慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者6分钟步行实验与最大摄氧量关系研究

目的比较慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者6分钟步行实验(6MWT)与最大摄氧量(VO2max)关系,进一步评价6分钟步行实验的客观性。方法 27例稳定期COPD(轻到极重度)患者进行心肺运动实验(CPET)测定、6MWT、静态肺功能测定,计算体重指数(BMI)。比较6MWT与VO2max相关性。结果VO2max/kg与6MWD呈正相关(r=0.821,P=0.000),得出与6MWD相关线性回归方程。结论 VO2max作为运动功能评定金标准,它与6MWT有较强相关性,进一步证实6MWT的可靠性。     

减重步行训练在脑瘫康复中的应用

目的 探讨减重步行训练对脑瘫患儿步行功能的影响.方法 50例脑瘫患儿分为对照组(n=20)、减重组(n=30),两组均进行综合康复治疗,减重组在此基础上加用减重步行训练.治疗前后采用粗大运动功能测试量表(GMFM)中D项和E项评分进行评定.结果 两组患儿GMFM评定D项和E项评分治疗前后均有非常显著性差异(P<0.01),治疗后减重组与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论 减重步行训练可促进脑瘫患儿步行能力提高.     

六分钟步行试验与摄氧量的相关性研究

背景:6 min步行试验是一种亚极量水平的运动试验,其操作简便、费用低廉,因而应用较广泛,然而将步行距离转换为最大运动能力是不易的.目的:课题组创新性地在6 min步行实验中引入做功的概念,将无线遥测呼吸气体分析仪同时应用于6 min步行试验和心肺运动试验,分析6 min步行试验中的距离、做功与峰值摄氧量与Bruce方案测得的最大摄氧量之间的相关性.设计、时间及地点:实验于2009-03/05在南京东南大学附属中大医院康复医学科完成.对象:健康受试者来自在中大医院康复医学科实习的学生,共25名,男14名,女11名;年龄(22.0±2.3)岁.方法:25名志愿者先按Bruce方案进行极量心肺运动试验,检测每位受试者极量运动时的最大摄氧量和无氧阈,再接受6 min步行试验,测量每位受试者的6 min步行距离、做功和峰值摄氧量.心肺运动试验和6 min步行试验均采用便携式K4b~2气体分析仪实时检测气体交换参数,以获得最大摄氧量和峰值摄氧量.主要观察指标:①摄氧量、心率、呼吸频率随时间的变化规律.②步行距离、做功、摄氧量、心率、呼吸频率的前后比较.③心肺运动试验中的最大摄氧量、无氧阈与6 min步行试验中的峰值摄氧量比较.④距离、做功与峰值摄氧量、最大摄氧量之间的相关性.结果:心肺运动试验测得的无氧阈与6 min步行试验测得的峰值摄氧量之间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05).6 min步行距离与峰值摄氧量和最大摄氧量均无明显相关;6 min步行做功与峰值摄氧量呈线性相关(r=0.779 7,P < 0.001);6 min步行做功与最大摄氧量亦呈线性相关(r=0.894 1,P < 0.001).结论:6 min步行试验是一种无氧阈水平的运动试验.6 min步行做功既可反映受试者亚极量运动的能力,也能反映受试者极量运动的能力.     

学龄期脑瘫儿童步行速度和耐力测试的信度及测量误差

目的:明确1min和6min步行距离测定在学龄期脑瘫患儿步行速度和耐力测试中的信度及测量误差.方法:以2011年9月-2012年9月在浙江省东阳市残疾人康复中心和上海三所特殊学校的学龄期脑瘫患儿为研究对象,共有28例脑瘫患儿纳入研究,有3例患儿不能独立行走6min,2例患儿没能完成第二次重复测试.在最后纳入分析的23例患儿中男性17例,女性6例;平均(10.7±2.6)岁,范围6.6-14.8岁;双瘫15例,偏瘫5例,共济失调1例,徐动型2例;粗大运动功能分级:Ⅰ级:7例,Ⅱ级:16例.令患儿在周长大约20m的椭圆形跑道在1min内尽快地行走,不允许跑,测量步行距离,计为1min步行距离(1MWD).在患儿休息30min后,令其以自身喜好的步速在往返50m的步道上连续步行6min,测定步行距离,计为6rmin步行距离(6MWD).同一患儿在间隔1-7d内相同时间、地点、状况下进行重复测定,通过比较前后测定结果之间的相关性确定重测信度和测量误差.结果:重测信度检验显示1MWD具有很好的信度(ICC=0.92),6MWD具有良好的信度(ICC=0.80),此外1MWD和6MWD两种测试均具有较小的重复测量误差.结论:1MWD可以用于测定学龄期脑瘫患儿步行速度,需要改变测试方法提高6MWD在测定步行距离和耐力时的重测信度.     

减重平板步行训练对学龄脑瘫患儿行走功能的影响

目的探讨减重平板步行训练对学龄脑瘫患儿康复疗效的影响。方法将35例脑瘫患儿分为3组：①减重训练组(即减重平板步行训练结合运动疗法,11例);②非减重训练组(即平板步行训练结合运动疗法,12例);③常规训练组(即常规步行训练,12例)。所有脑瘫患儿入选后分别在训练前和训练8周、12周时进行以下评定：粗大运动功能量表(GMFM)中的站立和行走两项,步行能力(WA),步行效率(WE)和功能性步行分级(FAC)。结果3组脑瘫患儿的各项评定指标在康复训练前无显著性差异(P>0.05)。经过12周的训练后,康复疗效较训练前改善(P<0.05)。GMFM、WA、WE和FAC均显示,减重平板步行训练效果显著(P<0.001)。结论减重平板步行训练可明显改善脑瘫患儿步行能力和步行效率,提高脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能中的站立与行走功能以及功能性步行分级。     

减重步行训练对脑性瘫痪患儿步行功能的效果

目的探讨减重步行训练对脑瘫患儿下肢功能的影响。方法 40例脑瘫患儿分为对照组和观察组各20例。对照组接受以Bobath法为主的基础康复和生物反馈,观察组在对照组基础上增加减重步行训练。共治疗2个月。治疗前后均采用粗大运动功能量表(GMFM)中的D区和E区进行评估。结果两组患儿治疗后,D区和E区评分均较治疗前提高(P<0.05),观察组较对照组提高更多(P<0.05)。结论增加减重步行训练可以进一步促进脑瘫患儿步行能力的提高。     

同步实时测峰值摄氧量与6min步行试验

目的：评价健康受试者6min步行试验（6MWT）中峰值摄氧量（peak VO2，PVO2）与步行距离的关系。方法：对51例健康受试者进行6min步行试验，同时采用无线遥测便携式K4B^2气体分析仪实时测量每次呼吸的VO2、VCO2等气体交换参数。结果：6MWT的步行距离与PVO2呈线性相关（r=0．619，P〈0．001），回归方程VO2/kg=0．05D-6．331（P〈0．001）。PVO2〉PVCO2，R〈1，提示6MWT为无氧阈以下的运动试验。结论：6MWT步行距离与PVO2密切相关，此方法安全简便，对于评价心肺功能以及评估心肺康复治疗疗效有很好的应用价值。     

康复机器人辅助步行训练对脑瘫患儿步行能力的影响

摘要 目的：探讨康复机器人辅助步行训练对脑瘫患儿步行能力的影响。 方法：将32例患儿随机分为机器人组和对照组,每组16例,均进行8周康复训练。所有患儿均采用常规康复治疗,机器人组在此基础上给予康复机器人辅助步行训练。分别在训练前和训练后采用粗大运动功能测试量表(GMFM)中D区和E区评分进行评定。 结果：两组患儿各项指标在治疗前无显著性差异(P>0.05)。经过治疗后,对照组与机器人组患儿的GMFM D区评分分别为59.33±20.69,77.24±17.35;E区评分分别为：41.58±9.81,49.81±21.06,两组评分较治疗前都明显提高(P<0.01),且机器人组的评分优于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论：康复机器人辅助步行训练可显著提高脑瘫患儿的步行能力。     

悬吊训练对痉挛型脑瘫患儿平衡功能和粗大运动功能的影响

目的 探讨悬吊训练对痉挛型脑瘫患儿平衡功能及粗大运动功能的影响。 方法 选取浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院康复科门诊就诊的痉挛性脑瘫患儿80例,按随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组患儿40例。所有患儿均给予常规康复训练,治疗组在此基础上联合悬吊训练（训练频率为每周6次,每次30 min,持续6个月）。于治疗前、治疗6个月后采用GMFM分级量表（GMFM-88）、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、10米步行速度（10MWT）分别评估2组患儿的粗大运动功能、平衡功能和步行功能。 结果 治疗后,2组患儿的GMFM-D评分、GMFM-E评分、BBS评分和10MWT与组内治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且治疗组治疗后的GMFM-D评分、GMFM-E评分、BBS评分和10MWT分别为（33.38±6.32）分、（40.25±7.66）分、（32.35±4.43）分和（14.03±2.89）m/min,均显著优于对照组治疗后,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 常规康复训练联合悬吊训练不仅可以改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿的平衡功能和粗大运动功能,还可提高其步行能力。     

核心稳定性训练对痉挛型脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能及步行能力的影响

目的探讨核心稳定性训练对痉挛型脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能及步行能力的影响。方法痉挛型脑瘫患儿60 例分为两组,对照组(n=30)只接受常规康复训练,试验组(n=30)接受常规的康复训练,在每次运动疗法训练中抽出10~15 min 接受专门提高核心稳定性的训练。两组均治疗3 个月。在康复治疗前后,分别采用粗大运动功能量表(GMFM-88)的D区、E 区及足印分析法进行评估。结果两组治疗后GMFM的D区和E 区评分、步长、步宽、步速均优于治疗前(P<0.05),试验组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论核心稳定性训练结合常规康复训练有利于改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿的粗大运动功能及步行能力。     

使用助行器械和矫形器步行训练的最新进展

本文介绍了助行器和矫形器在步行训练上最新进展,包括实现功能性电刺激的下肢矫形器、实现截瘫步行的下肢矫形器、重度偏瘫步行重建的下肢矫形器、治疗下肢痉挛的下肢矫形器,可以爬楼梯的轮椅等,供大家在临床康复工作中借鉴和应用.     

使用助行器械和矫形器步行训练的评估问题

使用助行器和矫形器进行步行训练是康复医学的常用方法.正确地评价助行器和矫形器的治疗效果是十分重要的.本文介绍了几种常见的评价方法,供在临床康复工作中借鉴和应用.     

Technology-based programs to improve walking behavior of persons with multiple disabilities: two single-case studies

Purpose: Assessing two technology-based programs for reducing toe walking and breaks during walking of two men with multiple disabilities, respectively.Method: The men were involved in separate single-case studies, each of which was carried out according to an ABAB design. The technology included a microprocessor with specific software, optic sensors, and visual plus vibrotactile or auditory systems for presenting preferred stimuli. In Study I, the man received 1 s of preferred flickering lights and vibratory input for each step performed with the heel of the left foot touching the ground or coming close to it (i.e. within a 2-mm distance). In Study II, the other man received 10 s of preferred music anytime he crossed one of the small marks present along the travel routes. Results: The B phases showed that (a) the man included in Study I increased the percentages of left- and right-foot steps performed with the heels touching or nearing the ground to above 85% and 70%, respectively, and (b) the man included in Study II walked with very few breaks. Conclusion: Technology-based programs can be highly effective in helping persons with multiple disabilities improve their walking behavior.

Implications for Rehabilitation

• A technology-aided program ensuring preferred stimulation for steps performed with adequate foot position might reduce toe walking in persons with multiple disabilities (MD).

• A technology-aided program ensuring preferred stimulation for walking might improve walking continuity in persons with MD.

• Technology-aided programs can be an important resource to improve walking behavior of persons with MD.

     

踝足矫形器对脑卒中偏瘫患者步行能力的影响

目的:从步行速度和步行效率两方面来研究踝足矫形器(AFO)对脑卒中偏瘫患者步行能力的影响。方法:选择10例年龄相匹配的健康人和30例脑卒中偏瘫患者分别在穿着AFO和不穿着AFO的情况下评测10m最大步行速度和生理消耗指数(PCI)。结果:患者的步行速度在穿着AFO情况下比不穿着AFO情况明显提高(P<0.01);患者的PCI在穿着AFO情况下比不穿着AFO情况明显降低(P<0.01),步行速度较慢的患者PCI较步行速度较快的患者降低更为明显(P<0.01)。健康人在穿着AFO情况下不但步行速度并没有得到改善(P>0.05),PCI反而明显升高(P<0.01)。结论:AFO可以提高脑卒中偏瘫患者步行速度和步行效率,改善患者的步行能力。步行速度越接近健康人的步行速度的偏瘫患者,AFO对步行效率改善程度也就越小。     

Nordic walking for geriatric rehabilitation: a randomized pilot trial

Purpose: There is a need to identify effective interventions to promote walking capacity in seniors. This study compares nordic walking (NW) and usual overground walking (OW) and estimates the relative efficacy in improving walking capacity (endurance and gait speed) of the elderly. Method: Single blind, site-stratified, randomized, pilot trial designed to estimate the amount of change with NW and OW. Main outcomes were distance walked measured by 6-min walk test (6MWT) and comfortable gait speed measured by 5-meter walk test (5MWT). Explanatory variables were age, sex, number of comorbidities, walking aids, balance, pain, and leg function. Results: NW and OW participants improved, respectively, 45 and 41 m on 6MWT and increased their gait speed by 0.14 and 0.07 m/s, respectively. NW effect sizes were moderate for 6MWT (ES = 0.53) and large for gait speed (effect size (ES) = 0.68). OW demonstrated moderate effect size for 6MWT (ES = 0.53) but a small one for gait speed (ES = 0.33). Relative efficacy, which was obtained from the ratio of NW and OW effects’ sizes, was 1 for 6MWT and 2.06 for gait speed. Conclusions: NW is 106% more effective in improving gait speed among elderly than OW.

Implications for Rehabilitation

• Elderly are the fastest growing segment of the population. With advanced age, greater number of disabilities, and consequently mobility limitations, are observed among this group.

• Nordic walking is a more intensive form of walking, using muscles of upper and lower body. There’s evidence that nordic walking leads to greater cardiorespiratory workload without an increase in the level of exertion.

• In this study, nordic walking was 106% more efficient than regular walking in improving gait speed among the elderly.

• Clinicians specialized in geriatric rehabilitation may contribute to improve gait speed of seniors by adding nordic walking, a non-expensive and feasible option, to their physiotherapy sessions.

     

一种轮椅式下肢助行机器人的设计及运动学仿真分析

目的:设计一种轮椅式下肢助行机器人,以协助下肢患者进行日常的助行康复训练。方法:利用升降机构和腿部助力机构来完成对下肢患者的助行康复训练,并通过MATLAB软件对腿部助力机构进行了运动学仿真分析。结果:仿真结果表明,在腿部助力机构的带动下,患者腿部的运动规律符合正常人行走时的步态特征曲线。结论:证明了机构设计的合理性,可以用于下肢患者的助行训练。     

Indirect calorimetry during treadmill walking — a study of two methods

Walking is a complex process and the physiotherapist must focus on physical signs as well as functional and practical tests to evaluate treatment. Measurement of energy expenditure during level walking is a useful objective parameter for assessing walking as being a valuable supplement to evaluate the outcome of physiotherapy. This study had two purposes. The first purpose was to investigate whether sampling and measurement of oxygen consumption were reproducible when using two different devices during walking on a treadmill. A second purpose was to find out whether the measurements were sensitive enough to reveal differences in energy expenditure and respiratory quotient (RQ) during different walking speeds. Ten healthy students (mean age 22 years; range 20–25 years) volunteered in the test-retest of a slightly adjusted Deltatrac metabolic monitor. Thirteen volunteers (mean age 45 years; range 31–57 years) participated in the test-retest of Sensormedics 2900. In the first test, the subjects walked for 10 min in order to get a steady state both at an individual comfortable speed and at a preset speed. The retest was done with the same design and within 2 weeks. Nobody experienced any discomfort during the tests. The repeatability of measuring energy expenditure and RQ was acceptable for both methods and the methods were sensitive in revealing differences in energy expenditure during different walking speeds. The RQ were, however, too low when using the Deltatrac monitor, probably as a result of low air flow. We therefore conclude that only the method using Sensormedics 2900 may be used for the evaluation of energy expenditure during walking on a treadmill.     

用Berg平衡量表和最大步行速度评价脑卒中患者的户外步行自立性

目的用Berg平衡量表(BBS)和步行速度作为评价工具,来判别脑卒中患者的户外步行自立性。方法80例脑卒中患者依据户外步行自立性评价分为两组:步行自立组与步行非自立组。用BBS、10m最大步行速度(MWS)对每位患者进行评定。结果BBS和MWS预测户外步行自立性正确率为88.8%。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析提示判断户外步行自立性的最佳BBS临界值为49.5分,其相应的敏感性为86.2%,特异性为78.4%,ROC曲线下面积为0.905;判断户外步行自立性的最佳MWS临界值为1.0m/s,其相应的敏感性为93.1%,特异性为90.2%,ROC曲线下面积为0.961。结论BBS和MWS作为筛查工具可以较好地评价脑卒中患者的户外步行自立性。