浅低温不停跳心内直视手术心肌酶活性分析

目的：观察浅低温不停跳心内直视手术与冷停跳手术心肌酶学的变化，明确不停跳手术对心肌的保护作用。方法：60例心内直视手术病人随机分成实验组（不停跳组）和对照组（冷停跳组），每组30例。两组分别于体外循环前5min，体外循环后2、6、24、48h采血测定心肌酶（CK、CK－MB、LDH、AST）。结果：对照组再灌注后CK、CK－MB、LDH、AST明显增高，与实验组同时点相比差异有显著意义（P＜0．01）。结论：浅低温不停跳手术能降低心脏手术患者CK、CK－MB、LDH及AST活性，减少心肌损伤。     

心脏不停跳心脏瓣膜置换术的临床研究

目的:比较浅低温体外循环(CPB)心脏不停跳与中度低温CPB心脏停跳心肌保护的效果。方法:60例风湿性心脏病(RDH)患者随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组为浅低温CPB心脏不停跳组,对照组为中度低温CPB心脏停跳组,每组30例。测定心肌磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)及其同工酶(CK鄄MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、天门冬氨酸氨基转换酶(AST)。于心内操作前、后观察超微结构变化。结果:实验组CPB时间、心肌超微结构与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),术后各时段心肌酶升高程度明显低于对照组。结论:浅低温CPB心脏不停跳优于中度低温CPB心脏停跳心肌保护的效果。     

体外循环心脏停跳与不停跳下心内直视手术中心肌保护效果的对比研究

目的探讨浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳下心内直视手术中对心肌的保护作用。方法选择行心内直视手术患者50例,随机分为实验组(心脏不停跳法)和对照组(心脏停跳法)。两组分别在术前、停机即刻、术后6h、术后24h四个时点采静脉血测定磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、天门冬氨酸转移酶(AST)含量、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)含量。结果两组CK、CK-MB、AST、cTnI转机后均升高,CK、CK-MB、AST停机即刻、术后6h,对照组高于实验组,24h逐渐恢复。对照组停机即刻至24h cTnI均高于实验组,两组高峰期均出现于术后6h,术后6~24h两组相比差异更明显(P<0.01)。结论不停跳手术对心肌具有更好的保护作用。     

心脏跳动下手术对心肌保护作用的临床研究

目的评价心脏不停跳手术对先天性心脏病患者心肌保护作用的效果。方法房间隔缺损(ASD),肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)和室间隔缺损(VSD)患者共52例,随机分为实验组(不停跳组)和对照组(停跳组)。实验组在体外循环(CPB)浅低温(31—34℃)、心脏跳动状态下施术;对照组在冷晶体停跳、中度低温(28—30℃)CPB下手术。分别在术前、术后2、6、24h采集血标本,检测血清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)、心肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)含量;分别在心内操作开始和结束时剪取小块右房组织,电镜观察心肌超微结构变化;同时观察术中CPB时间和阻断时间)。结果不停跳组CPB时间较停跳组短(P<0.01),腔静脉阻断时间长于停跳组主动脉阻断时间(P<0.05)。不停跳组术后LDH、AST活性低于停跳组,SOD活性高于停跳组,MDA、cTnI含量低于停跳组。心内操作完毕后不停跳组较停跳组心肌超微结构变化小,线粒体肿胀轻。结论 心脏不停跳手术对先天性心脏病患者心肌具有更好的保护作用。     

体外循环停跳与不停跳心内直视手术的对比研究

目的本研究测定体外循环(CPB)术中、术后心肌酶的变化,观察心肌细胞超微结构的改变,了解术后升压药及库血的用量。方法60例接受心内直视手术的病人随机分为不停跳组(实验组)和停跳组(对照组)。两组间术前心功能等指标无显著差异。效果评价包括:心肌酶、心肌超微结构半定量分析,升压药(多巴胺)及库血用量分析。结果心肌磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)及其同功酶(CK—MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、天门冬氨酸氨基转换酶(AST)两组病例在术后均升高(P<0.01),停跳组比不停跳组峰值提前,且持续时间长。心肌超微结构显示停跳组比不停跳组改变明显。术后升压药用量及库血用量对照组高于实验组(P<0.01)。结论CPB下不停跳心内直视手术在心肌保护方面优于停跳组,且库血用量、升压药用量亦明显减少。     

体外循环心脏不停跳法心内直视手术保护心肌的疗效分析

目的分析体外循环心脏不停跳法心内直视手术对心肌的保护作用。方法将2012年1月-2013年10月在我院行心内直视手术的110例患者按随机数字表法分为两组各55例,观察组采用体外循环心脏不停跳法心内直视手术,对照组采用体外循环心脏停跳法心内直视手术,对比两组疗效。结果①观察组转流时间低于对照组（P〈0．05）,两组患者动静脉阻断时间、ICU停留时间无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。②手术前,两组患者天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶（HBDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）、心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。手术停机时与术后24h,两组AST、LDH、HBDH、CK、cTnl均显著升高（P〈0．05）,但观察组AST、LDH、HBDH、CK、cTnI均低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论体外循环心脏不停跳法心内直视手术具有良好的心肌保护作用。     

心脏停跳与不停跳手术心肌保护的临床对比研究

目的评价心脏停跳与不停跳手术对先天性心脏病患者的心肌保护效果。方法房间隔缺损（ASD）、室间隔缺损（VSD）、肺动脉瓣狭窄（PS）患者共116例,随机分为实验组（不停跳组）和对照组（停跳组）。实验组在体外循环（CPB）心脏跳动状态下手术,对照组在CPB心脏停跳下手术,分别于术前及术后2、6、24、48h采集血标本,检测血清肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）含量;记录CPB时间、术后48h心律失常发生率、残余分流发生率、呼吸机支持时间、ICU滞留时间、术后住院天数。结果两组术后各时点血清CK—MB、cTnI、AST、LDH含量均显著高于术前（P〈0．01）,但两组间各时点比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;实验组CPB时间较对照组短（P〈0．01）,其他临床观察指标与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论体外循环心脏不停跳心内直视手术能缩短CPB时间,但手术效果与停跳手术比较差异无统计学意义。     

全胸腔镜下心脏不停跳与停跳二尖瓣置换术的对比

目的 探讨全胸腔镜心脏停跳与心脏不停跳心脏外科手术结合的疗效和安全性。 方法 全胸腔镜下心脏不停跳二尖瓣置换术组(不停跳组,n=19):经股动脉、股静脉插管建立体外循环,在浅低温下阻断主动脉,持续灌注机器氧合血,在心脏空跳下行二尖瓣置换术;全胸腔镜下心脏停跳二尖瓣置换术组(停跳组,n=21):经股动脉、股静脉插管建立体外循环,在中低温下阻断主动脉,灌注心脏停跳液,在心脏停跳下行二尖瓣置换术。 结果 全部患者均顺利完成手术,术后未出现低心排综合征、严重心律失常、气栓栓塞等严重并发症,无围术期死亡,不停跳组手术时间、主动脉阻断时间较停跳组长(P<0.05); 不停跳组与停跳组相比体外循环时间、ICU监护治疗时间和术后住院时间相对较短,可明显降低住院费用(P<0.05);心肌酶检测显示,两组术前心肌酶肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在体外循环开始后,两组CK-MB、LDH、cTnT浓度水平均逐渐增高,其中CK-MB与cTnT浓度于术后24 h达到高峰,并开始逐渐下降,LDH浓度呈逐渐上升趋势,两组同时间点相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 全胸腔镜心脏不停跳二尖瓣置换术较全胸腔镜心脏停跳二尖瓣置换术术后恢复快,住院费用低,心肌保护效果更好,患者获益大,全胸腔镜心脏外科手术与心脏不停跳心脏外科手术结合具有临床推广应用价值。     

婴幼儿浅低温心脏不停跳和中低温停跳心内直视手术临床对比

目的:比较浅低温心脏不停跳和中低温停跳技术在婴幼儿心内直视手术的应用. 方法:分析518例3岁以下行心脏手术患者,其中96例(组1)在中低温体外循环心脏停跳下手术,422例(组2)在浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳下进行手术. 比较两组患者的转流时间、术后低心排发生率、术后机械通气时间以及动脉血气等围手术期资料. 结果:不停跳组患者的平均转流时间较停跳组短(P<0.01),术后低心排的发生率也较停跳组低(P<0.05);不停跳组患者术后的失血量和输血量均较中低温停跳组少(P<0.01),并且术后机械通气时间也较停跳组短(P<0.01),而氧合指数高于停跳组;不停跳组术后肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)浓度明显低于停跳组(P<0.01),另外不停跳组术后代谢性酸中毒的发生率也较低. 结论:浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳技术在婴幼儿心肌保护、改善术后呼吸功能及维持酸碱平衡等方面均优于中低温体外循环心脏停跳技术. 表明浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳可作为一项安全、有效的技术应用于婴幼儿心脏外科.     

中低温诱导室颤性停搏对瓣膜置换手术心肌保护效果的研究

目的 探讨中低温室颤性停搏对心内直视手术的心肌保护效果.方法 选择ASA分级Ⅱ～Ⅳ级行心脏瓣膜置换手术60例,随机分为中低温室颤性停搏组即实验组(A组)和浅低温不停跳组即对照组(B组)各30例.各组分别于麻醉后体外循环前、体外循环后60min、120min和停机时、手术后6h、手术后24h抽取动脉血检测 CK、CK-MB、LDH、LAC、cTnT指标,并取左心室心肌标本作扫描电镜观察.结果 在麻醉后体外循环前、体外循环后60min、120min和停机时、手术后6h、手术后24h各时点实验组和对照组的CK、CK-MB、LDH、、LAC、cTnT指标水平差异无显著性;心肌电镜扫描发现两组差异无显著性,仅在体外循环120min后心肌细胞轻度受损.结论 中低温诱导室颤性停搏对心内直视手术的心肌保护效果是一种安全有效的心肌保护方法.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.