位生存时间12.1个月.1例患者术后5个月死于消化道出血,6例死于肿瘤转移,3例患者生存并未见粒子植入部位复发,未见其他部位大出血、肠道感染、骨髓抑制等粒子相关严重并发症.结论 CT引导下125I粒子植入治疗宫颈癌放疗后复发腹膜后淋巴结转移取得了较满意的近期疗效,是一种安全可行的方法.     

CT导引125I粒子植入治疗肝门部胆管癌支架置入后的应用

目的 探讨CT导引经皮穿刺植入125I粒子治疗肝门部胆管癌支架置入术后的可行性、有效性及并发症.方法 17例肝门部胆管癌患者在胆管内支架置入缓解黄疸后,在CT引导下将125I粒子植入胆管癌病灶内.125I粒子活度2.59×107 Bq(0.7mCi),PD110Gy.术前通过放射性粒子治疗计划系统TPS(treatment planning system)布源,在CT导引下采取粒子间隔0.5～1.0cm,后退式平面植入.术后分别于3个月、6个月和12个月观察病人的客观疗效、胆管内支架通畅情况及手术并发症.结果 所有患者未出现严重并发症.17例患者术后3月,CR1例(5.9％),PR11例(64.7％),NC3例(17.6％),PD2例(11.8％).粒子植入术后3个月时未出现再梗阻;12个月存活的患者(10例)1例出现再梗阻.6个月和12个月生存率分别为82.3％和58.9％,中位生存时间为12个月.结论 CT导引经皮穿刺植入125I粒子治疗支架植入术后的肝门部胆管癌疗效确切,明显减少胆管内支架再梗阻的几率,且无明显副作用,值得进一步探讨.     

CT引导下125Ⅰ粒子植入治疗难治性盆腔恶性肿瘤

目的评价CT引导下^125I粒子组织间植入治疗盆腔难治性恶性肿瘤的临床疗效,探讨粒子植入技术。方法23例盆腔恶性肿瘤,均为术后复发接受化疗和（或）根治量放疗肿瘤仍进展患者,瘤体最大径3.5—7．0cm,平均4．5cm。粒子植入术前1～3d行模拟CT扫描,采用治疗计划系统（TPS）制定粒子植入计划,根据处方剂量求出术中所需^125I粒子的总活度并算出治疗粒子数量。在CT引导下经皮穿刺植入^125I粒子。其中6例患者粒子植入前或后接受髂内动脉灌注化疗。结果单个瘤体内首次植入粒子数为9～75粒,平均27粒。6例接受髂内动脉灌注化疗共14个疗程。粒子植入术后72h～4周,下肢疼痛和（或）肛门、会阴周围疼痛坠胀不适,完全缓解5例,部分缓解11例,有效率69．6％（16／23）。术后随访2～34个月,中位随访21个月,部分缓解（PR）18例;无变化（SD）4例;进展（PD）1例,总有效率78．3％（18／23）。死亡3例,存活20例,最长生存时间34个月。结论CT引导下^125I粒子植入对盆腔难治性恶性肿瘤安全、有效。     

CT引导下125I放射性粒子组织间植入治疗纵隔转移性淋巴结

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺125I放射性粒子植入治疗纵隔转移性淋巴结的技术方法、安全性及临床价值.方法 应用125I放射性粒子组织间种植治疗纵隔淋巴结转移患者8例,所有患者采用前路进针途径穿刺,按照病灶与体表穿刺点的位置设定CT机架的角度,采用多方位重组技术及平头针芯捻压分离主动脉、上腔静脉间隙进针法植入125I放射性粒子.疗效评价采用术后治疗计划系统(TPS),验证放射性粒子种植后剂量分布,观察治疗后患者局部压迫症状(气短、咳嗽、吞咽困难等)的改善情况及粒子植入术后2个月靶淋巴结的局部反应,并记录并发症情况.结果 植入术后粒子覆盖率为(93.5 ±1.5)％.术后2个月复查,其中完全缓解(CR)3例,部分缓解(PR)4例,病灶稳定(SD)1例.5例气短、4例咳嗽和吞咽困难等局部压迫症状均有不同程度减轻,未出现头颈部及上肢水肿.术后无严重并发症发生;无大血管、气管、食管损伤,1例出现少量气胸.结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺组织间放射性粒子植入治疗纵隔4R区肿瘤转移性淋巴结,疗效肯定、安全可靠,为常规治疗局部压迫症状较严重的复杂部位淋巴结转移,提供了一种新的微创治疗方法.     

CT引导下植入125I 放射性粒子治疗后腹膜转移淋巴结的临床应用

目的 探讨CT引导下125I 放射性粒子植入治疗后腹膜转移淋巴结的临床疗效. 方法对25例后腹膜淋巴结转移的患者做了CT引导下植入125I 放射性粒子治疗.采用计算机治疗系统(treatment planning system,TPS)重建肿瘤的三维立体图像,计算出125I粒子植入的数量和剂量分布率.结果 全组25例治疗后随访2～30个月,中位生存时间为19个月,术后患者顽固性疼痛症状明显缓解(P<0.05),Karnofsky评分显著提高(P<0.05).平均术后2～5 d疼痛开始缓解.术后2个月CT随访,肿瘤完全缓解(CR)7例,部分缓解(PR)13例,无变化(NC)4例,进展(PD)1例.总有效率(CR+PR)为80%.中位生存时间为25.5个月,1、2年生存率分别为92%和36%.5例患者死亡因全身衰竭或其他部位转移,与已治疗的淋巴结转移灶无确切关系.所有患者随访过程中未见放射性粒子移位,2例患者术后1周显示局部皮肤红肿,对症处理后好转.结论 CT引导下植入125I 放射性粒子治疗后腹膜转移淋巴结,近期疗效确切,具有很好的姑息止痛疗效.     

~(125)I粒子CT导向植入治疗恶性肿瘤多发腹膜后淋巴结转移

目的：探讨125I粒子CT导向植入治疗恶性肿瘤多发腹膜后淋巴结转移的临床疗效及安全性。方法：根据放射性粒子植入计划系统（TPS系统）,通过CT引导对33例患者共50组腹膜后淋巴结转移灶穿刺植入125I粒子,植入数量根据每个淋巴结转移灶的大小计算。术后1个月复查CT或MRI,测量转移灶大小变化情况,并通过判断疼痛程度评定患者生活质量变化情况。结果：50组腹膜后淋巴结转移灶均成功植入125I粒子;每组淋巴结转移灶植入10～100粒,平均46粒。术后1个月疗效评价：肿瘤完全缓解（CR）22组,部分缓解（PR）23组,无变化（NC）5组,无进展病例。125I粒子植入治疗有效率90.0%。疼痛缓解情况：术后1周疼痛明显缓解,24例中重度疼痛患者中20例明显或部分缓解,缓解率83.3%。术后随访3～20个月,3个月内无死亡病例,无严重不良反应。结论：CT引导下125I粒子植入治疗恶性肿瘤腹膜后淋巴结转移是短期疗效肯定而且安全的方法。     

CT导向下人工气胸后125I粒子植入治疗纵隔淋巴结转移的临床应用

目的 探讨CT导向下人工气胸后125I粒子植入治疗纵隔淋巴结转移的可行性和局部疗效.方法 39例纵隔淋巴结转移的患者,男26例,女13例,平均年龄(59.4±10.6)岁.病灶大小为2～6.5 cm.全部患者均先行人工气胸,再行CT导向下125I粒子植入治疗.结果 39例患者均成功行人工气胸,平均注入气体600 ml(400～1000 ml),人工气胸平均用时12 min(5～18 min).125I粒子植入平均用时95 min(60～150 min),平均植入125I粒子34粒(15～60粒),并发症发生率为2.6%.治疗后1、3、6个月有效率(CR+PR)分别为69.23%、74.35%、82.05%.结论 CT导向下人工气胸后125I粒子植入治疗纵隔淋巴结转移可行、有效.     

进展期非小细胞肺癌125I粒子植入前后CEA、CYFRA21-1变化与临床疗效评估

目的 观察CT引导下125I放射性粒子组织间植入治疗进展期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床疗效及125I粒子植入前后血清癌胚抗原(CEA)和细胞角质素片段抗原(CYFRA21-1)的动态水平.方法 对28例不能手术切除的进展期NSCLC患者施行CT引导下植入125I放射性粒子,并用放射免疫方法测定125I放射性粒子植入治疗前后的患者血清CEA和CYFRA21-1水平.结果 治疗后随访1～37个月,全组中位生存时间为17个月,1、2和3年生存率分别为72.0％、30.8％、6.2％.中位局部控制时间为15.5个月,1年、2年的年局部控制率分别为58.0％、20.3％.125I粒子植入后1、3个月,患者血清中CEA和CYFRA21-1水平与植入前比较有明显下降(P＜0.05).治疗后CEA降低组死亡率53.9％,升高组死亡率86.7％ (P=0.055);治疗后CYFRA21-1降低组死亡率36.4％,升高组死亡率94.1％ (P=0.001).结论 CT引导下植入125I放射性粒子治疗进展期NSCLC,临床近期疗效确切,是一种安全、有效、并发症少的介入治疗方法;且能有效降低CEA和CYFRA21-1水平,肿瘤标志物水平的监测有助于预测患者的预后.     

胆道支架联合125I粒子植入术治疗肝门区肿瘤合并梗阻性黄疸

目的 探讨胆道支架联合125I粒子植入术治疗肝门区肿瘤合并梗阻性黄疸的疗效.方法 回顾性分析研究行介入治疗的65例肝门区肿瘤并梗阻性黄疸患者,36例(对照组)单纯行胆道支架术;29例(观察组)联合CT引导下125I粒子植入肝门区肿瘤.结果 2个月后,根据mRECIST标准计算近期有效率,观察组65.5％ (PR 19例,CR 0例)明显优于对照组11.1％(PR 4例,CR0例)(P＜0.05).支架术后4个月内两组再梗阻率无差异(P＞0.5),而4个月后对照组明显高于观察组(P＜0.05).支架平均通畅时间:观察组(8.9±0.7)个月较对照组(6.3±0.5)个月长(P＜0.05).中位生存时间:观察组(12.0±1.1)个月较对照组(8.1±0.7)个月延长(P＜0.05).多因素分析显示:肝门区继发肿瘤(P=0.01);肝功能Child-Pugh分级(P=0.03);功能状态评分(PS评分)(P=0.00)是患者生存时间独立的预后因素.支架植入术和125I粒子植入术均未出现严重并发症.结论 肝门区肿瘤合并梗阻性黄疸,胆道支架联合125I粒子瘤内照射的临床疗效优于单纯胆道支架组,且安全可行.     

CT引导下125I粒子植入近距离治疗骨转移瘤(附24例报告)

目的:探讨CT引导下125I粒子植入对骨转移瘤进行近距离放疗的可行性、安全性及其疗效.方法:24例骨转移瘤患者(26个病灶),术前依据CT图像应用计算机治疗计划系统制定粒子植入计划,按治疗计划在CT引导下穿刺植入125I粒子,粒子植入数量6～40颗(中位数16颗).植入术后立即CT扫描及2～8个月CT扫描观察粒子在瘤体内的分布、有无并发症发生及疗效.结果:24例患者均成功植入,未见并发症和治疗相关的放射损伤.24h内100%疼痛完全减轻;随诊CT检查示24例的26个病灶中粒子植入后2个病灶消失,18个病灶明显缩小,4个病灶大小无明显变化,只有2个病灶增大.植入术前及植入术后随诊显示病灶平均直径分别为4.39cm和3.14cm(P=0.0059,P＜0.05).结论:CT引导下经皮穿刺125I粒子植入近距离放射治疗骨转移瘤具有微创、安全、高效等优点,可作为骨转移瘤的治疗方法.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.