腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗中期妊娠卵巢肿瘤的比较

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗中期妊娠卵巢肿瘤的可行性和安全性。方法2006年1月～2011年1月我院32例中期妊娠合并卵巢肿瘤分别行全麻下腹腔镜手术（腹腔镜组,n=14）和开腹手术（开腹组,n=18）。腹腔镜手术一般距离宫底或肿瘤上缘（以大者为准）至少3横指处做第一切口,余切口随之改变,气腹形成后,监测生命体征及氧饱和度直至手术结束后1h。卵巢肿瘤剥除术：用剪刀切开肿瘤包膜,将肿瘤完整剥出装袋取出,若肿瘤直径〉8cm,穿刺抽吸囊液后剥除肿瘤。患侧附件切除术：提起附件边凝边切,取出同卵巢肿瘤剥除术。结果腹腔镜组肿瘤剥除术10例,附件切除术4例,无一例中转开腹。开腹组肿瘤剥除术13例,附件切除术5例。腹腔镜组手术时间（73．9±26．8）min与开腹组（72．8±22．2）min比较无统计学差异（t=0．127,P=0．900）。腹腔镜组术中出血量（56．4±25．9）ml与开腹组（48．9±22．5）ml比较无统计学差异（t=0．876,P=0．388）。腹腔镜术后住院（5．0±0．8）d,显著短于开腹组（8．7±2．8）d（t=-4．779,P=0．000）。术后病理：腹腔镜组成熟性畸胎瘤12例,黏液性囊腺瘤2例;开腹组成熟性畸胎瘤5例,黏液性囊腺瘤10例,浆液黏液混合性囊腺瘤2例,交界性乳头状囊腺瘤1例。卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转9例,其中成熟性畸胎瘤8例,黏液性囊腺瘤（伴囊壁钙化）1例。患者术后均无并发症,随访至分娩,腹腔镜组新生儿Apgar评分（9．8±0．4）分与开腹组（9．7±0．5）分比较无统计学差异（t=0．584,P=0．564）;新生儿出生体重（3357．7±471．2）g与开腹组（3421．9±155．9）g比较无统计学差异（t=-0．513,P=0．612）;新生儿出生孕周（38．5±1．3）周与开腹组（39．1±0．9）周比较无统计学差异（t=-1．466,P=0．154）;早产率与开腹组无统计学差异[7．7％（1／13） vs．0,P=0．448]。结论腹腔镜手术治疗中期妊娠卵巢肿瘤是安全可行的。     

腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剔除术对卵巢功能的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜下不同卵巢良性囊肿剔除手术对女性卵巢功能的影响。方法 2004年9月~2008年3月在我院接受腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剔除术的卵巢良性肿瘤114例,包括单侧卵巢内膜异位囊肿剔除33例,双侧卵巢内膜异位囊肿剔除22例,单侧卵巢囊肿剔除(除卵巢内膜异位囊肿)48例,双侧卵巢囊肿剔除(除卵巢内膜异位囊肿)11例,测定术前、术后3个月血清促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)和雌二醇(E2),术后3个月随访月经情况、潮热症状。结果与各组术前相比,4组术后3个月性激素水平变化的差异无显著性(P0.05)。4组间术前性激素水平差异无显著性(P0.05),术后FSH、FSH/LH、E2水平4组间差异无显著性(P0.05)。术后LH水平单侧卵巢内膜异位囊肿剔除组明显低于双侧卵巢内膜异位囊肿剔除组和单侧卵巢囊肿剔除组(P值分别为0.0003、0.0191),术后LH水平双侧卵巢囊肿剔除组低于双侧卵巢内膜异位囊肿组(P=0.0479),其余组间未见显著性差异(P0.05)。术后3个月共有10例(8.8%)月经异常,5例(4.4%)潮热盗汗。61例有生育要求者中共有26例(42.6%)妊娠。结论腹腔镜下不同卵巢良性囊肿剔除手术对女性卵巢功能的近期影响有限。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗早期卵巢癌的比较

目的：比较腹腔镜和开腹手术治疗早期卵巢癌的疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年1月～2013年12月我院手术治疗的早期卵巢癌48例,其中腹腔镜手术25例（腹腔镜组）,开腹手术23例（开腹组）,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、肛门排气时间、术后并发症及切口感染率等。结果腹腔镜组术中出血量（150．2±50．8）ml,明显少于开腹组（235．6±49．3）ml（t＝-5．901,P＝0．000）;腹腔镜组术后肛门排气时间（36．2±13．5）h,明显早于开腹组（48．3±13．9）h （t＝-3．058,P＝0．004）;腹腔镜组术后发热6例,显著少于开腹组12例（χ2＝4．057,P＝0．044）;腹腔镜组术后切口感染2例,与开腹组6例无统计学差异（χ2＝1．670,P＝0．196）;腹腔镜组住院时间（15．2±5．2） d,明显短于开腹组（23．3±4．2） d （t＝5．904,P＝0.000）。2组手术时间分别为（241．4±45．3）、（248．5±58．3）min,无统计学差异（t＝-0．473,P＝0．638）;2组切除淋巴结分别（21．3±2．9）、（20．5±3．0）枚,无统计学差异（t＝0．939,P＝0．353）。45例（开腹组2例失访,腹腔镜组1例失访）随访1～52个月,平均21．5月。开腹组2例分别术后10、12个月复发,腹腔镜组1例术后10个月复发,其余无瘤生存。结论腹腔镜手术治疗早期卵巢癌近期疗效好,安全可行,可作为早期卵巢癌手术治疗的新选择。     

机器人手术系统在卵巢癌治疗中的应用进展

卵巢癌是一种威胁女性健康的恶性肿瘤,恶性程度高,病死率居妇科肿瘤之首,手术是其主要的治疗方式。随着科技的进步,研究者在腹腔镜手术原理的基础上,开发了更加精准的达芬奇机器人手术系统,其具有微创、精细、灵活、滤抖等诸多优点,并引领着妇科手术迈向精准医疗的新征程。作为一种新兴的手术方式,机器人手术在卵巢癌的治疗与应用中存在诸多争议。本研究主要针对卵巢癌治疗的现状与争议进行深入剖析,对比分析机器人、腹腔镜及开腹手术治疗卵巢癌的手术疗效,并对机器人手术的发展及应用进行展望。     

Comparison of 5-, 10-, and 15-Point Laparoscopic Ovarian Electrocauterization in Patients With Polycystic Ovarian Disease: a Prospective, Randomized Study

Objective:

We compared 12-month pregnancy and live birth rates in patients with polycystic ovarian disease undergoing 5-, 10-, and 15-point laparoscopic ovarian electrocauterization.

Methods:

This was a prospective, randomized study performed at the Dabirashrafi Fertility and Endoscopy Research Center, Tehran, Iran. The study included 187 patients with polycystic ovarian disease who were randomly assigned to 3 groups. Group I comprised 67 patients whose ovaries received 5-point electrocauterization. Group II comprised 57 patients whose ovaries received 10-point electrocauterization. Group III comprised 63 patients whose ovaries received 15-point electocauterization.Laparoscopic ovarian electrocauterization with a unipolar current was used. The main outcome measures were 12-month pregnancy and live birth rates.

Results:

Patients were homogeneous for age, body mass index, and type and duration of infertility. Twenty pregnancies resulted in Group I, with a pregnancy rate of 29.9% (20/67) and a live birth rate of 20.9% (14/57). Eighteen pregnancies resulted in Group II, with a pregnancy rate of 31.6% (18/57), and a live birth rate of 28.1% (16/57).Thirty-three pregnancies resulted in group III, with a pregnancy rate of 52.4% (33/63), and a live birth rate of 47.6% (30/63). Comparison of Group III with Groups I and II revealed a statistically significant increase in pregnancies (P=0.016) and live birth rates (P=0.004).

Conclusion:

We recommend 15-point electrocauterization of ovaries in patients with polycystic ovarian disease.     

Laparoscopy-Assisted Supracervical Hysterectomy for Ovarian Cancer: Cervical Recurrence

Background and Objectives:

The purpose of our study is to evaluate the incidence of cervical recurrence after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy for ovarian cancer debulking or staging.

Methods:

From a prospective surgical database, we identified 51 cases of laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy for ovarian cancer debulking or staging. No cases were excluded.

Results:

From 2009 to 2012, 51 patients were identified. The median age was 62 years (range, 32–83 years), and the median body mass index was 29 kg/m² (range, 16–41 kg/m²). Medical comorbidities were present in 40 patients (78%), and 53% had prior abdominal surgery. The median operative time was 2 hours (range, 1–3.5 hours), and the median blood loss was 200 mL (range, 50–900 mL). The median length of stay was 1 day (range, 0–12 days). The stage was I in 12 patients, II in 6, and III/IV in 33. At a median follow-up time of 1.7 years (range, 0.3–2.6 years), 20 patients (39%) had recurrence of cancer, with a median time of recurrence of 1.1 years (range, 0.3–2.3 years). All recurrences were in the abdomen or pelvis except for 1 axillary node recurrence and 1 recurrence in the distal vagina. There were no recurrences in the remaining cervical stump. No patient had a postoperative vaginal cuff infection. Among the 104 cycles of intraperitoneal chemotherapy, there was no vaginal leakage of intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Conclusion:

Laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy for ovarian cancer debulking or staging does not result in cervical recurrence.     

Comparison of Laparoscopy and Laparotomy in Surgical Staging of Early-Stage Ovarian and Fallopian Tubal Cancer

Aim  To compare feasibility, accuracy, and safety of laparoscopy and laparotomy in surgical staging of early-stage ovarian and fallopian tubal cancer. Methods  Outcomes of patients with stage I ovarian and fallopian tubal cancer who underwent complete surgical staging at Asan Medical Center, Korea between 2004 and 2007 were retrospectively evaluated. Results  Nineteen patients were surgically staged through laparoscopy and 33 through laparotomy. There were no between-group differences in mean age, parity, body mass index, lymph nodes retrieved, or omentum specimen size, nor were there between-group differences in the percentage of patients who were postmenopausal, those referred for restaging, in the time interval to restaging, in those upstaged after surgery, or in those with intraoperative tumor rupture. The laparoscopy group had significantly shorter operating time (221 ± 83 min versus 275 ± 63 min, P = 0.012), less blood loss (240 ± 228 mL versus 568 ± 451 mL, P = 0.005), less transfusion requirement (5.3% versus 30.3%, P = 0.033), faster return of bowel movement (1.3 ± 0.7 days versus 3.6 ± 1.7 days. P < 0.001), and shorter postoperative hospital stay (8.9 ± 6.1 days versus 14.5 ± 5.6 days, P = 0.002) and time interval to adjuvant chemotherapy (12.8 ± 4.9 days versus 17.6 ± 8.3 days, P = 0.049). There were no postoperative complications requiring further management. After a median follow-up time of 17 months (range 1–44 months), there was no recurrence or death from disease in either group. Conclusion  Laparotomy and laparoscopy showed similar surgical staging adequacy and accuracy, and laparoscopy showed more favorable operative outcomes. Laparoscopy was safe for early-stage ovarian and fallopian tubal cancer, although follow-up time was relatively short. This paper was accepted for oral presentation at the focused plenary session of Society of Gynecologic Oncologist (SGO) 39th Annual Meeting to be held March 9–12, 2008 in Tampa, Florida, USA.     

腹腔镜下卵巢浆液性腺癌直肠转移癌根治术1例报告

本文报道2013年5月对1例Ⅳ期卵巢浆液性腺癌施行腹腔镜下卵巢癌细胞减灭术和直肠癌根治术（Dixion术）,术后行顺铂及紫杉醇静脉化疗6次。随访5个月复查,直肠吻合口愈合良好,盆腔无转移病灶,肝转移灶消失。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿腹腔镜手术209例中长期随访结果

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的中长期效果. 方法 回顾分析我院2002年1月～2005年12月经腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿239例,其中209例随访≥12个月（12～54月）.行单侧卵巢囊肿剔除术115例,双侧卵巢囊肿剔除62例,单侧附件切除术11例,单侧附件切除加对侧囊肿剔除21例.术后无生育要求者口服内美通或孕三烯酮3～6个月,有生育要求者不用药物治疗,鼓励尽早妊娠. 结果 7例中转开腹,无并发症发生.术后复发17例,复发率8.1%（其中内膜异位症Ⅲ期7例,Ⅳ期10例）.35例不孕者中,16例妊娠,妊娠率45.7%,均为宫内妊娠,妊娠时间为术后4～29个月,其中10例术后2年内妊娠.157例痛经者中,术后完全缓解95例（60.5%）,症状减轻62例（39.5%）. 结论 腹腔镜手术适合各期子宫内膜异位囊肿,术后应辅以药物治疗,并长期密切随访,以期降低复发率.     

Comparisons of Surgery and/or Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Primary Pulmonary Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma

Background/Aims: To investigate the clinical features, imaging characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of primary pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.Methods: We retrospectively analysed the clinical, imaging, and follow-up data of 13 patients (median age, 59 years; range, 21–67 years) with primary pulmonary MALT lymphoma.Results: The main clinical manifestations were chest discomfort (six patients), cough (two), fever (two), chest pain (one), and no obvious symptoms (two). Six patients underwent surgery; three had postoperative chemotherapy; four had chemotherapy alone; and three only had symptomatic and supportive treatment. The follow-up duration was one to 11 years, with one patient lost to follow-up. Two patients died (two years and 11 years post-diagnosis). As of this report, the remaining 10 patients were alive with no disease progression.Conclusions: Pulmonary MALT lymphoma has atypical clinical manifestations and non-specific imaging changes, and the diagnosis depends on a pathological examination. For patients with confined lesions for which conventional biopsy cannot be performed, surgical excision plays an important role in clarifying the diagnosis and obtaining good therapeutic results and a good prognosis.     

Robotic-Assisted Fertility-Sparing Surgery for Early Ovarian Cancer

Objective:

To show the feasibility and safety of robotic-assisted laparoscopic fertility-sparing surgery for early-stage ovarian cancer in women of reproductive age.

Methods and Design:

The first patient was a 29-year-old para 0 woman with well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the ovary and complex endometrial hyperplasia with marked atypia. The second patient was a 31-year-old para 0 woman with an immature grade 1 teratoma. Both patients underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgical staging.

Results:

In the first patient, there were no intra- or postoperative complications. Operative time was 5 hours 43 minutes and estimated blood loss was 100 mL. She was discharged home on postoperative day 1. She received 3 cycles of carboplatin and paclitaxel, as well as medroxyprogesterone acetate for the duration of chemotherapy. She conceived twice spontaneously since surgery and had two successful deliveries. She currently has no evidence of disease.In the second patient, there were no intra- or postoperative complications. Operative time was 2 hours 52 minutes and estimated blood loss was 200 mL. She was discharged home on postoperative day 1. She declined adjuvant chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin. She conceived spontaneously 4 months later and had a normal vaginal delivery. She currently has no evidence of disease.

Conclusions:

Because fertility-sparing surgery is now accepted as a viable option in young women with early-stage ovarian cancer, less invasive techniques are being used. With the advent of robotic-assisted surgery and its advantages over conventional laparoscopy, we show that it is a safe and feasible approach in select patients. This is the first reported series on robotic fertility-sparing surgery, but more research is needed.     

Management of Neonatal Ovarian Cysts and its Effect on Ovarian Preservation

Background/Purpose

Management of asymptomatic neonatal ovarian cysts varies. Some surgeons advocate initial observation, while others recommend immediate operation depending on cyst size and complexity. This study aims to compare outcomes of initial observation versus primary surgery, focusing on incidence of postnatal torsion and ovarian preservation.

Methods

A retrospective study (1997–2012) of neonates with an ovarian mass was performed. Data on cyst size, ultrasound characteristics, clinical course, complications, and pathology were extracted.

Results

Thirty-seven neonates with asymptomatic ovarian cysts were identified (N = 25 observed, N = 12 primary surgery). Overall, 12/25 (48%) observed had successful cyst regression, including 3/8 (38%) cysts ≥ 50 mm and 6/15 (40%) complex. 13/25 patients (52%) underwent surgery for failure of cyst regression (11/13) or concern for interval torsion (2/13). Postnatal torsion occurred in 1/25 observation patients (4%), or 1/8 (13%) with cysts ≥ 50 mm. Overall rate of ovarian preservation between groups was not statistically different [6/8 (75%) observed versus 8/9 (89%) primary surgery; P = 0.577]. Pathology found viable ovarian tissue in all oophorectomy specimens (N = 3).

Conclusions

Postnatal torsion is rare. A period of observation spares half of neonates from an operation, without decreasing ovarian salvage. Initial management should consist of observation, regardless of size or complex characteristics. If operative intervention is necessary, ovary preserving techniques should be utilized.     

卵巢囊肿蒂扭转保留卵巢腹腔镜手术62例报告

目的：探讨卵巢囊肿蒂扭转保留卵巢腹腔镜手术的价值。方法2007年1月～2012年6月我院收治卵巢囊肿蒂扭转62例,其中合并妊娠12例,腹腔镜下先高位结扎卵巢动、静脉,再将扭转的卵巢复位,剔除卵巢囊肿。结果62例均成功保留患侧卵巢。蒂扭转180°～1080°,其中＜360°19例,360°～720°21例,＞720°22例;颜色紫黑色26例,紫色或正常36例。手术时间（57±23）min;术中出血量5～130 ml,平均50．6 ml;术后肛门排气时间（24±13）h。无血栓形成、感染等,妊娠患者无流产等发生。术后1～3个月性激素水平恢复正常,6～24个月43例患侧卵巢有排卵。结论腹腔镜下高位结扎卵巢动静脉,剔除卵巢囊肿,既避免血栓脱落的可能,又能保留卵巢,是一种较好的手术方法,但对医师腹腔镜手术操作技能的要求较高。     

腹腔镜手术治疗老年良性妇科疾病的价值

目的探讨腹腔镜手术在老年妇科良性疾病中的应用价值及安全性。方法比较2001年1月～2006年12月27例腹腔镜手术（腹腔镜组）与25例开腹手术（开腹组）的临床资料。结果腹腔镜组手术时间（20．0±7．9）min明显短于开腹组（44．0±7．2）min（t=-11．419，P：0．000）；腹腔镜组术中出血量（21．9±20．0）m1明显少于开腹组（62．6ml±29．4）（t=-5．875，P：0．000）；腹腔镜组术后病率3例明显少于开腹组12例（，：8．606，P：0．001）；腹腔镜组术后排气时间（13．9±2．9）h明显短于开腹组（23．4±4．3）h（t=-9．404，P=0．000）；腹腔镜组住院时间（7．6±0．9）d明显少于开腹组（10．2±1．2）d（t=-8．882，P=0．000）。结论重视老年患者术前合并症的治疗，术中术后加强监护，腹腔镜是老年妇科疾病手术治疗理想的术式。     

单一部位切口腹腔镜手术在巨大卵巢肿瘤中的应用

目的探讨单一部位切口腹腔镜手术(laparoendoscopic single-site surgery,LESS)在巨大卵巢肿瘤(直径>10 cm)中的应用价值。方法对2017年4月~2018年12月在我院因巨大卵巢囊肿行卵巢囊肿剔除或患侧附件切除的46例资料进行回顾性分析,其中LESS 23例,肿瘤直径(16.32±5.06)cm,传统三孔腹腔镜手术23例,肿瘤直径(14.08±2.78)cm,2组差异无显著性(t=1.861,P=0.069)。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、手术并发症、术后24 h疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)、住院时间、术后满意度。结果LESS组行卵巢囊肿剔除18例,患侧附件切除2例,卵巢肿瘤分期手术(大网膜部分切除+盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结活检)3例;三孔组分别为16例、6例、1例。2组手术过程顺利,均无术中及术后并发症。LESS组无囊肿破裂,三孔组囊肿破裂5例(21.7%),差异有显著性(P=0.049),2组术式、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间差异无显著性(P>0.05),但术后切口疼痛VAS评分LESS组[(4.17±1.24)分]高于三孔组[(3.47±0.94分)](t=2.157,P=0.036)。术后6个月2组满意度差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论对于巨大卵巢肿瘤,LESS手术难度低,探查全面,安全可行,患者满意度高,具有一定的应用价值。     

腹腔镜手术治疗腹膜后纤维化致肾积水的疗效观察

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗腹膜后纤维化致肾积水的疗效.方法:对4例(5侧)腹膜后纤维化致肾积水患者,在腹腔镜下利用不同器械对包裹压迫的输尿管逐步进行安全有序的分离、松解,直至输尿管被完全游离出,术前或术中将双J管置入输尿管内,于输尿管后缝合侧后腹膜,使其腹膜内化.其中1例患者通过术中换体位再次进行双侧输尿管松解并腹膜内化,2例患者此前各有一侧输尿管已在开放手术下进行松解治疗.对此2例患者进行自身对照分析.结果:开放手术和腹腔镜手术均能松解腹膜后纤维化引起的输尿管压迫,消除肾积水,促进肾功能恢复.腹腔镜手术创伤小,恢复快,术中出血极少,住院时间短,无手术并发症,但手术时间稍长,费用稍高.结论:腹腔镜手术可以对腹膜后纤维化包裹压迫的输尿管进行良好松解,输尿管留置内支架管并腹膜内化是一种疗效确实、患者易接受的微创治疗方法.     

增加辅助孔的经脐单孔腹腔镜巨大卵巢囊肿手术

目的探讨改良经脐单孔腹腔镜治疗巨大(>10 cm)卵巢囊肿的安全性。方法2018年6月~2019年12月,行改良经脐单孔腹腔镜巨大卵巢囊肿手术57例,经脐开放式入路,切口2~2.5 cm,置入切口保护套及单孔Port,左下腹置5 mm trocar和器械协助。行卵巢囊肿剥除18例,附件切除25例,全子宫+单/双附件切除10例,全子宫+双附件+大网膜+盆腔淋巴结切除4例(其中2例加行阑尾切除术)。结果3例因严重粘连加右下腹5 mm trocar双人配合操作,其余54例均单人操作行增加一个辅助孔的经脐单孔腹腔镜手术,无中转开腹。术后随访1~18个月,平均12.3月,1例黏液性囊腺瘤剥除术后6个月复发。结论增加辅助孔的经脐单孔腹腔镜技术治疗巨大卵巢囊肿具有良好的器械操控性,可行切口保护,可安全、快速取出标本,具有一定的临床推广价值。     

Lumbar Pseudomeningocele Causing Hydronephrosis

Background/Objective: