北京市怀柔区中小学校控烟现况调查

目的了解北京市怀柔区中小学学生吸烟情况及对烟草相关知识的了解情况,找到适合不同类型学校特点的有效控烟干预方法,为政府部门制定相关政策、措施提供数据支持和科学依据。方法抽取怀柔辖区内的小学4所840人,初中4所684人,高中3所430人,职业学校1所252人。每所学校男女生比例尽量符合1：1。调查采用封闭式匿名问卷,由学生自行填写。问卷根据学生的学习阶段不同分为小学低年级（1～3年级）、小学高年级（4～6年级）、和中学3种。结果怀柔区小学生低年级的尝试吸烟率为15.21%,小学高年级的尝试吸烟率为0.10%,现在吸烟率0.49%;中学生的尝试吸烟率为29.51%,现在吸烟率17.20%。结论中学生控烟工作应是我区学校控烟工作的重点。     

Prevalence of Tobacco Use Among Junior High and Senior High School Students in Taiwan

BACKGROUND: Tobacco use is a major preventable cause of death in the world. This article describes and compares tobacco use prevalence for students attending junior high schools and senior high schools in Taiwan. METHODS: This report uses data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) completed among 4689 junior high school students and 4426 senior high school students in Taiwan in 2004‐2005. The GYTS uses a 2‐stage sampling design to produce nationally representative data for junior and senior high students in general and vocational schools. RESULTS: Higher smoking prevalence was observed among senior high (10.1% general schools and 15.9% vocational schools) than junior high (5.5%) school students. Smoking prevalence of girls in junior high (3.2%) and senior high schools (4.6% general and 11.1% vocational) was almost as high or higher than adult females’ (4.3%) smoking rates. The pattern of smoking intensity across school years and type of school shows that the percentage of smokers who were experimenters (47.1%) was higher in junior high school and the percentage of smokers who were regular/established smokers (over 50%) was higher in senior high school. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking prevalence described in this report shows that there are challenges facing the tobacco prevention and control program in Taiwan. The findings suggest that schools should increase their smoking initiation prevention efforts and make available cessation programs and counseling to help students quit smoking. If effective youth tobacco control programs are not developed and implemented in Taiwan, future morbidity and mortality attributed to tobacco will surely increase, especially among women.     

广州市学生网络成瘾与睡眠不足现状及关系

目的 了解广州市学生网络成瘾及睡眠不足现状及其关系,为学生网络成瘾和睡眠不足防控政策的制定提供理论依据。方法 采取分层整群随机抽样法,使用《学生健康状况及影响因素调查表》对广州市11个区的大、中、小学生进行网络成瘾及睡眠时间调查,采用单、多因素分析方法对睡眠不足与网络成瘾相关性进行分析。结果 本研究共对广州市大、中、小学生19 716人进行分析,男生9 811人,女生9 905人;城区17 400人,郊区2 316人;小学5 215人,初中5 476人,高中5 188人,职高2 068人,大学1 769人。93.4%的学生过去1周上过网,16.2%的学生过去1周每天上网≥4 h。网络成瘾报告率为4.0%,女生（4.7%）高于男生（3.4%）,郊区（4.5%）高于城区（2.3%）,小学、初中、高中、职高和大学生分别为0.7%、3.7%、3.4%、6.0%和14.5%,郊区小学、初中、高中生网络成瘾报告率均高于城区同学段学生,郊区初中女生（7.7%）最高,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05或P <0.01）。睡眠不足发生率为71.2%,控制性别、学段、地区等因素后,二分类logistic回归分析结果显示网络成瘾行为者发生睡眠不足的风险是非网络成瘾行为者的1.579倍。结论 广州市学生网络成瘾报告率与睡眠不足发生率均较高,郊区学生、职高生和大学生网络成瘾行为现象尤为严重,中、小学生睡眠不足问题突出,网络成瘾可增加睡眠不足的风险。应针对重点人群,制定科学可行的干预策略及措施。     

北京市中学生吸烟现状及影响因素研究

目的了解北京市中学生吸烟行为的现状以及研究相关影响因素。方法采用横断面研究的方法,于2013年9—10月随机从城区、近郊区、远郊区中抽取2个区,每区随机抽取2所高中、2所初中,共6个区24所学校进行问卷调查,对2395份有效样本,其中男生1232名,女生1163名进行单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析影响因素。结果所调查中学生吸烟率为9.5%;男性吸烟率14.7%高于女性4.0%（P〈0.05）。初一~高三学生的吸烟率分别为3.6%、6.3%、7.9%、7.5%、13.4%和21.0%。Logistic回归结果显示男性（OR=4.18）、高年级（以初一学生为基准,初二~高三OR值分别为1.80、2.32、2.17、4.17和7.13）、自感孤独（OR=1.31）是吸烟行为的危险因素（P〈0.05）;父母文化程度高（以初中及以下为基准,高中、大专、本科及以上OR值分别为0.721、0.377和0.476）为吸烟行为的保护因素（P〈0.05）。结论中学生吸烟率较高,高年级男生是干预重点,吸烟行为受学生所受到的社会支持水平影响,减少吸烟行为需要家庭、学校多方面共同参与。     

成都市中学生吸烟状况及干预效果研究

为了了解本市中学生吸烟现状及干预措施的效果,我们在1989～1990年对六所中学5000名中学生进行吸烟调查和行为干预实验.结果表明,高、初中男学生吸烟率分别为17.63%、8.62%,女学生吸烟率分别为0.21%、0.35%,吸烟率随年龄、年级的增长而上升,男学生吸烟率远比女学生高.开始吸烟原因32～44%是伙伴劝吸,持续吸烟原因主要是朋友吸烟的引诱和生活无聊.经过一年干预实验后,高、初中学生吸烟率分别下降1%和2.2%,而对照组学生的吸烟率分别上升4.2%和0.28%.中学生的知识、态度、行为三方面,都有不同程度的变化.因此,加强健康教育非常重要,能使中学生的吸烟率有明显的下降.     

上海市中学生吸烟行为影响因素及未来吸烟意向分析

探讨影响上海市中学生吸烟行为的相关因素及其对未来吸烟意向的影响,为控制青少年吸烟行为干预措施提供参考.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样法抽取上海市5个区68所中学的26 508名学生,进行现场匿名问卷调查.结果 上海市中学生尝试吸烟率、未来1年和5年的吸烟意向分别为11.6%,8.0%和14.1%,男生(15.7%,10.9%,19.3%)高于女生(7.3%,5.0%,8.6%)(x2值分别为452.97,306.42,629.04,P值均<0.01),职校生(29.2%,21.3%,31.6%)高于高中生(12.5%,9.3%,16.1%)和初中生(6.8%,4.2%,8.9%)(x2值分别为1 677.56,362.25,1 470.29,P值均<0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析表明,父母吸烟、同伴吸烟、学校缺少控烟教育课程、媒体吸烟信息高暴露使学生尝试吸烟行为和未来吸烟意向的风险较高(P值均<0.01).结论 青少年吸烟行为的发生和未来吸烟意向与家庭、同伴、学校、社会环境密切相关,需要多措并举,采取互为支持的综合干预措施降低学生吸烟行为的发生.     

广州市中学生的吸烟状况及其影响因素

目的　探讨影响广州市中学生吸烟的因素 ,为预防和控制中学生吸烟提供科学的理论依据。方法　随机抽取广州市 6所中学在校学生 ,作吸烟情况及相关问题的问卷调查。结果　中学生总的吸烟率为 5.31 % ,其中男生为 9.0 6 % (2 4 0 / 2 650 ) ,女生为 1 .30 % (32 / 24 68) ,男女生之间吸烟率的差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5)。初中生总吸烟率为 5 .83 % (1 79/ 3 0 69) ,且随着年级的增高 ,其吸烟率逐渐上升 ;高中生总吸烟率为 4 .54 % (9./ 2 0 4 9) ,且随着年级的增高 ,其吸烟率也逐渐上升。开始吸烟的原因主要是好玩、好奇和闲得无聊以及消除紧张 ;中学生吸烟主要受社会、家庭、环境等的影响。经多因素Logistic分析 ,认为吸烟能帮助思考和集中精神、能使人放松、是个人自由等是吸烟的危险因素 ;而认为吸烟对学习不利、是浪费钱财及有害健康是吸烟的保护因素。结论　广州市中学生吸烟率不高 ,但初中生吸烟率高于高中学生 ,初中生开始吸烟的平均年龄早于高中生 ,提示控烟应从低龄做起。     

Nationwide survey on alcohol use among junior and senior high school students in Japan

We conducted the first nationwide survey on alcohol use by Japanese junior and senior high school students using a representative sampling procedure. Sample schools were selected by stratified cluster sampling. Response rates for self-administered anonymous questionnaires sent to sample schools for all students to fill out were 65.6% for junior high schools and 67.0% for senior high schools. A total of 117,325 students responded and 115,814 questionnaires were subjected to analysis. The proportion of current alcohol use (drank alcohol on > = 1 of the 30 days preceding the survey) among seventh graders was 26.0% for boys and 22.2% for girls, and it increased with age to reach 54.9% for boys and 43.4% for girls in the twelfth grade. The experience rate of alcohol drinking on ceremonial occasions was much higher than for any other modes of drinking. However, the experience rates of drinking with peers at parties, in bars, and drinking alone increased with age. The proportion of heavy drinkers also increased with age. The cumulative experience rate of drinking with peers was dramatically increased in senior high school students. The most popular alcohol drink among boys was beer, whereas it was liquor with sweet taste among girls. Most important routes of purchase of alcohol were convenience stores, bars, liquor shops, and vending machines.     

Cigarette smoking among Beijing (Peking) high schoolers

Students smoking at 2 key middle schools and 6 ordinary middle schools in Beijing, China were surveyed to determine the form in which high schoolers start smoking, and how long they have smoked. The patterns and causes of smoking were analyzed. The investigation was made from March to May 1981. 430 boys and 423 girls were selected from key schools and 1396 boys and 1394 girls from ordinary schools. Ages ranged from 13-17. All subjects completed a questionnaire in the classroom. To increase the reliability of the survey, names were kept secret. The students surveyed were classified into groups according to their smoking status: current regular smokers; occasional smokers; ex-smokers; and nonsmokers. In the key schools, there were only 4 smokers among 430 students, accounting for 0.9% of the total. Of these, 1 was Senior Class 2, 2 Senior Class 1, and 1 Junior Class 3. In the ordinary schools, 10% were smokers. 19.7% of the boys and 0.4% of the girls smoked. Among the boys, the higher the class, the more numerous the smokers. The smoking rate was 8.2% in the 1st year of junior high but rose to 34% in senior class 2; the difference was statistically significant. "Special occasion" smokers were few, only 5.5% of the students. In junior class, the number of regular smokers was about 2/3 to 4/5 that of occasional smokers. And by senior class 2 the number of regular smokers had risen to about 3 times that of the occasional smokers. In every grade, there were students who had given up smoking. Most had been occasional smokers. Some high schoolers had started to smoke in primary school and had a 4-5 year history of smoking, but most had only picked up smoking for 1-2 years after announcement of the Rules for High School Students prohibiting smoking. There were 3 smoking patterns: smoking without inhaling; inhaling the smoke deeply into the lungs, then expiring through the mouth or nostrils; and combining patterns 1 and 2. Of 265 students, 128 used the 1st pattern, 121 the second, and only 16 combined both patterns. The most common cause of smoking was curiosity. Next was lack of high ideals and dedication followed by boredom. The smoking rate in students whose parents were smokers was significantly higher than in those whose parents were nonsmokers. The difference was significant among all classes except junior class 1. To reduce smoking among high school students, it is necessary to go beyond the existing rules which prohibit smoking and emphasize political and ideologic education. Students must be taught about the dangers of smoking as early as possible, preferably in primary schools.     

2005年北京市儿童青少年烟草流行现状调查分析

目的了解北京市儿童青少年烟草流行现状及其影响因素，为制定北京市青少年控烟策略提供依据。方法采用多层整群抽样的方法，选取126所大中小学学生进行问卷调查。结果共调查北京市小学生、中学生和大学生17952人，其中男生8873人，女生9079人；小学生5688人，中学生8755人，大学生3509人；农村生源2232人，县镇生源6595人，城市生源9125人。北京市6—14岁学生吸烟率为1．12％，15—24岁学生吸烟率为11．73％；男性吸烟率高于女性，并均于17岁达到高峰；中专与职业高中学生吸烟率最高；学生开始尝试吸烟的高峰年龄为小学高年级及初中阶段；影响学生吸烟的因素主要分为自身、家庭与社会环境三个部分。结论北京市儿童青少年吸烟率达到很高水平，尝试吸烟年龄提前，因此制定有效的干预措施和策略是当务之急。     

北京市2010年中学生烟草使用流行现状分析

目的 了解2010年北京市中学生烟草使用相关行为和二手烟暴露现状以及对烟草的认知和态度,为积极开展学校控烟工作提供参考.方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,于2010年4-5月对北京市共计33所学校中11242名学生进行匿名自填式问卷调查,共回收有效问卷11208份.结果 中学生尝试吸烟率为24.70％,现在吸烟率为9.11％,吸烟率为5.06％;不吸烟中学生的二手烟暴露率为38.47％.男生、住宿生的烟草使用率均显著高于女生和非住宿生;郊区、非重点校、职业中学的烟草使用率分别高于城区、重点校和普通中学,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).现在吸烟率和吸烟率较2008年均略有下降,二手烟暴露率有了明显下降.结论 中学生尝试吸烟率居高不下,对于烟草危害及有关态度的认识有待于进一步提高.建议继续加强对中学生开展健康教育,引导和教育中学生坚决“拒吸第一支烟”.     

Senior student smoking at school, student characteristics, and smoking onset among junior students: a multilevel analysis

BACKGROUND: Current research on the etiology of tobacco use has largely focused on identifying the influential psychosocial characteristics of individual students; the influences of characteristics in the school environment are generally ignored. The purpose of this study was to simultaneously examine how school and individual student characteristics were related to smoking onset. METHOD: Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to examine how the senior student smoking rate at a school and the psychosocial characteristics of students were able to differentiate tried-once smokers from experimental smokers in a sample of 4850 grade 9, 10, and 11 students from the School Smoking Profile (SSP) project. RESULTS: Each 1% increase in smoking rate among high school seniors increased the odds that a junior student was an experimental smoker vs. a tried-once smoker (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.12). A significant contextual interaction was identified where the senior student smoking rate at a school moderates the negative influence of having close friends who smoke. Influential student characteristics were also identified. CONCLUSIONS: The smoking prevalence of older students at a school is directly related to smoking onset among younger students at that school. Prevention programs should target schools that put students at-risk.     

河南省濮阳市高中学生吸烟行为及相关因素分析

目的了解濮阳市高中生的吸烟行为及相关因素，为制定干预措施提供依据。方法采用整群抽样方法，对濮阳市4所高中的1421名学生进行问卷调查。结果共调查1421名高中生，吸烟报告率为29．28％；男生吸烟报告率高于女生，13岁以下开始吸烟的学生占21．88％，13～18岁之间吸烟比例最大，占66．83％，随着年级的增加，吸烟率呈上升趋势；重点高中学生吸烟报告率低于普通高中；高中生吸烟与家庭环境、父母及同学朋友的吸烟行为、父母的文化程度等有关。30．19％的学生对吸烟持赞成态度，78．82％的学生认为学校里应该戒烟。结论高中生吸烟现象较普遍，应引起学校、家庭和社会的关注和重视，积极采取有效的干预措施控制吸烟。     

建湖县学生近视及有关因素的调查分析

目的 了解建湖县学生视力状况及影响近视发生发展的有关因素,为今后保护学生视力提供可靠科学依据。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取县内不同五个方位的小学、初中各1所和城、乡高中各1所,对12所学校2 962名学生进行免费视力检测、屈光度列镜检查及影响近视发生发展有关因素的问卷调查。结果 学生视力不良率和近视率分别为67.83%、58.24%;小学生、初中生及高中生视力不良率和近视率构成比差异显著(P<0.005);女生视力不良率和近视率高于男生,性别之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.005);且有50%～75%的近视学生与五项不良阅读习惯有关,有53.51%的近视学生与睡眠不足有关,其差异均有显著意义(P<0.005)。结论 中小学生视力不良率与我县2010年学生视力不良率(57.12%)比较上升了10个百分点,且目前视力不良与近视构成以4.3以下和重度近视为多,其近视与遗传、用眼习惯、休息时间等有关。     

黑龙江省中学生电子烟流行现状及影响因素分析

目的 描述黑龙江省中学生电子烟使用现状及其影响因素,为制定省级青少年电子烟防控策略提供循证依据。方法 2021年采用多阶段分层整群概率抽样方法,涵盖黑龙江省10个监测区（县）56所初、高中学校180个班级在校学生8 340人,抽中班级内学生统一自填问卷。采用SAS 9.4软件进行数据清洗加权和分析。采用χ²检验比较组间差异,采用两水平logistic回归模型分析中学生电子烟使用的影响因素。结果 共8 329份调查问卷纳入分析。黑龙江省中学生使用过电子烟和现在使用电子烟的比例分别为18.27%和5.46%。在使用过电子烟方面,男生（23.94%）高于女生（12.35%）;职业高中生（39.18%）高于普通高中生（24.11%）高于初中生（11.27%）。在现在使用电子烟方面,男生（7.08%）高于女生（3.76%）;职业高中生（14.56%）高于普通高中生（7.70%）高于初中生（2.67%）。在一周内可支配的零花钱＞40元、身边父母、朋友、教师吸烟、现在吸卷烟、看到过电子烟广告组内,使用过电子烟及现在使用电子烟的比例均在同组内相对较高。两水平logistic回归模型显示,性别、现在是否吸卷烟、好友吸烟状况、是否看到过教师在学校吸烟、是否看到过电子烟广告、对电子烟易感的态度是中学生现在使用电子烟的影响因素。结论 黑龙江省中学生使用过电子烟和现在使用电子烟的比例较高。电子烟广告、好友吸烟状况、是否看到过教师在学校吸烟等是影响黑龙江省中学生电子烟使用的主要因素,需要在全省无烟校园建设中,重点关注无烟环境的建设以及增加电子烟危害知识相关健康教育内容。     

三万名大、中学生吸烟状况的调查研究

１９８９～１９９０年作者对福州、厦门、沈阳、成都四城市的１６所中学和７所大学３万名学生中的吸烟状况进行调查的结果表明：男生吸烟率初中为４．１７％、高中为１２．６５％、大学为３０．４８％；女生吸烟率初中为０．１８％、高中为０．２１％、大学为２．１９％。吸烟率随年龄和学龄的增长而上升，男生吸烟率远比女生高。开始吸烟年龄，初中男生主要为１２～１４岁、高中男生为１４～１６岁、大学为１７～２０岁。开始吸烟的主要原因是伙伴劝吸、生活无聊和消除紧张，家人吸烟对学生也有很大影响。调查结果与１９８４年全国吸烟调查结果相比，５年间男生吸烟率初中上升１．７个百分点、高中上升９．６个百分点、大学上升９．１个百分点，呈上升趋势。     

上海市青少年控烟态度状况及相关因素分析

目的了解上海市青少年控烟态度状况及相关因素。方法采用分层随机抽样方法在上海市19个区县抽取辖区内初中、高中、中等职业学校各1所，每所学校随机抽取164名学生进行控烟态度问卷调查，共调查9347人。结果收回有效问卷9239份，有效率为98．8％。学生吸烟率为19．5％，现在吸烟率为2．5％，尝试吸烟率为17．0％。学生普遍不支持“年轻女性吸烟”（88．2％）和“父母可以吸烟”（80．6％）；对”教育学生停止吸烟是教师的责任”（83．0％）和“教师做不吸烟的榜样”（82．5％）普遍认同；支持“在香烟盒上印警语”（80．4％）、“公共场所禁烟”（81．0％）和“禁止向未成年人出售烟草制品”（84．0％）的比例较高。职校学生控烟正确态度持有率低于初中和高中学生，女生正确态度持有率高于男生；吸烟学生正确态度持有率明显低于尝试吸烟和不吸烟的学生。结论上海市青少年对于吸烟行为的态度仍存在不少误区，应开展有针对性的、多元化的健康教育工作，健康教育的重点人群是男生、职校学生和吸烟学生。     

Smoking and alcohol drinking behavior among Japanese adolescents--results from "Japan Know Your Body Study"]

The "Japan Know Your Body Study" (JKYB) is an example of collaborative activities of technology transfer carried out in Japan in several phases. The first phase is a needs assessment and data collection survey and it was administered during 1989. A survey was conducted throughout 9 prefectures in Japan with participation by 49 schools. Subjects were students in elementary, junior and senior high schools who ranged in age from 6 to 18 years. Participants, 12,892 in total, completed a survey on knowledge, attitude and behavior regarding cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, diet, exercise and so on. The main results concerning cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking behavior were as follows: 1) The percentage of monthly male smokers rose remarkably from 8% in the third grade of junior high school to 37% in the third grade of senior high school, while that of female smokers showed a slow rise from 3% to 15%. The sex difference for smoking behavior was clear among senior high school students. 2) Smoking rates increased in proportion to the numbers of parents, siblings and friends who smoked. Above all, smoking behavior of friends was strongly related. Among senior high school students, for example, 50% of males and 46% of females who had two or more smoking friends were smokers, as compared to 5% of males and 2% of females with no smoking friends. 3) The percentage of monthly drinkers rose at a steady pace from 13% of males and 7% of females in the fifth grade of elementary schools to 59% of males and 50% of females in the third grade of senior high schools. The sex difference for alcohol drinking behavior among senior high school students, while statistically significant, was not as pronounced as that for smoking behavior. These results suggest that tobacco- and alcohol-use prevention programs should be introduced in elementary schools and those programs should include components relating to the social influences of parents, siblings and friends.     

淄博市初中生尝试吸烟及二手烟暴露情况调查

目的 了解淄博市初中生尝试吸烟及二手烟暴露情况,为淄博市青少年控烟工作的开展提供依据.方法 随机整群抽取淄博市3所初中,使用统一的调查问卷对在校学生进行烟草流行情况调查,并采用尝试吸烟率、二手烟暴露率以及烟草信息接收等指标进行分析.结果 共调查451名初中生,尝试吸烟率为6.0％,其中男生(6.3％)高于女生(5.7％...     

新昌县中学生艾滋病知识态度及性行为现状分析

目的：了解中学生艾滋病知识态度及性行为的现状,为制定相应的教育策略和预防措施提供科学依据。方法：采用整群随机抽样方法,随机抽取9所中学（7所初中,2所高中）17个班进行健康危险行为调查。结果：中学生对艾滋病病原体的知晓率为60．47％,男生（61．70％）高于女生（60．39％）,差异有统计学意义（Х^2=5．137,P=0．023）;高中生艾滋病知识知晓率（75．20％）高于初中生（48．01％）（Х^2=120．419,P=0．000）;知识知晓率与相关态度呈正相关关系（r=0．421,P=000）。有4．42％学生报告曾经有过性行为,男生（4．82％）高于女生（4．02％）,职业中学报告率（10．81％）〉普通高中（5．77％）〉初中学生（1.83％）;男、女生报告率都随年级增加而上升的。结论：对中学生进行科学的、适宜的艾滋病预防和性行为教育非常必要,要针对不同的人群采取相应的干预措施。