Stroke and (or) myocardial infarction attributable to modifiable risk factors in Henan,China

Estimating population attributable risks of potential modifiable risk factors for stroke and (or) myocardial infarction may be useful for planning cardiovascular disease (CVD) preventive strategies. A population of 17,292 adults aged 18 years and older from a cross-sectional survey was included in the study. The binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between risk factors with disease events, then population attributable fraction according to prevalence and odds ratios were calculated to identify and compare the effects at different subpopulations. We found that the main risk factor for CVD events was hypertension with about 50% of population attributable fraction; prehypertension (22.24%) only acts at rural older females; the efficiency of low- and moderate-level physical activities were higher in males (over 20%) than females (under 20%); ever smoked contributed to CVDs in rural older populations (males, 19.25%; females, 5.57%) and urban younger males (54.52%); while as for high body mass index, overweight (12.59%) only made contribution to rural males over 60 years. In conclusion, hypertension control in the whole population, physical activity increasing in males and older females, smoking prevention in rural elders and urban younger males, and slimming in rural elder males might be effective to reduce the burden of CVDs in Henan.     

Prevalence,trends and risk factors for the diabetes epidemic in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Aims

To describe the prevalence and trends of diabetes and to quantitatively assess its risk factors in mainland China.

Methods

Thirty-one epidemiological studies were identified by a systematic search of four databases. Prevalence estimates were mapped and summarized by meta-analysis in each region of China. The pooled ORs and 95% CIs of risk factors for diabetes were also calculated.

Results

There was a large geographical imbalance with regard to the prevalence of diabetes. Region-pooled prevalence was highest in the eastern region (8.0%, 95% CI: 6.1–10.0%) and lowest in the western region (4.6%, 95% CI: 3.3–6.0%), which was consistent with regional levels of economic development. The overall prevalence of diabetes has been increasing since 1980. Traditional risk factors such as age, family history of diabetes, obesity, hypertension and elevated triglycerides were found to be associated with diabetes. In addition, urban residence and being from ethnic minorities were also significantly associated.

Conclusion

Based on the meta-analyses, we found that the prevalence of diabetes is different in different parts of China but it has been increasing sharply during the last three decades. Some risk factors were quantitatively derived in the study, which are free from the diversity of a single sample.     

广西桂平市城乡男女居民高血压影响因素调查分析

目的：分析城乡男女居民高血压的影响因素,为在一般人群中制定性别差异化的高血压预防策略提供科学依据。方法采用整群二阶段抽样方法,共调查1057名成年常住居民,分别按男女性别进行高血压影响因素的单因素及多因素的Logistic回归分析。结果共检出347例高血压居民,其中男性107例（30.84％）,女性240例（69.16％）。 Logistic回归分析结果显示,男性高血压的危险因素包括年龄较高（OR＝1.045,95％CI：1.011～1.063）、无业或休息（ OR＝4.596,95％CI：1.657～12.734）、吸烟（ OR＝1.058,95％CI：1.073～1.524）;女性高血压的危险因素包括年龄较高（ OR＝1.074,95％CI：1.052～1.091）、绝经（ OR＝2.022,95％CI：1.082～3.775）、常食用动物内脏（ OR＝1.043,95％CI：1.009～1.054）、体质指数≥24 kg／m2（ OR＝2.204,95％CI：1.641～2.973）、糖尿病（ OR＝2.122,95％CI：1.313～3.442）。结论城乡男女高血压影响因素存在差异性,在预防人群高血压时,需要根据性别差异制定高血压的预防策略和措施。     

High protein diet leads to prediabetes remission and positive changes in incretins and cardiovascular risk factors

Background and aimsHigh Protein diets may be associated with endocrine responses that favor improved metabolic outcomes. We studied the response to High Protein (HP) versus High Carbohydrate (HC) Diets in terms of incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP, the hunger hormone ghrelin and BNP, which is associated with cardiac function. We hypothesized that HP diets induce more pronounced release of glucose lowering hormones, suppress hunger and improve cardiac function.Methods and results24 obese women and men with prediabetes were recruited and randomized to either a High Protein (HP) (n = 12) or High Carbohydrate (HC) (n = 12) diet for 6 months with all food provided. OGTT and MTT were performed and GLP-1, GIP, Ghrelin, BNP, insulin and glucose were measured at baseline and 6 months on the respective diets.Our studies showed that subjects on the HP diet had 100% remission of prediabetes compared to only 33% on the HC diet with similar weight loss.HP diet subjects had a greater increase in (1) OGTT GLP-1 AUC(p = 0.001) and MTT GLP-1 AUC(p = 0.001), (2) OGTT GIP AUC(p = 0.005) and MTT GIP AUC(p = 0.005), and a greater decrease in OGTT ghrelin AUC(p = 0.005) and MTT ghrelin AUC(p = 0.001) and BNP(p = 0.001) compared to the HC diet at 6 months.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the HP diet increases GLP-1 and GIP which may be responsible in part for improved insulin sensitivity and β cell function compared to the HC diet. HP ghrelin results demonstrate the HP diet can reduce hunger more effectively than the HC diet. BNP and other CVRF, metabolic parameters and oxidative stress are significantly improved compared to the HC diet.Clinicaltrials.gov identifierNCT01642849.     

Helicobacter pylori reinfection and its risk factors after initial eradication: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is a common health problem, which is closely related to peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and extragastric diseases. Drugs can successfully eradicate it. However, the recurrence of H pylori often occurs after initial eradication. To confirm the global incidence of H pylori reinfection and systematically evaluate its risk factors.Methods:We will search for the relevant literature through Chinese and English databases, with the retrieval deadline being November 2021. Databases include PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database. Stata14.0 will be used to conduct this systematic review. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocols statements are followed in this protocol, and the PRISMA statement will be followed in the completed systematic review.Results:The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Conclusions:This systematic review will provide evidence regarding the rate of H pylori reinfection and its risk factors after successful eradication. It can guide the management of patients with H pylori infection.     

Treatment of acute gout: A systematic review

Objective

Acute gout is traditionally treated with NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and colchicine; however, subjects have multiple comorbidities that limit the use of some conventional therapies. We systematically reviewed the published data on the pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic agents used for the treatment of acute gouty arthritis.

Methods

A systematic search was performed using PubMed and Cochrane database through May 2013. We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included NSAIDs, corticosteroids, colchicine, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitors, topical ice, or herbal supplements.

Results

Thirty articles were selected for systematic review. The results show that NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors are effective agents for the treatment of acute gout attacks. Systemic corticosteroids have similar efficacy to therapeutic doses of NSAIDs, with studies supporting oral and intramuscular use. ACTH is suggested to be efficacious in acute gout. Oral colchicine demonstrated to be effective, with low-dose colchicine demonstrating a comparable tolerability profile as placebo and a significantly lower side effect profile to high-dose colchicine. The IL-1β inhibitory antibody, canakinumab, was effective for the treatment of acute attacks in subjects refractory to and in those with contraindications to NSAIDs and/or colchicine. However, rilonacept was demonstrated to be not as effective, and there are no RCTs for the use of anakinra.

Conclusion

NSAIDs, COX-2 selective inhibitors, corticosteroids, colchicine, ACTH, and canakinumab have evidence to suggest efficacy in treatment of acute gout.     

Prevalence and risk factors for cage subsidence after lumbar interbody fusion: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction:Lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) is an effective treatment for lumbar degenerative diseases. Cage subsidence (CS) contitutes one of the most common postoperative complications. Many risk factors for CS after LIF have been reported in some studies. However, controversies still exist. The objective of this study will be to summarize data on the prevalence and risk factors of CS after LIF.Methods and analysis:Our study present a protocol that conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and risk factors for CS after LIF. Two reviewers retrieved the relevant articles using the 5 databases (PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) from inception to May 31st, 2021. Primary outcome will be the prevalence of CS after LIF. Second outcomes include the risk factors associated with postoperative CS and clinical outcomes associated with postoperative CS. Three reviewers will screen citation titles and abstracts and evaluated full-text of each potentially relevant citation, and then extracted the data using a data extraction form. Any discrepancies in decisions between reviewers will be resolved through discussion. We assessed the methodological quality and risk of bias of the included studies based on the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). The aim of the extra analysis is to explore the explanations of the heterogeneity (age, gender, race, year of publication, type of study and surgical procedure). Publication bias will be assessed by Begg test, Egger test and funnel plots.Ethics and dissemination:No primary data will be collected and individual patient information and endangering participant rights, thus ethics approval is not required. Findings will be reported through publication and media.Protocol registration number:PROSPERO CRD42021257981 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#joinuppage).     

Self-care in Iranian patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectivesSelf-care is a major factor in managing diabetes. This study aimed to determine the self-care status of Iranian patients with diabetes and to estimate the percentage of self-care in these individuals through a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis 53 domestic articles published in Farsi and English were evaluated. We conducted database searches in domestic and foreign databases of Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Pub Med, and Scopus with no time limit. Data analysis was performed in Stata version 12 using meta-analysis method and the random effects model.ResultsA total of 50 articles (53 groups) with a sample size of 9565 were systematically reviewed. The percentage of self-care in patients with diabetes was reported to be 48.86 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 43.79–53.94). According to the results, the percentage of self-care score was higher in patients with type I diabetes (55.53) when compared with patients with type II diabetes (49.26).ConclusionsSince patients with diabetes obtained only half of the self-care score and given the importance of self-care in controlling and treating diabetes, it is necessary to perform actions to improve self-care such as benefiting from health facilities, and social and family support.     

A systematic review of viral exposures as a risk for rheumatoid arthritis

Objective

Different viral exposures have been implicated in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Evidence relating to the association between putative viral exposures and the development of RA was reviewed.

Psychosocial risk factors associated with esophageal cancer in Chinese cohort: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Previous studies were controversial about the role of psychosocial factors in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer (EC). This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effect size of psychosocial risk factors for EC in Chinese cohort.A literature search was conducted in both English and Chinese databases, and odds ratios (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using a random-effects model.28 studies were identified with a total of 6951 EC cases and 7469 controls. The meta-analysis indicated a higher risk of EC among the individuals with psychological trauma (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.71–3.26), Type A behavior (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.17–1.67), depression (OR: 4.00, 95% CI: 2.44–6.55), melancholy (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.32–3.20), always in sulks (OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.21–5.12), and irritable personality (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.58–2.89). A lower EC risk was found in the individuals with good interpersonal relationship (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.17–0.70) and outgoing personality (OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.19–0.78).This meta-analysis suggested a potential association between psychosocial factors and EC risk. For the individuals with psychosocial risk factors, physicians should pay more attention to EC screening.     

Effects of lifestyle changes on adults with prediabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Aims

To assess the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention, compared with treatment as usual in people with prediabetes as defined by the American Diabetes Association. For older studies, we used the 1985 World Health Organization definition.