肺部罕见恶性肿瘤——癌肉瘤：附15例临床分析

１９７９年１１月～１９９２年９月间共收治肺部恶性肿瘤病人４２５１例，其中癌肉瘤１５例，仅占同期肺部恶性肿瘤的０．３５％。１５例中，男性１０例，女性５例。年龄３９岁～７６岁，平均年龄５５岁。手术方式：全肺切除６例，肺叶切除８例，行剖胸活检１例。１５例中，鳞癌混合纤维肉瘤４例，鳞癌混合软骨肉瘤１例，鳞癌混合多形细胞瘤１例，腺癌混合纤维肉瘤７例，腺癌混合软骨肉瘤１例，未分化小细胞癌混合软骨肉瘤１例，均经病理切片证实。手术并发症：１５例中１例出现呼吸衰竭，１例出现持续性高热，经积极治疗，２例均痊愈，无手术死亡。随访结果：１年生存率６６．７％（１０／１５），３年生存率５３．３％（８／１５），５年生存率４２．９％（６／１４），７年生存率２／７，术后生存最长时间达８年１个月。作者对肺癌肉瘤的组织来源、病理与临床表现关系及其诊断、治疗和预后进行了讨论     

尿道切除和膀胱肌瓣尿道成形术在外阴癌治疗中的应用

目的：探讨尿道切除和膀胱肌瓣尿道成形术在外阴癌治疗中的应用价值。方法：从１９７０年８月至１９９８年８月手术治疗外阴癌侵犯者７０例。肿瘤侵犯尿道外口或侵犯尿道〈１．０ｃｍ行２．０ｃｍ尿道切除３１例;肿瘤侵犯尿道下１／２段行全尿道切除３９例;全尿道切除后用膀胱颈与膀胱不分离膀胱肌瓣尿道重建１４例,膀胱颈与膀胱分离尿道重建２５例。结果：手术并发症：部分尿道切除者尿失禁４例（１２．９％）,尿道残端癌复发４例（１２．９％）;全尿道切除者膀胱阴道瘘４例,４例均发生在膀胱颈与膀胱不分离尿道重建法中,占２８．６％（４／１４）。全尿道切除病例无癌复发。本组总的５年生存率为７９％。其中部分尿道切除者为７３．１％,全尿道切除者为８３．３％。结论：部分尿道切除仅适用于肿瘤侵犯尿道外口或侵犯尿道〈１．０ｃｍ者;全尿道切除适用于肿瘤侵犯尿     

123例老年人肺癌的外科治疗体会

本文报告自１９９０年５月～１９９５年４月，手术治疗６０岁以上肺癌１２３例。鳞癌４７例，腺癌４３例，小细胞癌１６例，其他１２例。手术切除１１０例（８９．４％），术后并发症２４例（１９．５％），死亡１例（０．８％）。５年生存率３２．３％（１０／３１）。体会：加强围手术期的处理，选择适当的手术方式，是预防老年人肺癌手术后并发症的关键。     

腮腺原发性鳞状细胞癌

报道腮腺原发性鳞癌１４例，男性１１例，女性３例，年龄２０～６６岁（平均，５２岁）。Ⅰ期３例，Ⅱ期４例，Ⅲ期７例，均经病理证实，并排除转移性鳞癌和腮腺粘液表皮样癌可能。单纯手术或放疗各２例，手术＋放疗６例，动脉化疗＋放疗＋手术３例，１例仅行动脉化疗。３年、５年生存率分别为３８．５％，１８．２％。初步探讨其临床病理特点。     

123例老年人肺癌的外科治疗体会

本文报告自１９９０年５月￣１９９５年４月，手术治疗６０岁以上肺癌１２３例。鳞癌４７例，腺癌４３例，小细胞癌１６例，其他１２例。手术切除１１０例（８９．４％），术后并发症２４例（１９．５％），死亡１例（０．８％）。５年生存率３２．３％（１０／３１）。体会：加强围手术期的处理，选择适当的手术方式，是预防老年人肺癌手术后并发症的关键。     

年青人原发性肺癌的临床研究

收集我院１９６４～１９９１年间资料较完整的２７３例４０岁以下原发性肺癌患者进行临床分析，其中男性１９３例（７０．７％），女性８０例（２９．３％）；腺癌占４１．０％（１１２／２７３），鳞癌占４０．７％（１１１／２７３），小细胞未分化癌占１６．５％（４５／２７３）。非手术治疗的１５０例中，生存＜１年者达１１６例（７７．３％），＞５年者仅６例（４％）。而手术治疗的１２３例中，９０例进行了肺叶或全肺切除，     

原发性气管肿瘤24例报告

作者报告原发性气管肿瘤２４例，手术治疗２３例，切除１９例，切除率８２．６％，姑息切除及气管造口４例，２４例中恶性肿瘤２１例，良性肿瘤３例。肿瘤位于气管上段８例，中段６例，下段１０例。切除１９例全部临床治愈，术后１、３、５和１０年生存率分别为８２．３％（１４／１７）、７５％（９／１２）、７５％（６／８）和５０％（２／４）。作者认为：气管肿瘤误诊率高，应注意早期诊断，已确诊的气管肿瘤应注意选择手术时机和手术方法。     

70例原发性阴道癌治疗的临床报告

为了探讨原发性阴道癌的预后因素及治疗方法,对１９６３ 年１０ 月至１９９３ 年１ 月间收治的７０ 例阴道癌病例进行回顾性分析。鳞癌５４ 例,腺癌１６ 例,放疗者５７ 例,手术者１３ 例,根据病灶部位不同采取不同治疗方法。各期的５ ａ 生存率为：Ⅰ期６１．１％ （１１／１８） ,Ⅱ期４２ ．３％ （１１／２６）,Ⅲ期２８．６ ％（４／１４）,Ⅳ期１６．７％（２／１２）,Ｐ＜ ０．０５;鳞癌及腺癌的５ ａ 生存率分别为４８．１ ％ 及１２．５％ ,Ｐ＜０ ．０１;不同病理分级的５ ａ 生存率为：Ⅰ级５８ ．３ ％ ,Ⅱ级４４．４ ％ ,Ⅲ级２２．７％ ,Ｐ＞ ０．０５;不同阴道受侵长度的５ ａ 生存率为：１／３ 受侵者５２．５ ％ ,２／３ 受侵者２５．０ ％ ,２／３ 受侵者１６．７ ％ ,Ｐ＜ ０．０１;总的５ ａ 生存率为４０ ．０％ （２８／７０） 。结果表明,临床期别、病理类型、阴道受侵长度与预后相关,病理分级与预后无关;阴道癌治疗首选放疗,早发现,早治疗,合理的放疗剂量分布及适合的剂量是提高生存率的关键。     

涎腺腺样囊性癌的放射治疗──附75例分析

１９７５年至１９８７年我院收治腺样囊性癌７５例。腮腺１２例，颌下腺１４例，舌下腺１例和小涎腺４８例。综合治疗５４例（７２％），单纯放疗１６例和单纯手术５例。５年随访率８７．９％，３、５和１０年生存率分别为７７．３％（５８／７５），６５．５％（３８／５８）和４５．２％（１４／３１）。单纯放疗、单纯手术和综合治疗５年生存率分别为３８．５％（５／１３），５０％（２／４）和７５．６％（３１／４１）（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ⅰ～Ⅳ期５年生存率分别为８１．３％（１３／１６）、７０％（１４／２０）、５３．３％（８／１５）和４２．９％（３／７）（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

原发性胆囊癌56例临床分析

作者报告原发性胆囊癌５６例，占同期收治肝外恶性梗阻性黄疸及胆囊炎、胆石症患者的７．４％（５６／７５２），手术探查３８例，探查率６７．９％（３８／５６），手术切除３５例，切除率６２．５％（３５／５６），１年生存率４８．２％，２年生存率２１．４％，３年生存率８．９％，无５年生存者。作者通过对５６例的临床及病理分析，对原发性胆囊癌的诊断及治疗问题作了讨论。     

Double primary cancer in the larynx and lung--report of 12 cases

12 patients with double primary cancers in the larynx and lung were treated from 1958 to 1984. The incidence is 1.2% (12/943) of laryngeal carcinomas, 1.3% (12/904) of multiple primary cancers, 1.4% (12/873) of double primary cancers and 39% (12/31) of double primary cancers related to laryngeal cancers. There were 9 male and 3 female. 11 of the first primary cancers occurred in the larynx and only one in the lung. All were proved to be squamous cell carcinoma. In the 11 patients whose second primaries occurred in the lung, 4 were proved to be squamous cell carcinoma, one adenocarcinoma, one oat cell carcinoma, one poorly differentiated carcinoma and one cancer unclassified. Of 10 patients in whom both the first and the second primary cancer were treated, 6 survived for more than 2 years, 4 for 3 years and one for 5 years after the second treatment. It seems that double primary cancers of the larynx and lung could yield favorable results.     

Malignant tumors of the anal canal: the spectrum of disease, treatment, and outcomes

BACKGROUND: Cancers of the anal canal are a rare and diverse group of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract currently managed most often with surgery, chemoradiotherapy, or both. Previous investigations of cancer of the anal canal have reported on small numbers of patients, included only squamous histology, or included a select group of patients. The current study reviewed a large consecutive series of patients with cancer of the anal canal, including all histologies, who received chemoradiotherapy as the primary treatment modality. METHODS: The spectrum of pathology, treatment, and outcomes for 192 patients with malignant tumors of the anal canal over a 10-year period, from 1984 to 1994, was analyzed. Patient charts were reviewed for diagnosis, staging, treatment, survival, and recurrence rates. RESULTS: The pathologies of 192 patients (mean age, 58 years; 119 females and 73 males) included 143 (74%) with squamous cell carcinoma, 36 (19%) with adenocarcinoma, and 7 (4%) with melanoma. The remaining 6 patients (3%) were diagnosed with neuroendocrine tumors (2), carcinoid tumor (1), Kaposi sarcoma (1), leiomyosarcoma (1), or lymphoma (1). T classification distributions were T1 (3%), T2 (46%), T3 (28%), and T4 (12%). The overall crude 5-year survival and recurrence rates were 53% and 34%, respectively. Five-year survival rates were 57% for squamous cell carcinoma, 63% for adenocarcinoma, and 33% for melanoma. Five-year survival rates by T classification were T1 (62%), T2 (57%), T3 (45%), and T4 (17%). Twenty-one (15%) of the patients with squamous cell carcinoma underwent surgical therapy only, with a 5-year survival rate of 60% and a recurrence rate of 23% at 5 years. The remaining 122 patients (85%) with squamous cell carcinoma received chemoradiotherapy only, with a 5-year survival rate of 55% and a recurrence rate of 34% at 5 years. Salvage abdominal perineal resection for recurrent or persistent squamous cell carcinoma after chemoradiotherapy was performed on 13 patients, with 8 (62%) of them alive at a mean follow-up of 32 months. Twenty-two patients (61%) with adenocarcinoma of the anal canal were treated with surgery, and 14 patients (39%) underwent surgery with adjuvant chemoradiation therapy. The 5-year survival and recurrence rates were 63% and 21%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Chemoradiotherapy for patients with squamous cell carcinoma offers survival rates equivalent to surgical therapy and preserved sphincter function. Adenocarcinoma managed with surgery, with adjuvant therapy for selected patients, gives good results. Melanoma continues to be associated with a poor prognosis.     

Variation in survival for adults with Nasopharyngeal cancer in Europe, 1978–1989

During the period 1978-1989, 2,054 new patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were registered in the EUROCARE study, which, during 1985-1989 involved 45 population-based cancer registries in 17 countries. The follow-up time was at least 5 years. 48% of all cases were squamous cell carcinomas and 39% undifferentiated carcinomas, which were more frequent in males. The overall relative 1- and 5-year survival rates (data included from 8 countries with complete data) were 75 and 34%, respectively, for males, and 72 and 32%, respectively, for females, but in a multivariate analysis, there was no significant difference in risk between males and females (0.93 (0.84-1.01), hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for females). The overall relative 5-year survival (data included from nine countries with complete data) declined with age, from 53% for patients aged 15-44 years to 31% for patients aged 65-74 years. For patients with undifferentiated tumours, higher survival rates were observed in Scandinavia, Slovakia and Mediterranean countries, with lower rates for patients from the U.K. and Estonia. Survival for patients with squamous cell carcinoma was lowest in Scotland, England and Estonia. In a multivariate analysis, there was a significant difference in risk of death between those with squamous cell carcinomas and those with undifferentiated (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74-0.90). Between 1978 and 1989, the prognosis did not change.     

36例喉癌并发原发肺癌的临床分析

目的 探讨喉癌患者以肺癌为表现的第二原发癌的发病情况,治疗方法及预后。方法 总结2182例喉癌患者中出现的36例第二原发肺癌,回顾分析喉癌的治疗（分为单一放疗、单一手术、手术＋放疗）对发生第二原发肺癌的影响,及第二原发肺癌的治疗情况和预后。随访患者均超过5年,随诊率为100％。生存率用寿命表法计算。结果 36例第二原发肺 癌、占喉癌患者总例数的1．7％（36／2182）;占喉癌第二原发癌的45．0％（36／80）,而同期15541例肺癌患者中,则没有在喉部发生第二原发癌者。第二原发肺癌多在喉癌确诊后平均44个月（1－14年）时发现。36例中,鳞癌32例,腺癌2例,小细胞未分化癌1例,大细胞未分化癌1例。第二原发肺癌平均生存23个月,2年生存率41．7％,5年生率为1例,大细胞未分化癌1例。第二原发肺癌平均生存23个月,2年生存率为41．7％,5年生存率为8．3％。结论 喉癌的第二原发癌以肺癌为最多,而肺癌很少出现第二原发喉癌。喉癌的治疗方法对肺癌的方法与否及发生时机影响不大,手术＋放疗优于单一手术及单一放疗。     

40例原发性气管癌治疗结果

目的 回顾性分析原发性气管癌的临床资料和治疗结果。方法 40例原发性气管癌中,男性28例,女性12例,中位年龄47岁。从出现症状到确诊的中位时间为10个月(1～60个月)。其中腺样囊性癌15例,鳞癌14例,腺癌8例,小细胞癌2例,黏液表皮样癌1例。采用手术加放射治疗32例,单纯放射治疗6例,单纯手术治疗2例。结果 全组患者中位生存时间40个月,1,5,10年生存率分别为86％、59％和29％,局部控制率分别为84％、60％和50％,远处转移率分别为17％、51％和84％。结论 手术加术后放射治疗是原发性气管癌较合理的治疗模式。虽然本病治疗后容易出现复发,但积极的再治疗能够延长患者的生存期。     

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx: Results of primary radiotherapy

During the six-year period in 1979 through 1985, 226 patients (67 females and 159 males) with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx were treated at the Finsen Institute in Copenhagen. Ages ranged from 35 to 86 years with an average of 64 years for females and 61 years for males. The primary tumour was most often situated in the lateral wall (55%) and the anterior wall (25%). Thirty-nine per cent of the tumours were in stage III and 40% in stage IV. The primary treatment was radiotherapy, in this period given with three different treatment schedules, one continuous and two split-course. The 5-year crude survival rate in the total material was 36% and the corrected 5-year survival rate 45%. Females had a higher loco-regional control rate than males, but there was no significant differences between the sexes concerning survival. The tumour stage (IUCC, 1978) was an important prognostic factor for both loco-regional control and survival. No significant differences could be found between the three treatment schedules concerning loco-regional control or survival.     

异时性食管癌和胃癌的临床特征及预后分析

目的 探讨异时性食管癌和胃癌的临床特征及影响预后的因素.方法 收集1979年7月至2005年3月诊治的27例异时性食管鳞癌和胃腺癌患者的临床资料,并进行预后单因素分析.结果 全组患者有肿瘤家族史者占29.6%.总5年生存率为61.0%,10年生存率为52.0%,中位生存期为105个月.单因素预后分析显示,手术切除是影响异时性食管癌和胃癌患者预后的重要因素.结论 异时性食管癌和胃癌患者有独特的临床特点,部分患者有遗传背景,治疗效果较好;手术切除是异时性食管癌和胃癌主要和有效的治疗方式.     

不能手术肾癌及肾盂输尿管癌放疗效果分析

目的 回顾性分析不能手术治疗的肾癌及肾盂输尿管癌放疗结果。方法 2006—2015年间 29例无法行肾癌及肾盂输尿管癌手术患者实行了放疗,其中男 18例、女 11例,年龄 41~95岁(中位数 76岁);肾癌 17例,肾盂输尿管癌 12例;临床血尿 14例,腰背痛 7例。采用剂量递增放疗模式,其中伽马刀治疗 17例、HT治疗 12例。伽马刀50%等剂量线为处方剂量线,3~5 Gy/次,PTV边缘 40~50 Gy,GTV边缘 60~70 Gy。HT 50、60、70 Gy分 15~20次。结果 原发灶CR率为17%(5/29)、PR率为69%(20/29),总有效率(CR+PR)为86%。血尿消失93%,腰背痛消失100%。3、5年样本量分别为15、11例,肾癌和肾盂输尿管癌3、5年生存率分别为81%、81%和69%、69%。治疗期间1、2级消化系统反应 25例,1、2级骨髓抑制 20例,给予药物对症治疗后好转。结论 肾癌和肾盂输尿管癌伽马刀和HT安全有效切可提高LC和OS率,为不能手术肾癌和肾盂输尿管癌患者提供了有效治疗手段。     

Primary radiotherapy of T1 squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: analysis of 478 patients treated from 1963 to 1985

Radiotherapy was administered to 478 consecutively treated patients with laryngeal T1 squamous cell carcinoma between 1963-1985. One hundred and seventeen had a supraglottic, 358 a glottic, and 3 a subglottic tumor. Supraglottis: 71% males; 49% T1a; 14 patients with nodes. Glottis: 90% males; 82% T1a; 1 patient with node. The 10-year value for local control in the supraglottic group was 55% and in the glottic group 81%. No difference was observed between T1a and T1b. Regional nodes and distant metastases were seldom seen in the glottic, but frequently observed in the supraglottic group. The treatment results appeared to be most favorable in women. The 10-year corrected survival for supraglottic and glottic tumors demonstrated a highly significant difference, 67% compared to 94%. There was a significantly increasing incidence of events with lower tumor differentiation. Split-course and conventional radiotherapy gave equal treatment results, but late complications were significantly more common with the former. A major problem was new primary cancers, which within 20 years occurred in 34% of patients surviving a supraglottic tumor and in 23% of the glottic patients. The predominant new site was the lung (23% and 13%, respectively). Thus, in the glottic group more patients died from the new cancer than from the glottic carcinoma.