基于蒙特卡罗EGS4算法的核素内照射吸收剂量计算方法探讨

目的 以蒙特卡罗EGS4算法(Monte Carlo EGS4,MC EGS4)为基础,用时序性SPECT/CT检查探讨核素内照射治疗吸收剂量的计算方法.方法 用体模标定153Sm放射性浓度与SPECT图像灰度值的关系;用RMI467型CT体模标定不同组织物理密度与CT图像灰度值的关系;优化MC EGS4计算程序.以此为基础,通过时序性SPECT/CT检查和累积尿液的放射性测定,计算4例肿瘤多发骨转移患者153Sm-乙二胺四亚甲基膦酸(EDTMP,按体重注射24.1 MBq/kg)内照射治疗后不同靶器官的三维吸收剂量分布和病灶、骨髓、脊髓、盆腔性腺组织的吸收剂量.结果 SPECT和CT图像的灰度值分别与153Sm放射性浓度和组织物理密度之间存在线性对应关系(P＜0.05).多发骨转移癌患者骨转移灶的153Sm-EDTMP吸收剂量分布明显不均,放射性累积中心点吸收剂量最高,边缘区域剂量降低.1例患者最高点内照射吸收剂量率为4.3×10-8 Gy·s-1,左髂骨转移灶最高吸收剂量约为5.6 Gy,病灶边缘吸收剂量为2.0 Gy.其他3例患者病灶最高点吸收剂量率分别为4.5×10-8,3.5×10-8,3.8×10-8 Gy·s-1.结论 基于MC EGS4算法,用时序性SPECT/CT可计算核素内照射治疗患者的病灶和其他靶器官吸收剂量及其三维分布.     

^153Sm—EDTMP显像测定骨摄取率在个体化治疗剂量计算中的应用

目的 探讨^153Sm-乙二胺四甲撑膦酸（EDTMP）全身显像法在个体化给药剂量计算中的价值。方法 对20例骨转移癌患者进行^153Sm-EDTMP显像,计算骨摄取率,并与尿液收集法进行比较。结果 显像法与尿液收集法所测得的骨摄取率之间具有很好的相关性（r=0.93)。根据显像法计算的骨摄取率,给药剂量为1．40－2．27GBq(平均1．90GBq),骨髓吸收剂量为1．37－1．43Gy(平均1．40Gy)。按标准体重计算,则应给予的剂量为1．75－2．41GBq（平均2．18GBq),骨髓吸收剂量为1．37－2．27Gy(平均1．63Gy)。两种方法给药剂量之间差异有显著性（t=4.075,P=0.001),同髓吸收剂量差异也有显著性（t=4.030,P=0.001)。结论 骨转移癌患者治疗剂量按^153Sm-EDTMP显像法测定的骨摄取率进行个体化给药,在达到治疗目的同时,还可避免发生骨髓毒性反应,具有重要的临床价值。     

~(153)Sm-EDTMP显像测定骨摄取率在个体化治疗剂量计算中的应用

目的　探讨153 Sm 乙二胺四甲撑膦酸 (EDTMP)全身显像法在个体化给药剂量计算中的价值。方法　对 2 0例骨转移癌患者进行153 Sm EDTMP显像 ,计算骨摄取率 ,并与尿液收集法进行比较。结果　显像法与尿液收集法所测得的骨摄取率之间具有很好的相关性 (r =0 .93)。根据显像法计算的骨摄取率 ,给药剂量为 1.40～ 2 .2 7GBq(平均 1.90GBq) ,骨髓吸收剂量为 1.37～ 1.43Gy(平均1.40Gy)。按标准体重计算 ,则应给予的剂量为 1.75～ 2 .41GBq(平均 2 .18GBq) ,骨髓吸收剂量为1 37～ 2 .2 7Gy(平均 1.63Gy)。两种方法给药剂量之间差异有显著性 (t=4.0 75 ,P =0 .0 0 1) ,骨髓吸收剂量差异也有显著性 (t=4.0 30 ,P =0 .0 0 1)。结论　骨转移癌患者治疗剂量按153 Sm EDTMP显像法测定的骨摄取率进行个体化给药 ,在达到治疗目的的同时 ,还可避免发生骨髓毒性反应 ,具有重要的临床价值。     

骨转移癌治疗药物153Sm EDTMP辐射剂量研究

153Sm-EDTMP(乙二胺四甲撑膦酸)是一种可望用于骨转移癌缓解治疗的放射性药物。注入示踪量153Sm-EDTMP,准确计算出红骨髓的吸收剂量,是建立安全、有效的骨转移癌治疗方案的重要组成部分。本文介绍了计算吸收剂量的一般原理和方法,并综述了近期在153Sm-EDTMP辐射剂量及其效应方面的研究进展。     

89SrCl2与153Sm-乙二胺四亚甲基膦酸治疗骨转移癌的对比研究

目的 对比研究89SrCl2和153Sm-乙二胺四亚甲基膦酸(153Sm-EDTMP)治疗骨转移癌疗效.方法 120例骨转移患者随机分为89SrCl2治疗组和153Sm-EDTMP治疗组,分别为69例和51例,89SrCl2剂量为1.11～2.22 MBq/Kg,153Sm-EDTMP剂量为25.9～37.0 MBq/kg,3～6月复查SPECT,对止痛效果、转移灶变化及不良反应进行比较分析.结果 89SrCl2组总有效率、显效、有效、无效分别为92.8%、69.6%、23.3%、7.2%;153Sm-EDTMP组的总有效率、显效、有效、无效分别为94.2%、66.7%、27.5%、5.8%,两组比较的差异无统计学意义(X2=4.98,P>0.05);89SrCl2治疗组骨转移病灶Ⅰ级(变淡,缩小或消失,无新增病灶出现)为56.5%,153Sm-EDTMP组为54.9%,两组比较的差异无统计学意义(X2=4.81,P>0.05);骨髓抑制情况(白细胞和血小板中任一项降低)分别为40.8%和59.2%,两组比较的差异有统计学意义(X2=7.45,P<0.05).结论 153Sm-EDTMP和89SrCl2控制乳腺癌、前列腺癌及大多数肺癌骨转移疼痛有效,可根据经济条件选择相应药物.89SrCl2疗效持久,相对骨髓抑制较小,更安全可靠,可作为早期骨转移患者的首选药物.     

热释光剂量计测量125I粒子源植入中职业人员剂量方法研究

目的 研究用热释光剂量计(TLD)测量并计算¹²⁵I粒子源植入中职业人员器官和组织接受的吸收剂量及有效剂量方法。方法 用⁶⁰Co γ射线开展TLD稳定性等相关性能实验。用¹²⁵I粒子源照射一组TLD片,建立空气比释动能标准剂量曲线。将TLD片分别贴在粒子源植入过程中职业人员铅衣内外甲状腺等13个部位,测量平均吸收剂量,计算器官和组织的吸收剂量和有效剂量。结果 3例前列腺癌粒子源植入术中,职业人员铅衣外器官和组织吸收剂量0.02~3.80 μGy,有效剂量0.06~1.81 μSv;铅衣内最高吸收剂量2.35 μGy,有效剂量0.02 μSv,屏蔽65.9%以上γ射线。3例脑癌中,职业人员铅衣外器官和组织吸收剂量0.23~11.31 μGy,有效剂量0.88~4.07 μSv;铅衣内最高吸收剂量2.22 μGy,有效剂量0.09 μSv,屏蔽54.5%以上射线。3例肺癌中,职业人员铅衣外器官和组织吸收剂量0.03~14.78 μGy,有效剂量0.35~7.59 μSv;铅衣内最高吸收剂量4.09 μGy,有效剂量0.22 μSv,屏蔽58.4%以上射线。2例纵隔癌中,职业人员铅衣外器官和组织的吸收剂量为0.06~74.91 μGy,有效剂量0.83~17.96 μSv;铅衣内最高吸收剂量10.29 μGy,有效剂量0.50 μSv,屏蔽85%以上射线。1例卵巢癌中,职业人员铅衣外器官和组织吸收剂量0.09~14.29 μGy,有效剂量2.40~4.50 μSv;铅衣内最高吸收剂量7.77 μGy,有效剂量0.12 μSv,屏蔽33.4%以上射线。植入1例眼睛癌中,职业人员铅衣外器官和组织吸收剂量为2.20~39.84 μGy,有效剂量4.48~10.06 μSv;铅衣内最高吸收剂量5.19 μGy,有效剂量0.16 μSv,屏蔽54.6%以上射线。结论 用TLD监测粒子源植入中职业人员剂量的方法简单易行,是保护近距离植入粒子源治疗中医务人员健康的有效措施。     

^89SrCl2与^153Sm-乙二胺四亚甲基膦酸治疗骨转移癌的对比研究

目的对比研究^89SrCl2和^153Sm-乙二胺四亚甲基膦酸（^153Sm-EDTMP）治疗骨转移癌疗效。方法120例骨转移患者随机分为SOSrCl2治疗组和^153Sm-EDTMP治疗组,分别为69例和51例,^89SrCl2剂量为1．11-2．22MBq／kg,^153Sm-EDTMP剂量为25．9～37．0MBq／kg,3-6月复查SPECT,对止痛效果、转移灶变化及不良反应进行比较分析。结果^89SrCl2组总有效率、显效、有效、无效分别为92．8％、69．6％、23．3％、7．2％;^153Sm-EDTMP组的总有效率、显效、有效、无效分别为94．2％、66．7％、27．5％、5．8％,两组比较的差异无统计学意义（χ^2=4．98,P〉0．05）;^89SrCl2治疗组骨转移病灶Ⅰ级（变淡,缩小或消失,无新增病灶出现）为56．5％,^153Sm-EDTMP组为54．9％,两组比较的差异无统计学意义（χ^2=4．81,P〉0．05）;骨髓抑制情况（白细胞和血小板中任一项降低）分别为40．8％和59．2％,两组比较的差异有统计学意义（r=7．45,P〈0．05）。结论^153sm-EDTMP和^89SrCl2控制乳腺癌、前列腺癌及大多数肺癌骨转移疼痛有效,可根据经济条件选择相应药物。^89SrCl2疗效持久,相对骨髓抑制较小,更安全可靠,可作为早期骨转移患者的首选药物。     

不同活度125I粒子植入后不同时间肿瘤吸收剂量对比

目的 探讨周边剂量相同时不同活度125I粒子植入后不同时间点肿瘤吸收剂量的差异.方法 利用计算机三维治疗计划系统(3D-TPS)勾画出边长3.5 cm正方体模拟肿瘤,分别载入125I粒子0.8 mCi(A组)、0.3 mCi(B组)并周边分布,处方剂量145 Gy,得出剂量-体积直方图(DVH)及100％靶体积吸收剂量(D100)、90％靶体积吸收剂量(D90)、150％处方剂量覆盖的体积占靶体积百分比(V150)、90％处方剂量覆盖的体积占靶体积百分比(V90)、最高剂量点等指标.根据125I粒子衰变规律公式,分别计算A、B组粒子植入后1、2、3、4、5、6个月时粒子活度,计算两组粒子植入后各时间点肿瘤实际吸收剂量,比较两组各时间点肿瘤实际吸收剂量、D100、D90、V150 V90最高剂量点等指标.结果 A组、B组粒子植入后1、2、3、4、5、6个月时肿瘤实际吸收剂量均值相同,均为(81.43±46.20) Gy;D100分别为(49.14±34.65) Gy、(38.86±27.43) Gy,差异有统计学意义(P=0.009);D90均为(64.57±46.20) Gy;V150分别为(7.96±8.62)％、(7.58±10.65)％,差异无统计学意义(P=0.398);V90分别为(25.83±35.76)％、(26.16±35.97)％,差异无统计学意义(P=0.866);最高剂量点分别为(798.29±568.07) Gy、(359.29±256.36) Gy,差异有统计学意义(P=0.010).结论 周边剂量相同时125I粒子植入后不同时间点肿瘤吸收剂量相同,粒子活度对肿瘤吸收剂量速率无影响,高活度组粒子靶区内最高剂量点明显高于低活度组,高剂量区持续时间较长于低活度组.     

热释光剂量计测量125Ⅰ粒子源植入中职业人员剂量方法研究

目的 研究用热释光剂量计(TLD)测量并计算125Ⅰ粒子源植入中职业人员器官和组织接受的吸收剂量及有效剂量方法.方法 用60Co γ射线开展TLD稳定性等相关性能实验.用125Ⅰ粒子源照射一组TLD片,建立空气比释动能标准剂量曲线.将TLD片分别贴在粒子源植入过程中职业人员铅衣内外甲状腺等13个部位,测量平均吸收剂量,计算器官和组织的吸收剂量和有效剂量.结果 3例前列腺癌粒子源植入术中,职业人员铅衣外器官和组织吸收剂量0.02～3.80 μGy,有效剂量0.06～1.81 μSv;铅衣内最高吸收剂量2.35 μGy,有效剂量0.02 μSv,屏蔽65.9%以上γ射线.3例脑癌中,职业人员铅衣外器官和组织吸收剂量0.23～11.31 μGy,有效剂量0.88～4.07 μSv;铅衣内最高吸收剂量2.22 μGy,有效剂量0.09μSv,屏蔽54.5%以上射线.3例肺癌中,职业人员铅衣外器官和组织吸收剂量0.03～14.78 μGy,有效剂量0.35～7.59 μSv;铅衣内最高吸收剂量4.09 μGy,有效剂量0.22 μSv,屏蔽58.4%以上射线.2例纵隔癌中,职业人员铅衣外器官和组织的吸收剂量为0.06～74.91 μGy,有效剂量0.83～17.96 μSv;铅衣内最高吸收剂量10.29 μGy,有效剂量0.50 μSv,屏蔽85%以上射线.1例卵巢癌中,职业人员铅衣外器官和组织吸收剂量0.09～14.29 μGy,有效剂量2.40～4.50 μSv;铅衣内最高吸收剂量7.77 μGy,有效剂量0.12 μSv,屏蔽33.4%以上射线.植入1例眼睛癌中,职业人员铅衣外器官和组织吸收剂量为2.20～39.84 μGy,有效剂量4.48～10.06 μSv;铅衣内最高吸收剂量5.19 μGy,有效剂量0.16 μSv,屏蔽54.6%以上射线.结论 用TLD监测粒子源植入中职业人员剂量的方法简单易行,是保护近距离植入粒子源治疗中医务人员健康的有效措施.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the method for measuring and calculating both absorbed dose and effective dose received in organ and tissues of occupational workers by using TLDs for the implantation of 125Ⅰ seed sources.Methods The experiments with 60Co γ-rays were carried out for the stability.A group of TLD chips was exposed to 125Ⅰ seed sources to establish standard dose curve for air kerma.During the 125Ⅰ seed implantation, the TLD chips were pasted to 13 locations like thyroid inside and outside the lead aprons worn by occupational workers to measure average absorbed dose and calculate the absorbed doses and effectives to organs and tissues.Results For 3 cases of prostate cancers with implantation of 125Ⅰ seeds, the worker's organs and tissues received the absorbed dose 0.02 -3.80 μ Gy and effective dose 0.06- 1.81 μSv outside lead aprons and the highest absorbed dose 2.35 μ Gy and effective 0.02 μSv inside lead aprons, respectively, with more than 65.9% of rays shielded.For 3 cases of brain cancers with implantation of 125Ⅰ seeds, the workers received the absorbed dose 0.23 - 11.31 μGy and effective dose 0.88 - 4.07 μSv outside lead aprons and the highest absorbed dose 2.22 μ Gy and effective dose 0.09 μSv inside lead aprons, respectively, with more than 54.5% of rays shielded.For 3 cases of lung cancers with implantation of 125Ⅰ seeds, the workers received the absorbed dose 0.03 - 14.78 μGy and effective dose 0.35 -7.59 μSv outside lead aprons and the highest absorbed dose 4.09 μGy and effective 0.22 μSv inside lead aprons, respectively, with more than 58.4% of rays shielded.For 2 cases of mediastinum cancers with implantation of 125Ⅰseeds, the workers received the absorbed dose 0.06 - 74.91 μGy and effective dose 0.83 - 17.96 μSv outside lead aprons and the highest absorbed dose 10.29 μGy and effective 0.5 μSv inside lead aprons, respectively, with more than 85% of rays shielded.For one case of ovary cancer with implantation of 125Ⅰ seeds, the worker received the absorbed dose 0.09 - 14.29 μGy and effective dose 2.40 - 4.50 μSv outside lead aprons and the highest absorbed dose 7.77 μGy and effective 0.12 μSv inside lead aprons, respectively, with more than 34% of rays shielded.For one case of eye cancer with implantation of 125Ⅰ seeds, the workers received the absorbed dose 2.2 -39.84 μGy and effective dose 4.48 - 10.06 μSv outside aprons and the highest absorbed dose 5.19 μGy and effective 0.16 μSv inside aprons, respectively, with more than 54.6 % of rays shielded.Conclusions The method of using TLDs to measure the doses to the occupational workers in the course of the implantation of 125Ⅰ seed sources is simple and easy to operate.It would be an effective approach to protecting medical workers in the case of brachytherapy.     

CT引导125Ⅰ粒子植入治疗非小细胞肺癌的剂量学验证

目的对125Ⅰ粒子植入治疗非小细胞肺癌进行剂量学验证.方法37例确诊的非小细胞肺癌患者,由放射治疗计划系统(TPS)通过CT引导植入125Ⅰ粒子,并行验证.定期进行复查.结果除2例无效外,1O例患者的病灶消失,25例明显缩小;瘤体的平均吸收剂量为150.5 Gy,匹配周缘吸收剂量(DMP)为86.6 Gy,靶区90%体积的吸收剂量(D90)为92.4 Gy,D90＞DMP.结论125Ⅰ粒子植入治疗非小细胞肺癌安全可行.     

手法复位与传统牵引肩关节脱位整复的疗效比较

目的通过对肩关节脱位整复不同方法与传统牵引方法的比较,探讨快速的复位方法。方法回顾性分析传统牵引方法与Eskimo法和Hippocratesi法整复治疗肩关节脱位的治疗效果。结果A组(Eskimo法)46例患者一次性复位成功45例,占97.8%,2次性复位成功2例,占4.4%:B组(Hippocratesi法)46例患者一次性复位成功38例,占79.1%,2次性复位成功8例,占20.9%:对照组88例患者一次性复位成功54例,占61.5%,2次性复位成功34例,占38.5%。结论手法复位优于传统牵引方法,且两种手法复位相比,Eskimo法疗效更可靠。     

Comperative evaluation of Nolla,Willems and Cameriere methods for age estimation of Turkish children in the Central Black Sea Region: A preliminary study

PurposeSince dental age estimation methods' accuracy and reliability levels differ in each society, the method should be appropriate for societies. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of Nolla, Willems, and Cameriere methods to Turkish children in the Central Black Sea Region.Material and methodThis study was conducted based on the panoramic radiographs of 400 children between the ages of 6–14 years admitted to Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry for examination between 2016 and 2020. Nolla, Willems, and Cameriere methods estimated dental age on the selected panoramic radiographs. While 14 teeth in the left mandible and maxilla were evaluated for Nolla method, seven teeth in the left mandible were evaluated for Willems and Cameriere methods. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS V23. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between the chronological age (CA) and dental age (DA), and the paired sample t-test was used to analyze the difference.ResultsA statistically significant difference was found between CA-Nolla dental age (p = 0.002), CA-Willems dental age (p < 0.001), and CA-Cameriere dental age (p = 0.033) in boys. The mean differences between dental age and chronological age in boys were −0.24 years in the Nolla method, +0.49 years in Willems method, and −0.17 years in the Cameriere method. A statistically significant difference was found between CA-Nolla dental age (p = 0.001) and CA-Willems dental age (p < 0.001) in girls. The mean differences between dental age and chronological age in girls were −0.27 years in the Nolla method, +0.76 years in the Willems method, and −0.1 years in the Cameriere method.ConclusionIn this study method providing closest estimation for chronological age among children aged 6–14.99 that were examined in Central Black Sea Region, was the Cameriere method in both girls (79.9%) and boys (80.6%), followed by Nolla method and Willems method, respectively.     

核壳结构聚合物微容器的制备及其医用前景

具有核-壳结构的聚合物微容器不仅可以保护核内包封的物质，而且通过其壳层聚合物材料对环境酸碱度、离子强度、温度等务件的变化相应发生的分子链的可逆收缩与伸展，实现对核内物质的可控吸附和释放，在医学和生物学领域有着许多潜在的用途和优势。本文综述了近年来核-壳结构聚合物微容器的制备方法、智能化控制释放机制及其潜在应用研究进展。     

Magnetic resonance imaging based determination of body compartments with the versatile, interactive sparse sampling (VISS) method

Purpose:

To investigate the inhomogeneity of radiofrequency fields at higher field strengths that can interfere with established volumetric methods, in particular for the determination of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT). A versatile, interactive sparse sampling (VISS) method is proposed to determine VAT, SCAT, and also total body volume (TBV).

Materials and Methods:

VISS is based on a separation of major components by contour lines, followed by a sparse sampling algorithm, and eventually a quick manual correction. T1‐weighted whole body scans of 24 subjects were evaluated (12 at 1.5T, 12 at 3.0T).

Results:

(a) Coefficients of variance (CV) and intra class correlation coefficients (ICC) determined within 3 raters (24 subjects) showed high consistency for SCAT (CV 2.2%, ICC 0.993) and VAT (CV 4.9%, ICC 0.987), (b) comparison with an established volumetric method revealed good agreement (Bland‐Altman, VAT ?0.68L to 1.07L, SCAT ?2.18L to 8.39L), and (c) comparison of weights calculated from TBV with values measured on a scale resulted in an even better accuracy for VISS (Bland‐Altman ?1.98 kg to 4.09 kg) than for the reference method (?5.60 kg to 1.60 kg).

Conclusion:

VISS is reproducible in particular within the same rater, accurate as compared with established methods, and robust against low contrast and inhomogeneity artifacts. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:951–960. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

     

用热流法代替代谢法测定服装隔热值

采用热流法及传统的代谢法测定冬季飞行服的隔热值并进行对比。结果表明，两种方法测定的隔热值无显著性差异（t=1．197，P＞0．05）。热流法符合传热学规律，与代谢法比较，不仅操作简便，节省人力和设备，而且能够同时测定服装整体和各个部位的隔热值。     

Activity standardization of 134Cs and 137Cs

The paper presents the results from a primary standardization of ¹³⁷Cs using two independent methods – efficiency tracing using PC-NaI coincidence and the TDCR method. The nuclides ⁶⁰Co and ¹³⁴Cs were used as the tracers. Primary standardization of the ¹³⁴Cs is also discussed. The efficiency extrapolation was carried out by measuring samples of varying mass and using the wet extrapolation method. The results obtained are in good agreement; the differences did not exceed 0.5%. The advantages, pitfalls and also possibilities for improvement of the procedures are discussed.     

Dose attenuation effect of hip prostheses in a 9-MV photon beam: commercial treatment planning system versus Monte Carlo calculations

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the dosimetric effect of various hip prostheses on pelvis lateral fields treated by a 9-MV photon beam using Monte Carlo (MC) and effective path-length (EPL) methods. Material and methods The head of the Neptun 10 pc linac was simulated using the MCNP4C MC code. The accuracy of the MC model was evaluated using measured dosimetric features including depth dose values and dose profiles in a water phantom. The Alfard treatment planning system (TPS) was used for EPL calculations. A virtual water phantom with dimensions of 30 × 30 × 30 cm³ and a cube with dimensions of 4 × 4 × 4 cm³ made of various metals centered in 12 cm depth was used for MC and EPL calculations. Various materials including titanium, Co-Cr-Mo, and steel alloys were used as hip prostheses. Results Our results showed significant attenuation in absorbed dose for points after and inside the prostheses. Attenuations of 32%, 54% and 55% were seen for titanium, Co-Cr-Mo, and steel alloys, respectively, at a distance of 5 cm from the prosthesis. Considerable dose increase (up to 18%) was found at the water–prosthesis interface due to back-scattered electrons using the MC method. The results of EPL calculations for the titanium implant were comparable to the MC calculations. This method, however, was not able to predict the interface effect or calculate accurately the absorbed dose in the presence of the Co-Cr-Mo and steel prostheses. Conclusion The dose perturbation effect of hip prostheses is significant and cannot be predicted accurately by the EPL method for Co-Cr-Mo or steel prostheses. The use of MC-based TPS is recommended for treatments requiring fields passing through hip prostheses.     

腹腔镜四孔法与三孔法胆囊切除对比研究

目的 :探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术四孔法与三孔法的临床效果。方法 :回顾与总结腹腔镜胆囊切除 10 98例的临床资料、对四孔法与三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术临床效果进行对比研究。结果 :普通的腹腔镜胆囊切除术四孔法与三孔法各项临床指导差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;难度大的胆囊切除术手术时间和术中出血量四孔法显著优于三孔法 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :腹腔镜胆囊切除术可优先选用三孔法。     

鲨鱼硫酸软骨素两种测定方法的比较研究

目的 比较2种鲨鱼硫酸软骨素含量的测定方法.方法 以硫酸软骨素、氨基己糖为标准品,采用咔唑法、Elson-Morgan法分别测定鲨鱼软骨提取物中硫酸软骨素的含量.结果 咔唑法在4.710～47.100 μg/ml范围内,线性关系良好(r=0.9999),溶液在3 h内稳定性良好,相对标准差RSD=1.21%,重现性试验RSD=1.36%(n=6),精密度试验RSD=0.46%(n=6),平均回收率为99.60%,RSD=1.39%(n=6).Elson-Moran法在2.552～25.520μg/ml范围内,线性关系良好(r=0.9996),溶液在3 h内稳定性良好,RSD=1.62%,重现性试验RSD=2.61%(n=6),精密度试验RSD=1.07%(n=6),平均回收率为96.55%,RSD=2.43%(n=6).结论 咔唑法测定鲨鱼硫酸软骨素含量较Elson-Morgan 法简便、快速、准确,可作为测定鲨鱼硫酸软骨素含量的方法.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the two methods for the determination of the shark chondroitin sulfate. Methods Using chondroitin sulfate and aminohexose as standards to determine the content of the shark chondroitin sulfate by the carbazole method and the Elson-Morgan method. Results Experiments showed that by the carbazole method, the concentration of the shark chondroitin sulfate was within the ranges of 4. 710-47. 100 μg/ml, displaying good linear relationship (r =0.9999) and good stability within 3 hours, with RSD = 1.21%, reproductive test RSD = 1. 36%( n=6), precision test RSD = 0. 46% (n = 6), and a recovery rate of 99.60% , RSD = 1. 39% ( n = 6). For the Elson-Morgan method, the concentration of the shark chondroitin sulfate was within the ranges of 2.552-25. 520 μg/ml, also displaying good linear relationship (r = 0. 9996) and good stability within 3 hours, with RSD = 1. 62% , reproductive test RSD = 2. 61% ( n = 6), precision test RSD = 1.07%(n = 6), and a recovery rate of 96. 55% ,RSD = 2.43% (n = 6). Conclusions When compared with the Elson-Morgan, the carbazole method was more simple, rapid and accurate and could be used a standard method for the determination of the content of shark chondroitin sulfate.     

Positional difference of malleoli-midpoint from three-dimensional geometric centre of rotation of ankle and its effect on ankle joint kinetics

Backgrounds: Joint kinetic calculations are sensitive to joint centre locations. Although geometric hip and knee joint centre/axis are generally developed, the ankle joint centre (AJC) is conventionally defined as the midpoint between the malleolus lateralis and medialis (AJC_MID) in most gait analyses.Research question: We examined the positional difference of the AJC_MID from the geometric centre of rotation (AJC_FUN) and its effect on the ankle joint kinetics in representative human gaits.Methods: In the first experiment, we calculated the AJC_FUN and indicated its location on the ankle MRI in 14 (seven male and seven female) participants. In the second experiment, we compared ankle kinematics/kinetics based on AJC_FUN and AJC_MID during walking and hopping at 2.6 Hz in 17 (nine male and eight female) participants.Results: In both experiments, AJC_FUN was located at positions significantly medial (-9.2 ± 5.4 mm and -10.1 ± 4.4 mm) and anterior (17.0 ± 7.4 mm and 15.3 ± 5.2 mm) from the AJC_MID. Furthermore, the AJC_MID underestimated peak dorsiflexion (AJC_MID/AJC_FUN: 52.6 ± 17.1%) and inversion (AJC_MID/AJC_FUN: 62.2 ± 11.5%) torques and their durations in walking. Additionally, AJC_MID overestimated the plantar flexion torque in both gait modes [AJC_MID/AJC_FUN: 111.3 ± 4.8% (walking) and 112.7 ± 6.3% (hopping)].Significance: We therefore concluded that the positional difference between the geometric and landmark-based AJC definitions significantly affected ankle kinetics, thereby indicating that the functional method should be used for defining AJC for gait analysis.