辛工他汀和非诺贝特对混合型高血脂症的疗效比较

目的：研究辛作他汀对半有血清甘油三酯升高的高胆固醇血症患的调脂作用。方法：３８例混合型高血脂患被随机分为辛伐他汀（１０ｍｇ,１次／日）组,非诺贝特（１００ｍｇ,３次／日）组。结果：①服药后４周,辛伐他汀和非诺贝特均能降低ＴＣ,（Ｐ〈０．０１,〈０．０５）;②辛伐他汀降低血清ＬＤＬ－Ｃ的作用强于非诺贝特（Ｐ〈０．０２）;③辛伐他汀明显降低ＴＧ（Ｐ〈０．０１）,增加Ａｐｏ－Ａ１（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结     

血脂康和辛伐他汀对高胆固醇血症调脂作用的比较

目的研究血脂康对高胆固醇血症患者的调脂作用并与辛伐他汀比较。方法２８例高胆固醇血症患者随机分为两组，服药前及服药后４、８周测定血脂。结果（１）服药后４周ＴＣ分别降低了２０７％和２２５％（Ｐ值均＜０００１）；血脂康降低血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬＣ）作用与辛伐他汀相似，ＬＤＬＣ水平分别降低了２８２％和３３％（Ｐ值均＜００１）；（２）血脂康明显降低１７４％的血清ＴＧ水平（Ｐ＜００５）；（３）服血脂康和辛伐他汀４周后，载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）Ａ１却分别增加了１２７％和１３６％（Ｐ值均＜００１）；ＡｐｏＢ水平均下降了８％左右（Ｐ＜００５）；分别使脂蛋白（ａ）［Ｌｐ（ａ）］水平降低了３１３％（Ｐ＜００１）和２７８％（Ｐ＜００５）；（４）除了治疗８周后Ｌｐ（ａ）水平进一步下降外，两种药物治疗８周后的调脂作用与４周比较无明显差异。结论血脂康能显著降低Ⅱａ和Ⅱｂ型高胆固醇血症患者血清ＴＣ和ＬＤＬＣ，其作用与辛伐他汀相等；血脂康降低ＴＧ作用优于辛伐他汀     

2型糖尿病患者脂质代谢改变的临床意义

对２７６例２例糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）患者的甘油三酯（ＴＧ）,总胆固醇（ＴＣ）,载脂蛋白Ａ１和Ｂ（ＡｐｏＡ１,ＡｐｏＢ）,高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）,低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）脂蛋白（ａ）（Ｌｐ（ａ）进行了检测,并与１８９例正常人（对照组）作对照,结果ＮＩＤＤＭ组ＴＧ,ＴＣ,ＡｐｏＢ,ＬＤＬ,Ｌｐ（ａ）,明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＨＤＬ明显低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,两组ＡｐｏＡ１无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０     

国产洛伐他汀对高脂血症患者血脂代谢的影响

目的：研究国产洛伐他汀对高脂血症患者血脂代谢的影响。方法：将１２０例患者随机分为洛伐他汀组（ｎ＝８０）及美降之组（ｎ＝４０），分别口服国产洛伐他汀及进口洛伐他汀（美降之），每次２０ｍｇ，每日２次，服用８周。观察用药４周及８周患者血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、（ＴＣ－ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、甘油三酯、载脂蛋白ＡⅠ（ＡｐｏＡⅠ）、载脂蛋白Ｂ１００（ＡｐｏＢ１００）及ＡｐｏＡⅠ／ＡｐｏＢ１００变化。结果：服用国产洛伐他汀４周及８周可分别使患者血清ＴＣ降低２３．０％及２７．３％，ＬＤＬ－Ｃ降低２７．９％及３４．１％，高甘油三酯血症患者甘油三酯水平降低２１．６％及２６．２％；ＨＤＬ－Ｃ升高９．１％及１０．１％，（ＴＣ－ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ降低２９．６％及３７．１％。血清ＡｐｏＢ１００降低９．６％及１５．５％，ＡｐｏＡⅠ升高１８．９％及１４．５％，ＡｐｏＡⅠ／ＡｐｏＢ１００升高３９．９％及４４．９％。服药４周即有明显疗效。结论：国产洛伐他汀调血脂作用疗效肯定，与其相应进口产品美降之比较基本相同     

非诺贝特对高甘油三酯合并低高密度脂蛋白冠心病患者前列环素活性的影响

目的观察冠心病合并高甘油三酯（ＴＧ），低高密度脂蛋白－胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）血症患者应用非诺贝特治疗后，其血清对前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）生物活性的影响。方法选择冠心病组和正常组各２０例，以ＰＧＩ２对二磷酸腺苷（ＡＤＰ）诱导的血小板聚集的抑制率作为ＰＧＩ２生物活性的指标，在冠心病组服用非诺贝特前及一个月后，比较两组患者的血清对ＰＧＩ２生物活性的影响及与血脂的关系。结果实验发现，在应用非诺贝特治疗前，冠心病组血清对ＰＧＩ２生物活性的稳定作用明显低于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。应用非诺贝特治疗１个月后，冠心病组的血ＴＧ水平显著降低（Ｐ＜０．００１），血ＨＤＬ－Ｃ水平显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；同时，冠心病组血清对ＰＧＩ２的稳定作用与正常组相比不再有显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论本实验进一步证实了ＨＤＬ－Ｃ对ＰＧＩ２的保护作用。因低ＨＤＬ－Ｃ血症是冠心病的危险因子，因而其降低ＰＧＩ２生物活性从而增加血小板聚集很可能是其作用机制的一部分。经过调脂治疗后，升高血ＨＤＬ－Ｃ水平，恢复ＨＤＬ－Ｃ对ＰＧＩ２的保护作用对防止粥样斑块破裂和减少急性冠状动脉综合征的发生可能起重要作用。     

载脂蛋白A多态性在老年冠心病中检测的临床意义

目的探讨老年冠心病（ＣＨＤ）和健康老年人载脂蛋白Ａ（ＡｐｏＡ）异构体多态性表型、脂蛋白（ａ）［Ｌｐ（ａ）］及血脂水平的临床关系。方法检测１０４例老年ＣＨＤ患者（陈旧性心肌梗塞３１例，稳定型心绞痛３８例，心律失常型２０例，心力衰竭型１５例）血清ＡｐｏＡ异构体多态性表型和血清Ｌｐ（ａ）及血脂水平，并与６８例健康老年人对照分析。结果ＣＨＤ组Ｌｐ（ａ）和血脂水平明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＣＨＤ组ＡｐｏＡ表型检出率为８２．７％，对照组为７５％。ＡｐｏＡ表型频率分布与ＡｐｏＡ表型分子量呈非常显著正相关（ＣＨＤ组ｒ＝０．９９２７，对照组ｒ＝０．９６９７，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论ＡｐｏＡ多态性表型在临床上比Ｌｐ（ａ）及血清脂质更具有参考价值。     

高血压病左室重量与血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮的相互关系及培哚普利、美托洛尔对其影响

研究６２例高血压病（ＥＨ）血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡＴⅡ）、醛固酮（ＡＬＤ）水平及其与左室肥厚（ＬＶＨ）的关系，并与２０例正常人进行对照。根据左室重量指数（ＬＶＭＩ）将ＥＨ伴ＬＶＨ者４７例随机分为两组，投以培哚普利或美托洛尔治疗８周。结果显示，ＥＨ患者血浆ＡＴⅡ及ＡＬＤ浓度明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＬＶＨ组高于非ＬＶＨ组（Ｐ＜０．００５），ＬＶＨ组的ＬＶＭＩ与ＡＴⅡ和ＡＬＤ正相关（ｒ分别为０．３４２和０．３５６，Ｐ＜０．０１），用药后两组ＬＶＭＩ、ＡＴⅡ和ＡＬＤ水平均显著降低，且８周后两组ＬＶＭＩ差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＬＶＭＩ下降值与血浆ＡＴⅡ、ＡＬＤ浓度下降值呈正相关（ｒ分别为０．６１２和０．６４７，Ｐ＜０．００１），提示ＡＴⅡ、ＡＬＤ是引起ＥＨ心肌肥厚重要的体液因素，培哚普利及美托洛尔短期治疗均可使ＬＶＨ逆转，培哚普利对ＬＶＨ的逆转可能优于美托洛尔。     

糖尿病患者Apo－Al、Apo－B测定及其临床意义

本文对６０例糖尿病患者及６２例正常人的血清载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）－Ａｌ，Ａｐｏ－Ｂ高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）和低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）水平进行了测定，结果显示：（１）糖尿病患者Ａｐｏ－Ａｌ水平和Ａｐｏ－Ｂ水平均明显高于正常人（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（２）住院治疗前，糖尿病患者血清ＨＤＬ水平明显低于正常人（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（３）住院治疗期间糖尿病患者血清ＨＤＬ水平显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＬＤＬ水平无明显改变（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

糖尿病患者Apo－Al、Apo－B测定及其临床意义

本文对６０例糖尿病患者及６２例正常人的血清载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）－Ａｌ，Ａｐｏ－Ｂ高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）和低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）水平进行了测定，结果显示：（１）糖尿病患者Ａｐｏ－Ａｌ水平和Ａｐｏ－Ｂ水平均明显高于正常人（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（２）住院治疗前，糖尿病患者血清ＨＤＬ水平明显低于正常人（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（３）住院治疗期间糖尿病患者血清ＨＤＬ水平显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＬＤＬ水平无明显改变（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

高血压病患者血清脂蛋白、载脂蛋白异常与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的：探讨高血压病患者血脂／载脂蛋白异常与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法：以空腹胰岛素／空腹葡萄糖比值和口服葡萄糖负荷后胰岛素曲线下面积／葡萄糖曲线下面积比值作为胰岛素抵抗指标，与空腹血脂／载脂蛋白进行直线相关分析。结果：与正常对照组（ｎ＝２１）比较，高血压病组（ｎ＝３２）血清甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）Ｂ、空腹胰岛素、空腹胰岛素／空腹葡萄糖比值以及胰岛素曲线下面积、葡萄糖曲线下面积和胰岛素曲线下面积／葡萄糖曲线下面积比值均显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＡＩ及ＡｐｏＡＩ／ＡｐｏＢ比值均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１）。高血压病组空腹胰岛素／空腹葡萄糖比值和胰岛素曲线下面积／葡萄糖曲线下面积比值均分别与甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和ＡｐｏＢ呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），与ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＡＩ和ＡｐｏＡＩ／ＡｐｏＢ比值呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１）。正常对照组上述指标间则无相关（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：高血压病患者血脂／载脂蛋白异常与胰岛素抵抗密切相关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.