献血员血清中成人嗜T淋巴细胞病毒的血清学调查

目的 了解HTLV-I在汕头地区献血人群中的感染情况。方法 应用ELISA和Western Blot法对随机抽样的献血进行HTLV-I感染调查。结果 在3123名献血员中用ELISA法检出3名呈阳性反应,Western Blot检出1名具有特殊性的HTLV-I毒株。结论 中国的东南沿海一带确实存在HTLV-I小流行区,应在已发现有散在HTLV携带的区域或小流行区的献血员中做HTLV-I抗体检测,防止因输血感染ATL。     

嗜人T细胞病毒I型（HTLV—I）与风湿病发病是否有关？

嗜人T细胞病毒I型（HILV-I）与人类疾病的关系日益受到重视。除了与白血病有关外,HTLV-I与风湿病的关系仍是国内外颇具争议的研究热点。本文就HTLV-I是否与系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）、类风湿性关节炎（RA）、干燥综合征、系统性硬化症、HTLV-I相关性关节病等风湿病的发病有关、与风湿病的相互关系及发病机理作一综述。     

部分人群病毒性肝炎血清抗体现状调查（天津）

本文收集了自1993年至今来我院健康查体人员、门诊及消化科住院患者的血清抗-HAV-IgM、HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HEV的情况,共9319例.     

供血浆者人巨细胞病毒中和抗体的流行病学调查

目的了解我国山东、安徽及黑龙江省部分地区供血浆者人巨细胞病毒中和抗体效价的流行病学状况,为人巨细胞病毒特异性免疫球蛋白的研制提供科学依据。方法采用微量细胞病变中和试验方法,检测794份供血浆者血浆人巨细胞病毒中和抗体效价水平。结果 794份健康人血浆巨细胞病毒中和抗体效价主要分布在1∶8~1∶64,约71.7%供血浆者HCMV中和抗体效价高于1∶8;其中效价≥1∶181占0.38%,效价≥1∶45约占15%。结论通过筛选高中和效价血浆制备人巨细胞病毒特异性免疫球蛋白切实可行。     

嗜人T细胞病毒Ⅰ型(HTLV-Ⅰ)与风湿病发病是否有关?

嗜人T细胞病毒Ⅰ型 (HTLV Ⅰ )与人类疾病的关系日益受到重视。除了与白血病有关外 ,HTLV Ⅰ与风湿病的关系仍是国内外颇具争议的研究热点。本文就HTLV Ⅰ是否与系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)、类风湿性关节炎 (RA)、干燥综合征、系统性硬化症、HTLV Ⅰ相关性关节病等风湿病的发病有关、与风湿病的相互关系及发病机理作一综述。     

Antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III in promiscuous healthy homosexual men. Relation to immunological and clinical findings

Antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III Ab) were present in twenty-one out of sixty-four asymptomatic promiscuous homosexual men from Copenhagen. The presence of HTLV-III Ab was associated with lymphadenopathy (P less than 0.0005), cytomegalovirus isolation (P less than 0.01), low skin test reactivity (P less than 0.01) and episodes of fever within the 2 month period prior to investigation (P less than 0.05). No significant differences occurred in the total number of T-cells, T-suppressor cytotoxic cells, T-helper cells or helper to suppressor ratio (H/S ratio) between HTLV-III Ab positive and negative homosexuals. An H/S ratio less than or equal to 1.0 was significantly more frequent in homosexual men who both had HTLV-III Ab and excreted cytomegalovirus (P less than 0.01). The H/S ratio of HTLV-III negative homosexuals were significantly lower than that of the controls suggesting that a non-HTLV-III related immunosuppression occurs among homosexuals. Within 2 years after the investigation AIDS or the AIDS related complex developed in three of the men, who at the first investigation all had HTLV-III Ab, alterations in T-lymphocyte subsets and cutaneous anergy. It is suggested that a combination of T-cell subset determination and determination of HTLV-III Ab may provide more valuable prognostic information than isolated determination of HTLV-III Ab.     

Tocilizumab has no direct effect on cell lines infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1

ObjectiveIt remains unclear whether human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection influences therapeutic responses in patients with rheumatic diseases and whether immunosuppressive treatments increase the risk of HTLV-1-related complications in HTLV-1 carriers with rheumatic diseases. We examined the effects of tocilizumab (TCZ), an interleukin (IL)-6 receptor antagonist, on two HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines (HCT-5 and MT-2) in vitro.MethodsWe evaluated production of cytokines and chemokines, expression of HTLV-I associated genes, HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL), expression of HTLV-1 structural proteins, and apoptosis.ResultsThere were no significant differences in cytokine and chemokine levels in the culture supernatants of HCT-5 and MT-2 cells treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or TCZ. No significant differences were detected in mRNA abundance of Tax or HBZ, PVL, expression of the HTLV-1 structural protein GAG, or apoptosis among HCT-5 and MT-2 cells treated with PBS or TCZ.ConclusionsTCZ had no effect the cytokine profiles, HTLV-1 gene and protein expression, PVL, or apoptosis in HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines. Thus, TCZ treatment has no effect on HTLV-1 infection in vitro.     

Seroindeterminate patterns and seroconversions to human T-lymphotropic virus type I positivity in blood donors from Martinique, French West Indies

BACKGROUND: Screening for human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) antibodies in volunteer blood donors has been systematic in the French West Indies since 1989. Western blot-indeterminate results are commonly obtained. The significance of these indeterminate serologic patterns in HTLV-I-endemic areas is still unclear. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: During a 2-year period, 9759 blood donors were tested for HTLV-I antibodies. The epidemiologic features of HTLV-I-seropositive, -seroindeterminate, and -seronegative donors were compared. A lookback investigation was performed for the HTLV-I-seropositive donors, and the HTLV-I-seroindeterminate individuals were followed up. RESULTS: Thirty-nine donors (0.4%) were HTLV-I seropositive and 49 (0.5%) were seroindeterminate. The age and sex ratio characteristics of the seroindeterminate donors are divergent from those of the HTLV-I-seropositive group and are more like those of the seronegative population. However, during the study period, three cases of seroconversion after an initial seroindeterminate profile were reported. Two cases were detected through follow-up of 38 HTLV-I-seroindeterminate donors over a mean of 8 months (2-24 months). The third seroconverter belonged to the HTLV-I-seropositive group and was identified through lookback investigation. This case is atypical, with p19 reactivity for several months before HTLV-I seropositivity. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that, although HTLV-I-seroindeterminate donors mainly are HTLV-I-noninfected, the rate of seroconversion in a repeat blood donor population from an endemic region must be taken into consideration. Moreover, the case of delayed seroconversion observed in this study suggests the difficulty of counseling seroindeterminate blood donors in endemic regions.     

Epidemiologic background of blood donors with antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus. Transfusion Safety Study Group

We interviewed 51 blood donors in four major US metropolitan areas subsequently found to have had antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus (anti-HTLV) in late 1984-early 1985. Sixteen donors (31%) reported that they or a sexual contact had a history of blood transfusion. Twelve donors (24%) reported that they or a sexual contact used intravenous drugs. Ten donors (20%) were blacks born in the southeastern US. Four of the male donors (15%) reported homosexual contact. The most common characteristic was an association with Japan or the Caribbean basin (61%). These results show a broader variation of epidemiologic backgrounds than anticipated.     

Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-I (HTLV-I) retrovirus and human disease

Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-I (HTLV-I) was the first pathogenic retrovirus identified in humans. HTLV-I is now linked to a number of clinical diseases, most notably adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and the syndrome known as HTLV-associated myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). For the emergency physician practicing among patients from high-risk groups, HTLV-I infection and its associated diseases are presenting an increasing challenge. This report describes its transmission, seroprevalence, associated diseases, and methods to control the spread of this retrovirus.     

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and II in transfusion medicine.

As a consequence of migrating populations, IV drug use and, to a lesser extent, blood transfusions, endemic HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections have spread to nonendemic geographic regions. Although the risk that a person infected with HTLV-I will develop significant disease--even over a lifetime--is estimated to be relatively low, our awareness of the serious diseases associated with other retroviruses requires a cautious approach to blood transfusion. Reports from Japan and the United States indicate that programs testing donated blood and excluding units with HTLV-I antibodies have been highly successful in interrupting the spread of HTLV-I by transfusions. One unanticipated outcome of testing large numbers of people in the United States for HTLV-I antibodies has been recognition of the relatively high prevalence of HTLV-II infection, particularly among IV drug users. The long-term effects of HTLV-II infection are also unknown. Until the natural history and clinical consequences of HTLV-II infection are clearly understood, it is only prudent that blood donated by persons identified to be HTLV-II carriers also be excluded.     

广东中山地区献血人群人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒感染状况调查

目的了解中山地区人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒(HTLV)在无偿献血人群中的感染情况。方法对2016年3-12月40 874份在中山地区无偿献血的血液标本,采用酶联免疫吸附试验方法(ELISA)进行HTLV抗体筛查,筛查呈反应性的标本进行双孔复查,复查仍阳性的标本使用免疫化学发光法(CLIA)检测,检测阳性的标本使用免疫蛋白印迹法(WB)进行确证,确证阳性的视为感染。结果中山地区40 874份无偿献血者中HTLV抗体ELISA检测阳性21例,ELISA检测阳性率为0.05%,免疫化学发光法检测阳性5例,WB确证阳性1例,感染率为0.002 4%。结论为了保证输血安全,降低输血感染HTLV,有必要对中山地区的初次献血者进行HTLV的筛查。     

粤东地区妇女下生殖道HPV亚型的基因芯片检测与分析

目的了解粤东地区妇女生殖道人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染率及型别分布情况。方法采用基因芯片技术对569例粤东地区妇女生殖道分泌物或脱落细胞进行18种高危型HPV和5种低危型HPV检测。结果569例患者中HPV感染275例,占48.3%。单一感染183例,占32.2%;双重感染67例,占11.8%;三重以上感染25例,占4.4%。275例阳性标本主要为高危型HPV16、18型,低危型HPV6、11型。结论粤东地区妇女生殖道病变患者HPV感染率较高,且以高危型HPV16感染率最高,因此,建立建全粤东地区妇女HPV监测体系,及早发现高危人群,最大限度地降低子宫颈癌对妇女生命和健康的威胁度。     

Seronegative virus carriers in the infection of rabbits with human T lymphotropic virus type I

Six HTLV-I-transformed T cell lines were prepared from PBL of three rabbits each of B/J and Chbb:HM strains, and were inoculated into newborn rabbits of these two strains, and of their F1 hybrid. None of three B/J cell lines induced anti-HTLV-I antibody response in newborn B/J rabbits, whereas all three Chbb:HM cell lines did induce a response in newborn Chbb:HM rabbits. These B/J cell lines however could induce antibody response in adult B/J as well as newborn Chbb:HM rabbits, and a Chbb:HM cell line could induce a response in a newborn B/J rabbit. Similar unresponsiveness was observed in (B/J x Chbb:HM)F1 hybrids neonatally inoculated with B/J cells. Unresponsiveness was abrogated by reinoculation of some but not other cell lines. Viral antigen-positive cell lines harboring HTLV-I provirus genomes were established from such seronegative B/J and F1 rabbits. Simultaneous inoculation of HTLV-I-transformed cells and SPV resulted in the induction of papilloma and antibody against SPV, but not antibody against HTLV-I. The present findings thus reveal that neonatal infection of HTLV-I could result in immunological tolerance to the virus antigens, thereby leading to a persistent infection without antibody induction.