Analysis of the Association between Fat Mass Distribution and Bone Mass in Chinese Male Adolescents at Different Stages of Puberty

Background: Bone mineral acquisition during adolescence is crucial for maximizing peak bone mass. Fat mass (FM) and bone mass are closely related. This study investigated the association of FM distribution with bone mass in Chinese male adolescents. Method: A total of 693 male adolescents aged 10–18 years were recruited from a secondary school in Jiangmen, China. Their bone mass and body composition were measured by quantitative ultrasound and bioelectrical impedance analysis, respectively. The associations of the measures of fat distribution with bone parameters, i.e., broadband ultrasound attenuation, speed of sound (SOS), and stiffness index (SI), were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Age, height, body mass index, stage of puberty, physical activity, sedentary behavior, dietary energy intake, and dietary calcium and vitamin D intake were adjusted in the model. Further subgroup analyses of prepubertal and pubertal participants were conducted. Results: The measures of fat distribution showed negative associations with SOS and SI in total subjects (p < 0.010). In prepubertal boys, the measures of fat distribution were only associated with SOS (β = −0.377 to −0.393, p < 0.050). In pubertal boys, the measures of fat distribution had associations with all bone parameters (β = −0.205 to −0.584, p < 0.050). The strongest association was between trunk FM and SOS (β = −0.584, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study supported that the measures of fat distribution were negatively associated with bone parameters in Chinese male adolescents. Trunk FM had the strongest association with bone parameter. These associations appear to be stronger in pubertal boys than in prepubertal boys.     

ZC-202 13^C质谱仪的原理及常规维护和故障排除

概述了ZC-202型13C质谱仪的工作原理、计算方法、技术指标、工作环境要求以及一些维护常识、故障排除的方法。     

Dose-Response Relationships Between Body Composition Indices and All-Cause Mortality in Older Japanese Adults

ObjectivesWe examined the dose-response relationships of body composition indices with mortality and identified the best predictor.Design and settingKusatsu Longitudinal Study and Hatoyama Cohort Study, Japan.ParticipantsIn total, 1977 community-dwelling Japanese adults age ≥65 years (966 men and 1011 women) participated.MeasurementsBody mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) were determined by segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. The main outcome was all-cause mortality. We determined multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for mortality relative to sex-specific medians of each body composition index and examined the association shapes.ResultsDuring the median follow-up of 5.3 years, 128 (13.3%) men and 75 (7.4%) women died. Compared with median BMIs (23.3 kg/m² in men and 22.8 kg/m² in women), a BMI >23.3 and ≤26.1 kg/m² was associated with significantly lower mortality risk in men, and a BMI <22.8 kg/m² was associated with significantly higher mortality risk in women. The inverse dose-response relationship with mortality was clearer for FFMI [hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of 10th and 90th percentiles: 1.58 (1.23–2.03) and 0.58 (0.44–0.79), respectively, in men and 1.56 (1.12–2.16) and 0.68 (0.51–0.91), respectively, in women] and SMI [1.57 (1.22–2.01) and 0.60 (0.45–0.80), respectively, in men and 1.45 (1.05–2.01) and 0.77 (0.61–0.96), respectively, in women] than for BMI [1.30 (0.92–1.83) and 0.65 (0.41–1.03), respectively, in men and 1.87 (1.18–2.95) and 0.88 (0.54–1.42), respectively, in women]. FMI was not associated with mortality in either sex.Conclusions and ImplicationsFFMI and SMI were more definitive predictors of mortality than were BMI and FMI. The lower mortality risk with higher FFMI, regardless of FMI, may explain the age-related weakening of the association between higher BMI and mortality (the “obesity paradox”). FFMI and SMI evaluation should be introduced to clinical assessments of older adults because mortality risk might be reduced by maintaining muscle mass.     

Body weight and body composition of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate users

Objectives

Weight gain is a concern with the contraceptive depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA); however, this issue remains controversial. The objective of this study was to compare body weight (BW) and body composition (BC) in DMPA and copper intrauterine device (IUD) users at baseline and after one year of use.

Study Design

We enrolled new DMPA users and age and weight matched new IUD users into this prospective study. Weight and height were measured, BC (fat and lean mass) was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and physical activity was assessed at baseline and at 12 months. Student's paired t test and the Wilcoxon paired test for matched samples were used.

Results

Ninety-seven women were enrolled for the study; 26 matched pairs continued using the initial method for at least one year, and completed the baseline and 12 month assessments. An increase of 1.9 kg occurred in BW (p=.02) in DMPA users at 12 months of use, resulting from an increase in fat mass of 1.6 kg (p=.03). Weight remained stable in IUD users; however, there was an increase in lean mass at 12 months of use (p=.001). The number of women practicing physical activity increased in this group. There was a significant difference between the groups regarding the variation in the percentage of central fat (p=.04).

Conclusion

Weight gain in the DMPA group after the first year of use resulted from an increase in fat mass. Weight remained stable in the IUD group; however, an increase in lean mass and a reduction in localized abdominal fat mass occurred, possibly because more users were practicing physical activity.

Implications statement

There was a greater increase in body weight in DMPA users compared to TCu380A IUD users in the first year of use of the contraceptive method. Furthermore, the weight increase in users of DMPA occurred principally as the result of an increase in fat mass. Physical activity probably could increase the lean mass in the users of TCu380A IUD.     

水泥生产中粉尘质量浓度转换K值的研究

本文报道应用滤膜计重法与光散射数字粉尘计,对水泥生产中的各类粉尘质量浓度、相对质量浓度及其转换K值所作的测定分析与对照研究结果,并分析与探讨了K值测试中的质量控制问题。     

青少年体脂肪分布与骨钙素水平的关系

目的 探讨银川市青少年体脂肪分布和骨钙素水平之间的关系,为指导青少年合理有效的体重控制和预防肥胖、骨代谢相关疾病提供依据。方法 采用现况调查设计,以整群随机抽样的方法抽取银川市12～18岁青少年1 068名进行问卷调查、体格检查及实验室检测。结果 总人群中,体脂肪量(BFM)、躯干FM、四肢FM、体脂百分比(FMP)与骨钙素水平均呈负相关(P均<0.05), 而四肢FMP与骨钙素水平呈正相关(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析得出,总人群中第三、第二分位组FMP水平提示高水平骨钙素的风险分别是0.28(95%CI:0.13～0.57)、0.44倍(95%CI:0.25～0.76),男性中FMP第四、第三、第二分位水平相较于最低四分位水平,均可较好的预测高水平骨钙素,其风险是正常组的0.2(95%CI:0.05～0.72)、0.21(95%CI:0.08～0.55)和0.45倍(95%CI:0.25～0.82)。无论男女,四肢FMP第四分位水平相较于最低四分位水平可较好预测高骨钙素水平,风险分别是正常组的7.46(95%CI:2.79～19.96)和2.60倍(95%CI:1.36～4.96)。结论 总体上FMP对骨吸收有负面影响,而四肢FMP相反,并且性别不同体脂率对骨代谢的影响也不同。     

Body composition assessment using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in a wide cohort of patients affected with mild to severe obesity

1. Download : Download high-res image (203KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Evaluation of zinc status in subjects with Crohn's disease.

Zinc status was evaluated in 30 subjects with Crohn's disease. Intestinal resection had previously been performed in 23 of the subjects. The concentrations of zinc were determined in plasma, erythrocytes, percutaneous muscle biopsies, and in urine collected during 24 hours. The results were compared with those in 19 healthy controls. Most of the patients had a normal zinc status. The levels of zinc were, however, reduced (i.e., less than mean ?2 SD for controls) in plasma for five, in erythrocytes for two, and in muscle biopsies for six subjects with Crohn's disease. The mean concentrations of zinc in plasma and erythrocytes were reduced (P less than 0.05), whereas the mean content of zinc in muscle biopsies and the mean urinary excretion of zinc were not significantly different, in subjects with Crohn's disease. The various zinc parameters did not correlate to each other. The results indicate that some subjects with Crohn's disease had an intracellular zinc depletion, which, however, was not reflected by a reduction in levels of zinc in plasma.     

Prognostic value of changes in lean and fat mass in alcoholics

Background & aims

The prognostic value of nutritional status and/or lean and fat mass assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) has been widely analyzed, in both alcoholics and non-alcoholics. However, the prognostic value of changes in fat and lean mass over time in alcoholics has scarcely been studied, nor has the effect of alcohol abstinence on these changes.

Methods

From an initial cohort of 113 alcoholic patients, 70 prospectively underwent two DEXA assessments six months apart. One hundred and five patients (including 66 of those who underwent two DEXA assessments) were followed up for 34.9 ± 36.4 months (median = 18 months, interquartile range = 7.25–53.75 months). During this follow-up period, 33 died (including 20 of those who had undergone a second DEXA assessment).

Results

Forty-two of the 70 patients undergoing a second DEXA assessment had abstained from alcohol. Of these, 69.04% (29) gained left arm lean mass, compared with only 35.71% (10 of 28) of those who had continued drinking (χ² = 7.46; p = 0.006). Similar results were observed regarding right arm lean mass (χ² = 4.68; p = 0.03) and right leg lean mass (χ² = 7.88; p = 0.005). However, no associations were found between alcohol abstinence and changes in fat parameters. Analysis by means of Kaplan–Meier curves showed that loss of total lean mass, right leg lean mass, left leg lean mass and total fat mass were all significantly associated with reduced survival. However, within 30 months of the second evaluation, significant associations were observed between changes of all parameters related to lean mass, and mortality, but no association between changes in fat parameters and mortality.

Conclusions

Loss of lean mass over a period of six months after a first assessment is associated with worse prognosis in alcoholics, irrespective of whether they stop drinking during this period or not. Continued drinking is associated with greater loss of lean mass, but not with changes in fat mass.     

肥胖男童骨矿物质含量及瘦体重的研究

目的 了解以体脂含量增加为特点的肥胖儿童骨矿物质含量、骨密度及瘦体重有何变化。方法 应用体块指数（BMI）诊断的肥胖组及对年龄、身高进行一一配对的正常组儿童各17例,年龄7－13岁,测定其骨矿物质含量（BMC）、骨密度（BMD）及瘦体重（LM）,观察二组间的差异,再用体脂含量百分比（F％）来重新诊断这34名儿童,观察肥胖组与对照组间上述指标的差异,并应用多因素分析肥胖与骨矿物质含量之间的关系。结果 应用 BMI为诊断标准时肥胖组与对照组间的BMC、BMD、LM有显著差异。改用F％为诊断标准后,肥胖儿童与正常儿童间的BMC、BMD差别消失,LM之间的差别也减小,多因素分析结果：体脂含量、肥胖与BMC无关。结论 若以体脂含量增加来定义肥胖儿童、其骨矿物质含量、骨密度与正常儿童相比无差别,瘦体重差别也不大,单纯体脂含量的增加并不能引起骨矿物质含量的改变。     

应用4种肥胖判定计算方法及标准2825例成人对比分析

目的探讨4种肥胖判定计算方法标准的差异。方法入选2825例住院患者和门诊查体人员，男性2446例，女性379例，年龄22～81岁。测定身高和体质量。通过公式计算标准体质量、体质量指数（BMI）和体脂含量及肥胖指数（OI）。根据BMI≥25kg/m^2、BMI≥27kg/m^2、BMI≥28kg/m^2判定肥胖者例数分别为：1419例、680例和435例；超出标准体质量20％者649例；体脂含量男性〉25％、女性〉33％者639例。结果〉标准体质量20％和超过标准体脂含量判定的肥胖均与BMI≥25kg/m^2判定肥胖的比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；〉标准体质量20％和超过标准体脂含量判定的肥胖均与BMI≥27kg/m^2判定的肥胖比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；〉标准体质量20％和超过标准体脂含量判定的肥胖均与BMI≥28kg/m^2判定的肥胖比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论BMI≥27kg／m^2判定肥胖与超重20％和亚太地区的体脂含量判定肥胖标准相符。     

Accuracy of octa‐polar bioelectrical impedance analysis for the assessment of total and appendicular body composition in children and adolescents with HIV: comparison with dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry and air displacement plethysmography

Background

Body composition analysis has been used to investigate fat mass (FM ) and bone mineral content (BMC ) in children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV . Investigating the validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA ) is interesting with respect to testing useful techniques for monitoring body composition in children and adolescents in clinical practice. The present study aimed to determine the validity of body composition analysis by BIA compared to dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA ) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP ) in children and adolescents an HIV diagnosis.

Methods

Sixty‐four children and adolescents (35 females and 29 males) with a mean (SD ) age of 12.22 (2.13) years and with an HIV diagnosis participated in the study. Fat‐free mass (FFM ), FM and body fat percentage (%BF ) were obtained by BIA for comparison with DXA and ADP . Segmented FM (trunk, legs and arms), lean soft tissue mass (LSTM ) (total and segmented) and BMC were obtained by BIA for comparison with DXA .

Results

BIA presented a clinically acceptable correlation with DXA and ADP for FFM . Values found by BIA were underestimated compared to ADP , and overestimated compared to DXA . BIA presented a clinically acceptable correlation with DXA for LSTM estimates (total and segmented parameters) in both sexes (underestimating FM and overestimating LSTM ). For other components (%BF , FM and BMC ), BIA had a clinically unacceptable correlation with the reference methods in both sexes.

Conclusions

BIA was suitable for evaluating FFM and LSTM in children and adolescents with an HIV diagnosis. For FM , %BF and BMC , BIA was not suitable for performing an evaluation in both sexes.

     

陕西省94种常用食物中钴含量的测定

陕西省９４种常用食物中钴含量的测定王振林，周明琪，樊卫东（西安医科大学，西安７１００６１）关键词：食物，钴ＴｈｅＤｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｏｂａｌｔｉｎ９４ＫｉｎｄｓｏｆＦｏｏｄｆｒｏｍＳｈａａｎｘｉ￥ＷａｎｇＺｈｅｎｌｉｎ；ＺｈｏｕＭｉｎｇｑ...     

Effect of Curcumin on Anthropometric Measures: A Systematic Review on Randomized Clinical Trials

Objective: Curcumin is an active constituent of turmeric. Recently, scientists have suggested that curcumin can be used in weight reduction. We performed a systematic review based on randomized controlled trials to assess the effects of curcumin supplementation on anthropometric variables.

Methods: We searched databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to August 2017. Randomized clinical trials assessing the effects of curcumin on anthropometric parameters in human adults were included.

Result: Eight randomized clinical trials were allowed to be included in the systematic review. Five articles used the regular form of curcumin with short follow-up duration and did not indicate any significant effect on anthropometric measures, while three articles with significant results used either the more bioavailable form of curcumin or a longer intervention duration.

Conclusion: Randomized clinical trials related to curcumin effect on weight are limited but their result indicated useful effect of curcumin on weight. It seems that the bioavailable form of curcumin can reduce obesity and overweight. Further articles with longer duration of intervention and different forms of curcumin supplementation are necessary before any recommendation is made for clinical use of these interventions.