体表心电图对窄型QRS波心动过速的鉴别诊断

采用体表心电图１０项指标对７３例窄型ＱＲＳ波（＜０．１２ｓ）心动过速鉴别诊断，并与电生理检查分型比较，射频电消蚀术验证，７３例均为室上性心动过速，其中房性心动过速１例，房室结折返住心动过速２６例，房室折返性心动过速４６例。１０项指标中，Ｐ’波及极性，ＲＰ’间期、ＲＰ’／ＲＲ比值、ＲＰ’间期与Ｐ’Ｒ间期二者的关系、Ｖ１导联之ｒ’波、ＱＲＳ波电交替、２°度房室传导阻滞对鉴别有肯定价值，检出符合率８２．２％。     

特发性室性心动过速伴室房传导一例

临床资料 患者女性,４６岁。阵发性心动过速反复发作３年,每次发作均自行终止。曾多次检查心电图、超声心动图和Ｘ线胸片,均未发现异常。２０００年 ８月 ２８日,因心动过速发作 ２ ｈ就诊,心电图（图１Ａ）示宽ＱＲＳ心动过速。ＲＲ间期０．５２ｓ,ＱＲＳ时限 ０．１２ ｓ,粗看 ＱＲＳ波呈右束支阻滞伴心电轴显著左偏;除 Ｖ４导联最后 １个 ＱＲＳ波外,在每 １个 ＱＲＳ波后均可见 Ｐ’波,ＲＰ’间期 ０．２０ｓ。似可考虑为房室折返性心动过速伴室内差异性传导。图１Ｂ示ＲＲ间期、ＲＰ’间期均无明显变化,多次出现连续２个 Ｑ…     

静脉注射ATP致短阵室速并使房室结双径路显现一例

静脉注射ＡＴＰ致短阵室速并使房室结双径路显现一例田珺患者，女，３６岁。近４～５年于月经期反复阵发性心悸，再发３ｍｉｎ就诊。体检及辅助检查无器质性心脏病证据。心电图示窄ＱＲ３波室上性心动过速（ＰＳＶＴ），频率１８２次／分，逆行Ｐ－波（Ⅱ、Ⅲ、ａＶＦ、Ｖ...     

预激综合征并发心房纤颤或心房扑动的临床特征和预后

为了解预激综合征并发心房纤颤或心房扑动（Ａｆ／ＡＦ）的临床与预后，回顾性分析Ａｆ／ＡＦ者２６例。其中伴器质性心脏病者１４例。Ａｆ／ＡＦ发作时，ＱＲＳ波增宽１７例，大多伴低血压（１５例），亦有伴昏厥（８例）、急性左心衰竭（４例）或室颤（４例）；另９例ＱＲＳ波不增宽，其中仅２例伴低血压。宽ＱＲＳ波组Ａｆ／ＡＦ发作时最短Ｒ－Ｒ间期（２４７±４７ｍｓ）及平均心室率（１９８±４３次／分）分别短于和快于窄ＱＲＳ波组Ａｆ／ＡＦ发作时最短Ｒ－Ｒ间期（３９３±８０ｍｓ）与平均心室率（１４４±２２次／分），Ｐ＜０．０１。电复律、Ⅰ类及Ⅲ类抗心律失常药物能有效终止宽ＱＲＳ波组Ａｆ／ＡＦ发作或减慢心室率，西地兰和维拉帕米无效，且可致低血压（４例）、昏厥及室颤（各１例）。窄ＱＲＳ波组西地兰及维拉帕米效果良好。２６例患者平均随访４．４年，随访率１００％。随访期间，宽ＱＲＳ波组猝死３例、心力衰竭致死及其他死亡各１例，而窄ＱＲＳ波组则全存活。提示预激综合征并发Ａｆ／ＡＦ患者的临床险恶程度、治疗反应及远期预后可因Ａｆ／ＡＦ发作时是否伴旁道前向传导而大不相同。     

宽QRS心动过速的鉴别诊断分析

宽ＱＲＳ心动过速是指ＱＲＳ间期≥0 1 2ｓ的心动过速。由于宽ＱＲＳ波心动过速起源部位的诊断对治疗有重要的意义。现就我院近年来 40例宽ＱＲＳ的心动过速的心电图诊断及临床诊断经验和体会报告如下。宽ＱＲＳ波心动过速的常见原因为 :①室性心动过速 (ＶＴ) ;②室上性心动过速 (ＰＳＶＴ)合并束支传导阻滞 ;③ＰＳＶＴ伴室内差异性传导 ;④室上性快速心律失常 [心动过速、心房颤动 (Ａｆ)或心房扑动(ＡＦ) ]时 ,室上性冲动经由房室旁束常见为Ｋｅｎｔ束下传至心室引起的心室激动 ;⑤由Ｍａｈａｉｍ纤维参与的结室折返型心动过速 ;⑥束支…     

宽QRS心动过速的鉴别诊断和急诊处置

宽ＱＲＳ心动过速的鉴别诊断和急诊处置孔江，王思让中国急救医学１９９４；１４（２）：８宽ＱＲＳ心动过速（ＷＱＴ）是ＱＲＳ波≥０．１２秒，且心室率＞２００次／分的心动过速，通常缺乏窦性心律的证据。本文分析了１３例患者的临床表现，心电图，治疗反应和转归。诊...     

窄QRS波群心动过速ST—T改变的临床意义

为了解窄ＯＲＳ波群心动过速ＳＴ－Ｔ改变的临床意义,观察６０例窄ＱＲＳ波群室上性心动过速发作时心电图Ｒ－Ｒ间期、ＳＴ－Ｔ改变和心腔内心电图房间传导时间、逆向心房激动顺序。结果显示：房室折返性心动过速的ＳＴ段压低〉２ｍｍ和／或Ｔ波倒置（％）、ＳＴ波压低幅度、房间传导时间均非常显著大于房室结折返性心动过速（Ｐ均〈０．０１）;发作时ＳＴ－Ｔ改变左侧旁道多见于Ｖ１～Ｖ６导联、右侧旁道多见于Ⅱ、Ⅲ、ａＶＦ导联     

ATP终止房室折返性心动过速的临床与电生理观察

本文用食管心房搏法诱发房室折返性心动过速（ＡＶＲＴ）７６例次，对比观察了ＡＴＰ１０、２０、３０ｍｇ和５、１０ｓ给药速度终止ＡＶＲＴ的疗效和终止特点。结果表明:①ＡＴＰ终止ＡＶＲＴ的疗效与剂量有关，１０ｍｇ有效率为５７．１４％，２０ｍｇ和３０ｍｇ均达１００％；对窦房结和房室结的抑制作用亦随剂量增加而加大。②ＡＴＰ静注速度５ｓ与１０ｓ疗效无显著差异。ＡＴＰ终止ＡＶＲＴ前均出现ＲＲ和Ｐ－Ｒ间期逐渐延长，至Ｐ后ＱＲＳ脱漏终止心动过速。     

食管心房调搏指标诊断室上性心动过速价值的评定

以射频消融结果为依据，评定Ｓ＿２Ｒ跃增值和ＲＰ＿Ｅ时距对４８例慢－快型房室结折返性心动过速（Ｓ－Ｆ型ＡＶＮＲＴ）和１４１例顺向型房室折返性心动过速（Ｏ－ＡＶＲＴ）患者的诊断及鉴别诊断价值，并讨论两类心动过速食管调搏的定量判别标准。结果表明：（１）Ｓ＿２Ｒ跃增以≥６０ｍｓ诊断ＡＶＮＲＴ为宜，但有一定局限性，其敏感性、特异性、诊断价值分别为９１．６％、８５．８％、７２．８％。（２）ＲＰ＿Ｅ时距≤７０ｍｓ和＞７０ｍｓ分别对Ｓ－Ｆ型ＡＶＮＲＴ、Ｏ－ＡＶＲＴ的诊断及鉴别诊断价值较高。敏感性、特异性、诊断价值分别为９３．８％、１００％、１００％与１００％、９３．８％、９７．９％．（３）少数（１７％）右侧壁旁道逆传性心动过速ＲＰ＿Ｅ／Ｐ＿ＥＲ可＞１．０。（４）Ｓ－Ｆ型ＡＶＮＲＴ与Ｏ－ＡＶＲＴ的定量判别Ｓ＿２Ｒ跃增、ＲＰ＿Ｅ标准宜分别取≥６０ｍｓ、≤７０ｍｓ与＜６０ｍｓ、＞７０ｍｓ。     

顺传型房室折返性心动过速伴室内差异传导

顺传型房室折返性心动过速伴室内差异传导许大国张群林涂远超患者男性，７２岁，临床诊断为Ａ型预激综合征并阵发性室上性心动过速（ＰＳＶＴ）。常规心电图示Ａ型预激综合征，预激程度较小。食管心房调搏Ｓ１Ｓ１刺激ＱＲＳ波预激程度较大，Ｖ１导联呈Ｒ型。基础状态下行...     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.