正常人右胸导联心电图性别差异研究

目的 探讨性别差异对正常右胸导联心电图的影响。方法 选取900名正常人,男女各半,分年龄组分析右胸导联心电图的QRS波群、ST段及T波,比较男女变化规律。结果 V3R→V6RQRS波群振幅、ST段抬高率及振幅均为男性大于女性（P〈0.01）。T波女性以倒置为主,男性直立多见（P〈0.01）。V3R→V6R均倒置者女性多于男性（P〈0.01）;由直立、双相、平坦→倒置者男性多于女性（P〈0.01）。结论 正常人右胸导联心电图男女差异显著,应引起临床注意。     

正常人右胸导联心电图P波形态及性别差异

目的 探讨正常人右胸导联心电图男女P波形态差异及变化规律.方法 测量900名正常人右胸导联心电图,男女对半,分析P波形态及变化规律.结果 右胸导联心电图P波以直立和正负双相P波为主.V1导联直立P波的发生率明显多于正负双相P波的发生率(P<0.01).从V1～V6R直立P波的发生率依次减少,正负双相P波的发生率依次增多...     

健康人右胸导联QRS波和T波形态分析

目的探讨健康人右胸导联心电图QRS波和T波形态及临床意义。方法测量867名健康人右胸导联心电图,分析QRS波和T波形态。结果右胸导联Q波的发生率与V1导联R波的幅度有密切关系,V1呈QS型、V3R～V5R多数有Q波。V1呈rS型,则R波幅度越小,V3R～V5R出现Q波的机会越大;右胸导联V1→V3R→V5R直立T波出现逐渐减少,倒置T波出现逐渐增多。结论健康人右胸导联心电图V1、V3R～V5R出现Q波和T波倒置不能作为诊断合并右室心肌梗（RVMI）的可靠依据。     

正常人右胸导联心电图QRS波群振幅性别、年龄差异研究

目的探讨正常人右胸导联心电图（RCLECG）QRS波群振幅性别、年龄差异规律。方法测量331名正常人右胸导联（RCL）QRS波群r、s波振幅,比较性别、年龄差异。结果男女各年龄组V3R～V6R导联r、s波振幅依次递减。同导联各年龄组之间：男性V3R-V6R导联r波振幅与年龄增长具有非常显著的负相关（P〈0．01）。V3R、V4R导联S波振幅与年龄增长呈负相关（P〈0．05）。女性r、s波振幅与年龄增长无显著的负相关（P〉0．05）。同年龄组男女之间：V3R—V6R导联QRS波群r、s波振幅均男性大于女性（P〈0．01）。结论正常人RCL ECG中QRS波群振幅性别、年龄差异显著,应引起临床注意。     

不同原因右胸导联T波倒置的比较

探讨不同原因右胸导联T波倒置的心电学特征,以利于对不同特征右胸导联T波倒置的原因识别。对74例由不同原因所致右胸导联T波倒置患者常规12导联心电图T波倒置的分布规律、倒置的深度以及是否同时伴有ST段改变、其它导联的T波倒置及其演变过程进行分析。结果:①右室起搏后电张调整性T波呈V1~V2V5~V6,并伴Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联T波倒置,不伴ST段改变。②急性肺栓塞后TV1~V3倒置往往在发病1~2h后按一定的顺序相继出现,依次为TV1→TV2→TV3→TV4;倒置深度V1>V2>V3>V4,随病情好转,其T波恢复的顺序则相反。③Brugada综合征或Brugada心电图征呈TV1>TV2>TV3伴STV1~V3下斜型或马鞍型抬高及右束支阻滞或类右束支阻滞,R′>R。④妊娠晚期亦表现为TV1~V3倒置,倒置深度V1>V2>V3,与急性肺栓塞后的T波改变类似。结论:不同原因右胸导联T波倒置的心电学特征亦异,认识这些特征,有利于对其病因的识别。     

健康青年右胸头胸导联心电图和常规导联心电图对比分析

目的 :对比观察头胸导联心电图和常规导联心电图反映右室心电活动的差异。方法 :对 5 0例健康青年进行右胸头胸导联和常规导联 2种心电图的检查 ,并对 P波、QRS波、T波进行对比。结果 :右胸头胸导联心电图 P波、R波、直立 T波较常规导联对应的各波波幅明显增大。而前者的 Q波及部分 S波波幅较后者明显减小。右胸头胸导联心电图未见宽深 Q波和倒置 T波。结论 :头胸导联心电图较常规导联心电图更好地反映右室的心电活动     

循环系统疾病

971108心钠素的作用机理及其在心肾疾病中的应用(综述)/李牧…//昆明医学院学报一1996,17(3)一66~69971109正常人右胸头胸导联心电图特征/李益民…//现代诊断与治疗一1996,7(4)一202一204 对64例正常人描记同时间、同部位的Wilson导联(V3R一V7R)和HC导联(HV3R一HV7R)图形。结果:两法均无ST段抬高;HVSR一HV7R直立P波多于VSR一V7R(P均< 0.05);病理Q波或Qr型波在v4R为6%,VSR为56%,V6R为62%,v7R为65%,T直立者达88%。Q波出现率在VSR和HVSR、V6R和HV6R、V7R和HV7R间呈显著差异(P均<0.01).直立T波出现率在V3R一V7R和IIV…     

70岁以上健康老年人右胸及后壁导联心电图特点分析

目的研究70岁以上健康老年人右胸及后壁导联心电图特点。方法对212例70岁以上健康老年人右胸及后壁导联的P波、QRS波及ST段进行形态观察及测量分析。结果(1)右胸导联rS波形检出率为31.1%～58.1%;QS波形检出率为14.0%～23.3%;V4R导联(QS波除外)、V5R导联各波振幅低于V3R导联(P<0.05);(2)后壁V7～V9导联qR波形检出率为50.0%～87.7%;R波形检出率为7.1%～34.9%;与V7导联比较,V8、V9导联qR波形的出现率递增,R波形出现率及R波振幅均呈现递减(P<0.05);(3)ST段:V3R～V5R导联97.5%～98.9%位于等电位线;V7～V9导联97.2%～98.5%位于等电位线;极少数抬高者幅度<0.05mV,无ST段下降;(4)T波:V3R～V5R导联61.3%～79.2%为平坦,21.8%～25.8%为倒置;V7～V9导联45.1%～78.5%为平坦,20.0%～53.7%为直立。结论建立70岁以上老年人右胸及后壁导联心电图的诊断标准具有实际的临床意义。     

从正常人胸表心电位场电势分布看瞬间心电向量的综合

目的探讨正常人瞬间心电向量综合的可能性。方法选择健康体检者同步记录Wilson导联（V1-V6）及其扩展导联（V7-V9、V3R—V9R）和对应头胸导联（HV1～HV9、HV3R—HV9R）的心电图。以环绕胸部一周16个测试点记录的心电图QRS波形态来描绘胸表心电位场电势分布,并以此判断瞬间心电向量的综合情况。结果120例正常人中Wilson右胸导联V4R～V9R QRS波均为主波倒置的宽／深Q波;而对应头胸导联HV4R～HV9R记录到主波正立的rs、RS或qRs波;其余各测试点两导联均记录到明显正立的R（r）波。头胸导联记录的QRS波胸表心电位场电势均呈一致向外分布的现象,与瞬间心电向量综合的结果不符;Wilson导联则均呈大致左胸正、右胸负的偶极分布,似与瞬间心电向量综合的结果相符,但左室前壁的V3、V4、V5导联心电图和左室正后壁V7、V8、V9导联心电图的R波正立且波形都很大,前后体表电位无偶极分布现象,与左室前后壁瞬间心电向量综合的结果相矛盾。结论正常人胸表心电位场的电势分布表明瞬间心电向量综合的可能性存在疑问。     

22例扩张型心肌病V_1—V_(9R)导联心电图观察

观察52例正常人及22例扩张型心肌病V_1-V_(9R)导联心电图变化.结果表明,正常人P波96.2%正向,QRS波群V_1100%呈rS型,V_1-V_(9R)r波出现率逐渐降低,Q波出现率逐渐增高,Q波时间R/4,T波82.7%倒置.心肌病P波负向多于正向,rS出现率低于正常人,Q波出现率也递增,Q波>0.04s,振幅>R/4,STv_(4R)抬高较多,T波直立多于负向.     

Electrocardiographic differentiation between acute coronary syndrome and acute pulmonary embolism associated with inverted T waves in precordial leads

Background Inverted T waves in precordial leads are often seen in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The purpose of this study was to analyze the electrocardiogram (ECG) difference between APE and ACS related inverted T waves in precordial leads. Methods The ECG difference among 62 patients with APE and 125 patients with ACS related inverted T waves in precordial leads were compared. Results Compared with ACS, Patients with APE were more frequently associated with incomplete or complete RBBB or slurred S wave in lead V1, the sum of the depth of inverted T waves in leads V1 and V2 not less than in lead V3 and V4 (inverted TV1 + V2 ≥ inverted TV3 + V4), and inverted T waves in leads V1 and Ⅲ. Conclusions Complete or incomplete RBBB or slurred S wave in lead V1, inverted T waves in leads V1 and III, and inverted TV1 + V2 ≥ inverted TV3 + V4 are useful criteria for predicting APE.     

Usefulness of the thoracic circle in localizing the pre-excitation zone in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

In this study thoracic circle lead electrocardiogram were recorded during sinus rhythm in 50 patients with Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome. We analyzed: delta wave polarity, QRS axis in the frontal plane, ventricular preexcitation, the pattern of precordial R wave transition and QRS morphology in the unipolar leads, also concordance between electrocardiographic patterns and the site of the accessory pathway determined during electrophysiological study. Electrocardiograms from patients with left lateral sites showed negative delta waves in leads LI or a VL, V7 to V9, positive delta waves in V3R to V9R, a normal QRS axis and early precordial R wave transition (20 of 23 patients). Left posterior sites manifested negative Delta waves in L3, a VF, V7 to V9, V7R to V9R and a prominent R wave in V1 (4 of 5 patients). Left posteroparaseptal sites had the same pattern plus negative delta waves in L2, a superior QRS axis, and RS or Rs morphology in V1 (3 of 3 patients). Right posteroparaseptal sites had negative delta waves in L2, L3, a VF, V3R to V9R, positive delta waves in V7 to V9, a superior QRS axis and an R greater than S in V1 (10 of 11 patients). Right free wall locations manifested negative delta waves in L3, a VR, V3R to V9R, positive delta waves in V7 to V9, a normal QRS axis and R wave transition in V3 to V5 with QS morphology since V3R to V9R (6 of 7 patients).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

无冠窦起源房性心动过速的电生理特点及射频消融治疗五例分析

目的研究无冠窦起源房性心动过速(房速)的电生理特点。方法 5例无冠窦起源房速患者,其中男性2例,女性3例,年龄37～68岁。观察心动过速时P波形态,心内标测心房最早激动部位,并行射频消融治疗。结果 5例无冠窦起源房速的周长平均为(363±44)ms。P波形态主要表现为在Ⅱ、Ⅲ和aVF导联上直立和双向,aVR导联倒置,在aVL导联上全为正向。胸前导联中,V_1～V_2为负正双向,V_3～V_5为负正双向或正向,V_6为正向。5例患者均于无冠窦内成功消融,术后随访6个月均未见复发。结论无冠窦起源房速P波形态的特征可能为右胸导联先负后正,下壁导联直立或双向。此类房速的射频消融安全有效。     

镜像右位心的F导联心电图特征读析

目的 探讨F导联心电图诊断镜像右位心的特征。方法 在健康体检中应用F导联采集镜像右位心心电图并解读。结果 F导联检测到13例(0.018%)镜像右位心。在镜像右位心中Ⅰ导联各波形态均倒置,即P、QRS及T波均倒置;F2(Ⅱ)与F6(Ⅲ)导联、F3(aVR)与F1(aVL)导联波形互换;V3R、V5R导联波形类似正常时的V3、V5导联,代表左室波形;V1和V2导联代表右室波形。结论 镜像右位心的特征显示:P波F1(aVL)、F2(Ⅰ)导联显示镜像QRS波形;F1(aVL)、F2(Ⅰ)、F3(-aVR)、F4(Ⅱ)导联P-QRS-T波群均主波向下,呈rS型,其R波波幅递增;QRS波F5(aVF)不变;胸导联V1～V6呈rS型,其R波波幅递减,其S波呈逐渐相对增深,R/S比例逐渐减小的规律;V1导联R波高尖;常伴有其他心电图改变。     

Vertical displacement of the precordial leads alters electrocardiographic morphology

BACKGROUND: The present study was undertaken to assess whether the vertical displacement of electrodes affects the waveforms of precordial leads. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred forty healthy, adult volunteers had a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram, a 12-lead electrocardiogram with the precordial leads displaced 2 cm cranially, and another with the precordial leads displaced 2 cm caudally from the standard positions. All the three sets of electrocardiograms were visually compared, and changes noted. One hundred twenty male and 120 female volunteers, 20-68 years of age, were analyzed. Fifty-four males (45.0%) and 2 females (1.7%) showed no difference between the 3 sets of electrocardiograms, while 66 males (55.0%) and 118 females (98.3%) had some changes. R wave amplitude changes were noted in 63 male (52.5%) and 111 female (92.5%) volunteers; S wave amplitude changes were seen in 59 males (49.2%) and 99 females (82.5%,); T wave changes in 5 males (4.2%) and 3 females (2.5%); ST segment changes in 1 male (0.8%) and none of the females; and ORS morphologic changes in 1 male (0.8%) and 12 females (10.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Precordial electrocardiographic waveform changes were seen with the vertical displacement of the precordial leads. This will have implications on the interpretation of serial electrocardiograms. Healthcare providers should take into consideration this deviation when interpreting serial ECGs.     

胸导联R波递增不良的临床意义

目的探讨胸导联R波递增不良的临床意义。方法对92例胸导联R波递增不良患者的心电图表现作临床回顾性分析。结果92例中69例（A组）明确有器质性疾病，23例（B组）无明显器质性疾病。A组胸导联符合R／S比例自右至左逐渐增高者5例（7．2％）低于B组20例（87．0％），差异有非常显著性意义（P〈0．01）。Rv1～Rv3均小于0．3mV者，A组（61例，88．4％）高于B组（2例，8．7％），差异也有非常显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论胸导联R波递增不良可由多种器质性胸心疾病或生理性改变等原因引起，要密切结合临床加以判断。     

Electrocardiographic differentiation between acute pulmonary embolism and acute coronary syndromes on the basis of negative T waves

Negative T waves in precordial leads are often seen in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but also occur in those with acute pulmonary embolism (APE). However, little attention has been given to differences in negative T waves between patients with these 2 diseases. The present study examines the value of electrocardiograms for discriminating between 40 patients with APE and 87 patients with ACS who had negative T waves in the precordial leads (V(1) to V(4)) on the admission electrocardiogram. In 77 patients (89%) with ACS, the culprit lesion was confirmed angiographically to be located in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Pulmonary P waves, S(1)S(2)S(3) pattern, S(1)Q(3)T(3) pattern, low voltage, and clockwise rotation were specific for APE, but sensitivities of these findings were very low. In patients with APE, negative T waves were commonly present in leads II, III, aVF, V(1), and V(2), but were less frequent in leads I, aVL, and V(3) to V(6) (p <0.05). Negative T waves in leads III and V(1) were observed in only 1% of patients with ACS compared with 88% of patients with APE (p <0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of this finding for the diagnosis of APE were 88%, 99%, 97%, and 95%, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of negative T waves in both leads III and V(1) allows APE to be differentiated simply but accurately from ACS in patients with negative T waves in the precordial leads.     

模拟V5导联负极位置对心电图波形的影响

为检验模拟Ｖ５导联与Ｖ５导联心电波形差异，增进对双极胸导联的认识，观察将模拟Ｖ５导联的负极装置３个不同位置时的波形与Ｖ５导联的异同。２００例正常人结果显示〉３个模拟Ｖ５导联；Ｒ波振幅普遍高于Ｖ５；负极置于胸骨柄和左锁骨下ＳＴ－Ｔ异常发生率占２３％和２８．５Ａ％；而置于右锁骨下ＳＴ－Ｔ异常率为２．５％，较前者两者非常显著减少。