联合应用表型分析、热休克蛋白65限制性片段长度多态性分析和测序鉴定养鱼水中的非结核分枝杆菌

目的了解养鱼水中非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)的分布情况。方法采集30份市售养鱼水标本,通过分离培养和生化反应初步鉴定,然后从培养菌落中提取DNA,PCR扩增65kD分枝杆菌抗原,扩增产物:(1)分别应用两种限制性内切酶BstEⅡ和HaeⅢ酶切,然后进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳和限制性片段长度多态性分析(PRA);(2)直接测序。结果30份市售养鱼水中29份样本分枝杆菌培养阳性,其中6份样本分别生长出两种形态性状完全不同的菌落,共分离出35株分枝杆菌,表型特征均符合NTM。理化性质、PRA和测序鉴定发现,戈登分枝杆菌8株(23%)、龟-偶然分枝杆菌复合群8株(23%)、日内瓦分枝杆菌9株(26%)、不产色分枝杆菌1株,其余9株未鉴定到种。结论NTM广泛存在于市售养鱼水中,分子生物学方法与常规细菌学鉴定可互相补充,提高鉴定的正确性。     

联合应用表型分析、热休克蛋白65限制性片段长度多态性分析和测序鉴定养鱼水中的非结核分枝杆菌

目的了解养鱼水中非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）的分布情况。方法采集30份市售养鱼水标本，通过分离培养和生化反应初步鉴定，然后从培养菌落中提取DNA，PCR扩增65kD分枝杆菌抗原，扩增产物：（1）分别应用两种限制性内切酶BstE Ⅱ和Hae Ⅲ酶切，然后进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳和限制性片段长度多态性分析（PRA）；（2）直接测序。结果30份市售养鱼水中29份样本分枝杆菌培养阳性，其中6份样本分别生长出两种形态性状完全不同的菌落，共分离出35株分枝杆菌，表型特征均符合NTM。理化性质、PRA和测序鉴定发现，戈登分枝杆菌8株（23％）、龟-偶然分枝杆菌复合群8株（23％）、日内瓦分枝杆菌9株（26％）、不产色分枝杆菌1株，其余9株未鉴定到种。结论NTM广泛存在于市售养鱼水中，分子生物学方法与常规细菌学鉴定可互相补充，提高鉴定的正确性。     

AIDS合并非结核分枝杆菌肺病的诊治进展

近年来,随着AIDS的流行及实验室检测技术的进步,非结核分枝杆菌(Nontuberculous mycobacteria,NTM)肺病的发病率呈增多趋势。NTM肺病已成为AIDS患者常见的机会性感染及死亡原因之一。AIDS合并NTM肺病临床表现不典型,影像学无特异性,诊断困难,需要结合临床表现、体格检查和辅助检查结果来进行综合分析。提高对该病的认识,尽早诊治,是降低该病病死率的关键。加强对NTM鉴定和分型技术研究以及治疗方案优化是今后发展的方向和重点。     

Identification and Characteristics of Co-isolation of Multiple Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Objective Although multiple nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species can be isolated from the same patient, little has been reported on co-isolation. We clarified the trends and characteristics of the co-isolation of multiple NTM species. Methods To collect data on multiple NTM isolation, we first extracted all patients who visited our hospital from 2006 through 2015 with a diagnosis of NTM lung diseases other than Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and then reviewed their medical records to evaluate the co-isolation of multiple NTM species. Results Of 213 patients with non-MAC lung disease, the most common NTM species was M. gordonae (32%), followed by M. kansasii (20%) and M. abscessus (14%). Non-MAC NTM lung disease tended to be associated with middle age with a low body mass index and male predominance. Multiple NTM species were isolated from 55 (26%) of the 213 patients. The clinical characteristics associated with multiple NTM species isolation included female predominance, never smokers and the absence of cavity lesions in the lungs. The highest co-isolation rate was observed in patients with M. gordonae isolation (30%), followed by M. furtuitum isolation (26%) and M. abscessus isolation (20%). Only MAC was isolated when co-isolated with M. abscessus. Among M. szulgai, M. peregrinum and M. terrae isolation, no other NTM species were detected. Conclusion Co-isolation of multiple NTM species was not uncommon, with 26% of patients with non-MAC NTM lung diseases showing co-isolation with multiple NTM species. Each NTM species had distinct characteristics in terms of co-isolation.     

AIDS并发非结核分枝杆菌感染的临床分析

目的探讨AIDS患者合并非结核分枝杆菌(Nontuberculous mycobacteria,NTM)感染的临床特点。方法选择33例AIDS并发NTM感染患者,分析其临床特点、病变部位、免疫状态等,并与AIDS并发结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)感染患者比较。结果 33例AIDS合并NTM感染者中,CD4+T细胞计数的中位数为18个/μl,HGB(93.8±22.9)g/L,29例患者(87.9%)出现贫血;单核细胞比例(8.66±5.08)%,16例(48.5%)单核细胞比例升高;ALB(32.7±5.2)g/L,31例(93.9%)ALB降低。播散性NTM为18例,占54.5%。病变部位以肺部为主,CT主要表现为炎症渗出,多发结节影,部位不固定,呈现弥散趋势24例(72.7%)。与同期培养为MTB感染者比较,在临床、实验室特点方面差异无统计学意义。结论 AIDS患者合并NTM多发生于免疫功能严重低下的情况,易合并贫血及低蛋白血症。NTM感染的临床特点与MTB感染不易鉴别。     

Hot tub lung mimicking classic acute and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Two case reports

Pulmonary disease in otherwise healthy patients can occur by secondary exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria from hot tubs. The pathology of hot tub lung may be related to an infection, a hypersensitivity reaction or both. Previous reports of hot tub lung have highlighted distinct pathological features that have distinguished this entity from classic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Two cases of hot tub lung in Ontario, which presented at very different time points in their disease course, are reported; one patient presented more fulminantly with a clinical picture resembling subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and the other presented with chronic disease. Both cases exhibited clinical, radiological and pathological findings closely mimicking classic subacute and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis.