Acute Knee Injuries in Young Athletes

In brief Juvenile and adolescent athletes brief are prone to most of the same knee injuries as adults, but skeletal immaturity makes them vulnerable to certain knee injuries unique to their age and level of maturation. Usually these injuries involve the growing cartilage on the joint surface or at the epiphyseal plate. A stress that would cause a ligament sprain or muscle strain in an adult may cause a growth plate fracture or avulsion in a skeletally immature athlete.     

膝关节损伤的前瞻性研究:MRI诊断与关节镜对照

目的:探讨MRI诊断膝关节损伤的有效性.材料和方法:对2002年10月至2003年8月共126例临床高度怀疑膝关节损伤的患者,行MRI和关节镜检查,以关节镜结果为金标准,前瞻性分析MRI的敏感性和特异性.结果:111例MRI提示膝关节损伤的患者进行了关节镜检查或治疗,其中有107例证明关节镜检查是必要的;15例MRI提示膝关节无明显病变的患者进行了关节镜检查或治疗,4例表明关节镜检查是必要的.MRI的总体敏感性和特异性分别为96.4%、73.3%,准确度93.7%,其中内侧半月板撕裂敏感性和特异性分别为90.6%、96.8%,准确度95.2%,外侧半月板撕裂敏感性和特异性分别为90.3%、93.8%,准确度92.1%,前交叉韧带完全撕裂的敏感性和特异性分别为85.7%、99.1%,准确度97.6%.结论:MRI是诊断膝关节损伤的可靠的工具,能有效地鉴别出临床高度怀疑膝关节损伤的患者中需要关节镜检查及治疗的患者.     

Nerve Injuries in Athletes

In brief: Nerve injuries in athletes may be serious and may delay or prevent an athlete's return to his or her sport. Over a two-year period, the authors evaluated the condition of 65 patients who had entrapments of a nerve or nerve root, documented with electromyography. They describe four case histories: Two patients had radial nerve entrapments, one caused by baseball pitching and the other by kayaking; one football player had combined suprascapular neuropathy and upper trunk brachial plexopathy; and one patient had carpal tunnel syndrome of a median nerve secondary to rowing. Sports-related peripheral nerve lesions of the lower extremity were not seen during the study period. Based on a literature review, the nerve injuries discussed represent the spectrum of nerve entrapments likely to be seen in US clinics. The authors conclude that peripheral nerve lesions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sports injuries, particularly at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist.     

Surgical treatment of acl-pcl-medial side-lateral-side injuries of the knee

The multiple-ligament-injured knee is a complex problem in orthopaedic surgery. Most dislocated knees involve tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), and at least one collateral ligament complex. Careful assessment of the extremity vascular status is essential because of the possibility of arterial and/or venous compromise. These complex injuries require a systematic approach to evaluation and treatment. Physical examination and imaging studies enable the surgeon to make a correct diagnosis and to formulate a treatment plan. Arthroscopically assisted combined ACL/PCL reconstruction is a reproducible procedure. Knee stability is improved postoperatively when evaluated by using knee-ligament rating scales, arthrometer testing, and stress radiographic analysis. Acute medial collateral ligament tears when combined with ACL/PCL tears may, in certain cases, be treated with bracing. Posterolateral corner injuries combined with ACL/PCL tears are best treated with primary repair, as indicated, combined with reconstruction by using a post of strong autograft (split biceps tendon, biceps tendon, semitendinosus) or allograft (Achilles tendon, bone—patellar tendon—bone) tissue. Surgical timing depends on the ligaments injured, the vascular status of the extremity, reduction stability, and the overall health of the patient. We prefer the use of allograft tissue for reconstruction in these cases because of the strength of these large grafts and the absence of donor-site morbidity.     

Knee laxity after complete anterior cruciate ligament tear: a prospective study over 15 years

There is limited knowledge of knee laxity in the long term after a complete anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear treated without ACL reconstruction. The aim of this study was (1) to describe the clinical course of knee laxity after a complete ACL tear over 15 years, and (2) to study the association between knee laxity and meniscal injuries and the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA). We studied 100 consecutive subjects [mean (SD) age 26 (8) years] presenting with acute ACL injury prospectively. The initial treatment in all subjects was knee rehabilitation without reconstructive surgery. The subjects were examined with Lachman's and pivot‐shift tests at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, 1 year, 3 years and 15 years after the injury. Sagittal knee laxity was also evaluated with the KT‐1000 arthrometer at the 15‐year follow‐up. During follow‐up, 22 subjects were ACL reconstructed due to unacceptable knee instability. There was only a mild remaining knee laxity [median Lachman grade and pivot‐shift test value of 1 on a 4‐grade scale (0–3)] after 15 years in subjects treated without primary ACL reconstruction. Knees with higher anterior sagittal knee laxity 3 months after the injury had a worse long‐term outcome with respect to meniscal injuries and knee OA development.     

膝关节损伤后远期肌力改变的分析

目的 :分析膝关节韧带、半月板等损伤后股四头肌、绳肌远期肌力改变的情况 ,以探讨损伤后远期肌力改变与肌肉收缩类型的关系、向心收缩 /离心收缩比值和拮抗肌比值等反映膝关节稳定性指标的变化、优势下肢膝关节损伤的特点及肌力改变与损伤时间的相关关系。方法 :应用Kin-Com等速测试装置分别测定 3 8例膝关节损伤后受试者等长收缩肌力峰值、60°/sec和 1 80°/sec角速度下向心收缩、离心收缩力矩峰值。结果 :(1 )损伤侧与非损伤侧股四头肌在不同测试条件下远期肌力存在显著差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,同名肌群肌力缺失百分比 >1 0 % ;(2 )损伤侧与非损伤侧绳肌在不同测试条件下远期肌力无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;(3 )损伤侧膝关节以 60°/sec角速度向心收缩、离心收缩时远期肌力减退程度显著高于等长收缩时远期肌力的减退程度 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(4 )等速测试时损伤侧与非损伤侧的向心收缩/离心收缩比值无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,且均 <1 0 0 % ;(5 )损伤侧膝关节拮抗肌比值范围为 5 0 %～ 80 % ;(6)优势下肢膝关节损伤患者股四头肌远期肌力减退程度显著高于非优势下肢膝关节损伤患者 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(7)等长收缩、向心收缩、离心收缩远期肌力缺失百分比与损伤时间无显著相关关系 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :膝关节     

关节镜下一期重建修复膝关节多发韧带损伤疗效观察

【摘要】目的 探讨关节镜下一期重建修复膝关节多发韧带损伤的临床效果。方法 给予2018年8月至2019年3月中牟县人民医院收治的48例膝关节多发韧带损伤患者关节镜下一期重建术治疗,对比术前及术后国际膝关节文献委员会膝关节评估表（the international knee documentation committee knee uation form,IKDC）评分、Lysholm评分及膝关节活动度,评估其治疗效果。结果 术后12周,患者IKDC评分、Lysholm评分较术前均明显升高（t=43.830、50.060,P均=0.000）,膝关节活动度较术前明显增大（t=35.890,P=0.000）。结论 关节镜下一期重建术可有效改善膝关节多发韧带损伤患者的膝关节功能,值得临床推广使用。     

Diagnostic accuracy of MRI knee in reference to arthroscopy in meniscal and anterior cruciate ligament injuries

Objective

Data regarding the diagnostic accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are contradictory. The aim of this study was to find the accuracy of MRI knee against arthroscopy, in cases of meniscus and Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest Indian study comparing MRI knee with arthroscopy comprehensively.