Time course of vitamin E repletion in the premature infant

Plasma and erythrocyte (RBC) tocopherol-isomer concentrations were determined serially in forty-two premature infants (25-35 weeks gestation) from birth to 8 weeks of age. For comparison purposes vitamin E status was also determined in six term infants over the first 8 d following birth and in a group of thirteen adult volunteers. Vitamin E intakes in term and preterm infants were calculated from recorded food intakes and blood transfusions. In term infants plasma vitamin E concentration rose from 1.9 mg/l (day 1) to 8.2 mg/l by day 8. In comparison preterm plasma vitamin E concentration, 0.3 mg/l (day 1), did not change appreciably by day 8 (0.7 mg/l). Likewise RBC vitamin E concentration increased in term infants from 1.3 mg/l (day 1) to 2.7 mg/l (day 8), while in preterm infants it remained unchanged, 1.5 mg/1 (day 1) v. 1.3 mg/l (day 8). Over the 3 weeks following birth, RBC vitamin E concentrations in the premature infants increased to adult values, while plasma vitamin E concentration did not reach the adult range until 8 weeks post-term. These slow changes in plasma vitamin E status occurred even though the vitamin E intake of these infants was similar to that proving adequate for term infants.     

A cross-sectional study of plasma and urinary aluminum levels in term and preterm infants.

High aluminum levels have been reported in sick and intravenously fed premature infants; however, aluminum is a ubiquitous pollutant of food. This study compares the usual aluminum levels of healthy newborns from birth to the third month of life with those of enterally fed premature infants free of renal failure. Plasma and urine concentrations were determined 66 times in full-term newborns (n = 58), 56 times in a group of preterm infants whose gestational age at birth was 28 to 32 weeks (n = 36) and 54 times in another group of preterm infants whose gestational age at birth was 33 to 36 weeks (n = 50). Daily aluminum intakes (+/- SE) of the full-term infants and the two groups of preterm infants were 0.42 +/- 0.05, 0.64 +/- 0.03, and 0.52 +/- 0.03 mumol/kg per day, respectively (p = .05). Plasma aluminum levels were 0.29 +/- 0.05, 0.49 +/- 0.06, and 0.39 +/- 0.05 mumol/L (p = .007); urine excretion levels were 0.80 +/- 0.12, 0.77 +/- 0.21, and 0.78 +/- 0.2 mumol of aluminum/mmol of creatinine (p value not significant). Although the metabolic consequences of the high aluminum intakes and blood levels we have observed in very low birth weight infants remain to be assessed, these results suggest that more attention should be paid to the aluminum status and intake of healthy premature babies.     

Zinc, copper, manganese, and iron balance of parenterally fed very low birth weight preterm infants receiving a trace element supplement

To evaluate a pediatric trace element supplement (Ped-El, Pharmacia) 18 metabolic balance studies were completed in 13 infants (mean birth weight 909 +/- 67 g, x +/- SEM; mean gestational age 27.2 +/- 1 weeks) who received total parenteral nutrition. The supplement supplied 40 micrograms/kg/day of zinc resulting in negative retention of 226 micrograms/kg/day. Copper infused at 20 micrograms/kg/day led to a positive retention of 8 micrograms/kg/day and an increase in serum Cu (p less than 0.05) not related to Cu intakes. Manganese infused at 40 micrograms/kg/day was nearly all retained (88 +/- 16% retention). Iron infused at 120 micrograms/kg/day led to a positive retention of 93 micrograms/kg/day. Although plasma ferritin and percent transferrin saturation were elevated, only plasma Fe values were correlated with Fe intake. This trace element supplement does not appear suitable for very low birth weight preterm infants.     

Evaluation of transthyretin as a monitor of protein-energy intake in preterm and sick neonatal infants

In the past, weight and weight gain have been the two parameters used frequently in neonatal units to monitor nutrition among high-risk infants. Our investigation sought to assess how several anthropometric measures (weight, length, head circumference, arm:head circumference ratio, and tricep skinfold) and serum albumin, transthyretin, and transferrin concentrations reflect protein and energy intake. After monitoring 42 preterm and 40 sick infants over 3 consecutive weeks, we found that transthyretin concentration proved the only serum protein which accurately measured energy and protein intakes in less than 1 week from dietary manipulation. Among preterm infants, as protein and energy intakes rose, transthyretin concentration increased significantly (p less than 0.001). Preterm infants ingested 79 +/- 39 kcal/kg/day and 2.04 +/- 1.02 g protein/kg/day at the first assessment point after birth and rose to 103 +/- 34 kcal/kg/day and 2.64 +/- 0.94 g protein/kg/day. Likewise, transthyretin measured 10.83 +/- 3.91 mg/dl at the initial measurement and rose to 14.80 +/- 4.44 at the second measurement time. Although protein intakes measured slightly lower in the sick group, their intakes correlated to transthyretin concentration (assessment time 1, r = 0.39; time 2, r = 0.33; time 3, r = 0.33). Thus, transthyretin concentration in neonatal infants offers a rapid, accurate, and moderately inexpensive way to monitor protein-energy adequacy.     

Selenium concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood at 24-42 weeks of gestation: basis for optimization of selenium supplementation to premature infants

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Selenium (Se) deficiency may have deleterious effects on premature infants. Umbilical cord (UC) Se concentrations presumably reflect fetal Se concentrations and represent reference values that should be achieved in premature infants. We aimed to establish reference data of Se serum concentrations in parturient women and their neonates across gestation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Parturient mothers and their newborn infants born after 24-42 weeks of gestation were enrolled. Only appropriate for gestational age (GA) singleton infants were included. Se serum concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry, in blood samples from parturient mothers and their infants (umbilical blood). Demographic, perinatal and labor data were obtained, and their correlations with umbilical Se serum concentrations, maternal Se serum concentrations, and the maternal-umbilical Se difference were examined. RESULTS: UC Se serum concentrations increased as gestation progressed (P<0.01). A statistically significant linear relationship was found between UC Se serum concentrations and GA (R=0.341, P<0.0001), birth weight (R=0.237, P=0.002), and 5-min Apgar score (R=0.202, P<0.01). Using multiple regression analysis, only GA was significantly associated with UC serum Se concentration (P=0.012). Maternal Se serum concentration were stable throughout gestation, and maternal-umbilical Se difference was negatively correlated with GA (R=-0.337, P<0.0001) and birth weight (R=-0.369, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: UC Se serum concentration increases and the maternal-umbilical Se difference declines with gestation progression, probably reflecting fetal accretion of Se. With the current Se supplementation in premature infants, Se concentrations are lower than those measured in our study. We, therefore, suggest a two-fold increase or more in the recommended Se dosage.     

Concurrent administration of albumin with total parenteral nutrition in sick newborn infants.

The effects of concurrent administration of albumin with total parenteral nutrition were studied in 12 premature newborns (birth weight 1.26 +/- 0.1 kg [mean +/- SEM] and gestational age 30 +/- 0.8 weeks [mean +/- SEM]) compared with a control group of 12 premature newborns (birth weight 1.17 +/- 0.2 kg and gestational age 29 +/- 0.1 weeks) who received total parenteral nutrition. All newborns had a plasma albumin level below 3 g/dL and were in cardiorespiratory distress requiring assisted ventilation. Albumin supplementation of total parenteral nutrition resulted in a sustained increase in serum albumin concentration as well as increased mean arterial blood pressures in the study group. Slow albumin infusion had no observed effect on the severity of respiratory distress. Study group infants regained birth weight earlier than control group infants. These data suggest that the concurrent administration of albumin may be clinically beneficial in critically ill newborn infants.     

广州部分早产儿血清甲状腺激素水平与胎龄,出生体重的关系

探讨早产儿血清甲状腺激素水平与胎龄，出生体重的关系。方法用放免法测定早产儿血清Ｔ３、Ｔ４、ＴＳＨ水平，分别按胎龄和体重进行分组比较及相关分析，并对极低体重儿的Ｔ３、Ｔ４和ＴＳＨ进行了动态观察。结论早儿血清甲状腺激素水平与胎龄及出血体重呈显著正相关，对极低体重儿可适当补充甲状腺素。     

Vitamin E and selenium in preterm infants: lack of effect on clinical patency of ductus arteriosus

Levels of antioxidant defenses, which include vitamin E and Se-dependent GSH-Px, are generally relatively low in the fetus and neonate. Se-dependent GSH-Px and vitamin E are known to modulate biosynthesis of eicosanoids and therefore could have the potential for affecting patency or closure of the ductus arteriosus after birth. We evaluated some indices of antioxidant defense in sick LBW infants in relationship to one another as well as to clinical PDA, and investigated the effects of producing a rapid rise in serum vitamin E levels in some of these infants. Twenty-nine sick preterm infants (B. W. 750-1750 g) were randomized into control and vitamin E supplemented groups; the latter received dl-alpha-tocopherol IM., commencing within 12 hours of birth, to a total dosage of 175 mg/kg over four weeks. Most E-supplemented infants attained serum tocopherol levels greater than 0.50 mg/dl (12 mumol/l) within 24 hours of the first dose. Vitamin E supplementation did not influence clinical patency or closure of the ductus arteriosus, and no correlation could be established between serum levels of alpha-tocopherol, Se, GSH-Px or NPS and PDA. At 4 weeks vitamin E-supplemented infants had serum levels of the other antioxidant indices that were not significantly different from the non-supplemented babies.     

Maternal selenium status in Slovenia and its impact on the selenium concentration of umbilical cord serum and colostrum

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess serum selenium (Se) level of Slovenian mothers at birth and to elucidate its impact on the Se content of umbilical cord serum of their newborns and of that of colostrum. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In sera of 20 Slovenian mothers at delivery and in the corresponding umbilical cord sera of their newborns Se concentrations were determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). In addition Se levels in 10 healthy female blood donors were determined. Colostrum samples of 18 mothers collected on the second and third day post partum were also investigated for their Se content. RESULTS: Serum Se concentrations of mothers showed to be 62+/-15 microg/l. Umbilical cord sera had 34+/-7 microg/l, which amounts to 55% of the maternal content. Concentrations of Se in colostrum ranged from 17 to 48 microg/l with a mean of 29+/-10 microg/l. In the sera of female blood donors the mean was 66+/-15 microg/l. A significant correlation (P<0.002) between the Se content of maternal and umbilical sera could be established. No significant correlation was found between maternal serum Se concentration and that of colostrum. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that dietary Se intake for pregnant women in Slovenia is borderline.     

The gut takes nearly all: threonine kinetics in infants

BACKGROUND: Threonine is an essential amino acid that is abundantly present in intestinally produced glycoproteins. Animal studies show that intestinal first-pass threonine metabolism is high, particularly during a restricted enteral protein intake. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to quantify intestinal first-pass threonine metabolism in preterm infants during full enteral feeding and during restricted enteral intake. DESIGN: Eight preterm infants (x +/- SD birth weight: 1.1 +/- 0.1 kg; gestational age: 29 +/- 2 wk) were studied during 2 periods. During period A, 40% of total intake was administered enterally and 60% was administered parenterally. Total threonine intake was 58 +/- 6 micromol kg(-1) h(-1). During period B, the infants received full enteral feeding, and the total threonine intake was 63 +/- 6 micromol kg(-1) h(-1). Dual stable-isotope tracer techniques were used to assess splanchnic and whole-body threonine kinetics. RESULTS: The fractional first-pass threonine uptake by the intestine was remarkably high in both periods: 82 +/- 6% during partial enteral feeding and 70 +/- 6% during full enteral feeding. Net threonine retention was not affected by the route of feeding. CONCLUSION: In preterm infants, the splanchnic tissues extract a very large amount of the dietary threonine intake, which indicates a high obligatory visceral need for threonine, presumably for the purposes of synthesis.     

A nutritional evaluation of vitamin E status in very low birth weight infants with respect to changes in plasma and red blood cell tocopherol levels

Nutritional status of vitamin E was assessed in very low birth weight infants of less than 1,500 g, with respect to changes in plasma and red blood cell (RBC) tocopherol concentrations. The forty infants examined were divided into two groups in terms of their birth weight: group A, less than 1,000 g; and group B, 1,000-1,500 g. Immediately after birth, plasma tocopherol level was 335 +/- 101 micrograms/dl in group A and 316 +/- 103 micrograms/dl in group B, while RBC tocopherol was 187 +/- 48 micrograms/dl and 231 +/- 72 micrograms/dl packed PBCs, in groups A and B, respectively. In two infants, RBC tocopherol concentrations were less than 115 micrograms/dl, this level being reported as the lowest of the normal range. After birth, plasma and RBC tocopherol levels decreased markedly during 4 to 6 weeks of life especially in group A, while no decrease below normal range was documented in RBC levels in group B. A fine granule preparation of tocopheryl nicotinate (20 mg/kg/day) was administered in seven other infants, three in group A and four in group B. All three infants in group A showed no elevation of plasma and RBC tocopherol levels during the first 4 or 5 weeks of the administration, but a marked elevation thereafter. In three of the four infants in group B, an elevation of plasma and RBC tocopherol concentrations was documented after 2 weeks of the administration. The above findings indicate that no deficiency exists even in very low birth weight infants immediately after birth, while the deficiency may develop after birth, due to a poor ability to absorb fat.     

早产儿喂养不耐受的临床特征及影响因素分析

目的 分析出生胎龄<37周早产儿喂养不耐受(FI)的临床特征及影响因素,为临床早识别、早干预提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2020年1—12月南京市妇幼保健院新生儿科收治的814例出生胎龄<37周早产儿的临床资料,根据是否发生FI分为FI组与喂养耐受组,分析FI的临床特征及影响因素。结果 FI组128例(15.7%),喂养耐受组686例(84.3%);其中,<32周早产儿FI 70例(30.3%),32～<34周28例(20.4%),≥34周30例(6.7%);<1 500 g早产儿FI 56例(32.6%),1 500～<2 500 g 64例(12.7%),≥2 500 g 8例(5.8%)。出生胎龄、体重越小,FI的发生率越高(χ²=66.593、50.621,P<0.001)。FI的临床表现以胃潴留(85.9%)、腹胀(66.4%)、呕吐(43.8%)为主,其中超/极早产儿FI临床表现以胃潴留、腹胀为主,晚期早产儿FI临床表现以腹胀、呕吐为主。单因素分析结果显示,FI组平均出生胎龄、平均出生体重明显低于喂养耐受组(t=...     

Longitudinal evaluation of energy expenditure in preterm infants with birth weight less than 1000 g

The aim of the present study was to obtain serial values of O2 consumption (VO2), CO2 production (VCO2) and energy expenditure (EE) in healthy but extremely-low-birth-weight infants (birth weight <1000 g), during the first 5 weeks after birth. A total of seventeen spontaneously breathing and appropriate-for-gestational-age (birth weight and body length above the 10th and below the 90th percentile) preterm infants with gestational age 25-28 weeks and birth weight 590-990 g were enrolled in the study. Calorimetry was performed using an open-circuit calorimeter on days 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 of postnatal life. During the 5 weeks of observation, VO2 increased from 4.7 (SD 0.5) to 9.1 (SD 1.0) ml/kg per min, VCO2 from 4.5 (SD 0.4) to 8.3 (SD 0.6) ml/kg per min and EE from 115 (SD 12) to 310 (SD 71) kJ/kg per d. The energy intake was always higher than EE, even at days 6 and 12. The RER decreased from 0.99 (SD 0.09) at day 12 to 0.91 (SD 0.05) at day 30. On all study days, there were highly significant positive correlations between energy intake and weight gain, EE and weight gain, and EE and energy intake (P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that on most study days EE was more affected by energy intake than by weight gain. We conclude that in healthy preterm infants with birth weight <1000 g, EE increases by about 150 % in the first 5 weeks after birth, and that the EE values are related to energy intake and weight gain independent of postnatal age.     

Exchangeable zinc pool size at birth is smaller in small-for-gestational-age than in appropriate-for-gestational-age preterm infants

BACKGROUND: Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants are susceptible to postnatal zinc deficiency, but whether this susceptibility is due to intrauterine factors or to high postnatal growth requirements is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that the size of the exchangeable zinc pool (EZP), which reflects metabolically available zinc, would be smaller in SGA than in appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants born prematurely. DESIGN: Intravenous 70Zn (45 microg/kg) was administered to 10 SGA infants (8 boys) with a mean (+/-SD) gestational age of 33.3 +/- 1.8 wk and to 11 AGA infants (8 boys) with a mean (+/-SD) gestational age of 32.4 +/- 1.2 wk within 24 h of birth. The EZP was determined from isotope enrichment in spot urine collections on days 3-7. RESULTS: The mean birth weight of the SGA infants was 1.30 +/- 0.2 kg and of the AGA infants was 1.84 +/- 0.3 kg (P = 0.0001). The EZP size was significantly smaller in the SGA than in the AGA infants on an absolute basis (13.3 +/- 2.8 and 25.2 +/- 8.1 mg; P = 0.0002) and relative to body weight (10.3 +/- 2.5 and 13.9 +/- 4.5 mg/kg; P = 0.02). The difference remained significant after adjustment for gestational age and birth weight. CONCLUSION: These data provide evidence for differential zinc status at birth between SGA and AGA infants born prematurely at similar stages of gestation and offer at least a partial explanation for the reported benefits of postnatal zinc supplementation.     

FGR儿0～3岁体格发育随访结果分析

目的:探讨FGR儿的生长发育模式,为制定健康干预措施提供依据。方法:将昆山市1998年1月1日~2006年6月30日出生、出生体重<2 500 g的678例新生儿分为两组:①足月低体重儿(37周≤胎龄<42周)组,②早产低体重儿组(28周≤胎龄<37周),回顾性分析随访资料(体重、身长和头围等资料),并以足月正常体重儿(2 500 g<出生体重≤4 000 g,37周≤胎龄<42周)作为对照组,随访时间为出生时、42天、3、6、9、12、18、24、30、36个月。结果:3岁时,足月低出生体重儿的平均体重、身长、头围仍低于足月正常体重儿(P<0.05)。随着年龄增长,足月低体重儿的体格发育指标越来越接近对照组,在生后12个月内,生长曲线显示,存在明显的追赶现象。早产低出生体重儿生长潜力大于足月低出生体重儿。结论:证实了FGR儿有追赶生长现象,尤其在生后12个月内。加强对低出生体重儿,尤其是对足月低体重儿生命的早期干预,对改善儿童生长发育状况具有积极意义。     

某院近五年婴儿出生发生早产状况及预后分析

目的 分析近五年来首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院早产儿发生状况及预后,为早产儿研究提供流行病学资料。方法 选择2013年 1 月1日-2017年 12 月31日本院产科出生的6 038例活产早产儿(胎龄＜37周)为研究对象,按照自发性早产、医源性早产进行分类,并进一步根据胎龄分为极早早产儿(胎龄<28周)、早期早产儿(胎龄28~<32周)、中期早产儿(胎龄32~34周)、晚期早产儿(胎龄34~<37周),分别研究早产儿预后。结果 2013-2017年本院早产儿年发生率在7.38%~8.57%之间,平均为8.03%。近五年晚期早产儿发病率呈上升趋势,到2017年达到74.25%。医源性早产病因构成排名前3位的包括:妊娠高血压疾病(978,39.96%)、前置胎盘(478,19.53%)、胎儿宫内窘迫(222,9.07%)。医源性早期早产儿重度窒息发生率高于自发性早产儿(4.1% vs.1.2%,P<0.05),出生体重低于自发性早产儿[(1 338.0±264.4)g vs.(1 381.8±328.0)g,P<0.05)];医源性中期早产儿出生体重低于自发性早产儿[(1 843.9±341.5) vs.(1 897.0±392.7)g,P<0.05)];医源性晚期早产儿住院率高于自发性早产儿(43.9%vs.38.8%,P<0.01)。结论 晚期早产儿发生率呈上升趋势,相对于相应孕周范围的自发性早产儿,医源性早期早产儿重度窒息发生率更高、早期及中期早产儿出生体重偏低、晚期早产儿需要住院的比例更高,应加强医源性早产孕母妊娠期管理、重视医源性早产儿分娩后管理。     

不同胎龄及体重新生儿血Ghrelin、胰岛素样生长因子-1、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3、胰岛素水平检测分析

目的:探讨Ghrelin与新生儿胰岛素-胰岛素样生长因子轴的关系,进一步揭示其对新生儿生长发育及能量代谢的影响。方法:选择62例新生儿,按胎龄、体重分为足月儿、早产儿、适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age,AGA)和小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age,SGA)。其中胎龄30～34周14例,34+1～37周14例,37+1～41周34例。足月SGA13例,足月AGA 21例。检测血Ghrelin、胰岛素样生长因子-1(insulin-like growth factor-1,IGF-1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3,IGFBP-3)以及胰岛素、血糖水平,并在各组间进行比较。结果:30～34周、34+1～37周、37+1～41周3组比较Ghrelin浓度分别为(2.238±0.618)ng/ml(、1.226±0.37)ng/ml(、1.036±0.328)ng/ml,早产儿Ghrelin水平明显高于足月儿(P<0.01),且随着胎龄的增大差距减小;IGF-1分别为(43.214±16.723)ng/ml、(115.579±30.136)ng/ml、(153.292±26.633)ng/ml,IGFBP-3分别为(70.814±22.603)ng/ml、(123.300±28.666)ng/ml、(157.214±38.990)ng/ml,胰岛素分别为(1.032±0.812)μU/ml、(5.534±2.273)μU/ml、(14.654±3.064)μU/ml。IGF-1、IGFBP-3、胰岛素水平早产儿明显低于足月儿(P<0.01),足月SGA的Ghrelin水平明显高于AGA(P<0.01),IGF-1、IGFBP-3、胰岛素水平明显低于AGA(P均<0.01)。各组血糖水平无明显差异(P>0.05)。在SGA和AGA组Ghrelin分别与IGF-1、IGFBP-3及胰岛素呈明显负相关(P<0.01)。结论:SGA新生儿存在胰岛素-IGF轴的损害,IGF-1与胰岛素水平低下,从而使Ghrelin浓度反馈性的升高,以代偿其能量代谢的负平衡。     

早产儿足跟干血片促甲状腺激素水平的检测及分析

目的 了解早产儿足跟干血片促甲状腺激素(thyrotropin, TSH)水平, 探讨早产儿合适的筛查时机和切值, 为临床提供更好的诊断标准。方法 从 2011年收集的10万余份标本中选出早产儿标本4 606份, 以不同胎龄、采血时间和体重分组, 足月儿为对照组。采用时间分辨荧光免疫法测其干血片TSH值, 分析TSH水平分布及组间比对。结果 早产儿足跟干血片TSH整体水平低于足月儿, 极早早产儿和极低体重儿中存在明显的个体差异, 分布不均衡 ;早产儿在延迟2周采血后, 其TSH水平有所下降, 一般早产儿为整体均衡下降, 而极早早产儿和极低体重儿在百分位数居中的水平变化不大, 但在百分位数末端高值处则有升高;一般早产儿的TSH切值与足月儿基本一致, 而极早早产儿和极低体重儿的则有明显下降, 且在延迟2周采血后亦有明显下降。结论 制定TSH筛查切值应考虑不同胎龄、体重和采血时间的影响。     

早产儿、足月小于胎龄儿与听力损失关系的探讨

[目的]探讨早产儿、足月小于胎龄儿与听损失及其程度的关系,为临床诊治提供参考依据。[方法]应用脑干听觉诱发电位对不同胎龄早产儿、足月小于胎龄儿进行听力测试,以单侧耳V波反应阈>30dBnHz作为2-4kHz范围内听损失指标,并对高危因素进行逻辑回归分析。[结果]测试异常新生儿246名,发现听损失63例。胎龄<30周的早产儿3例,听损失3例(100%);胎龄30-34周47例,听损失22例(46.8%);胎龄34-37周的早产儿共171例,听损失30例(17.5%);胎龄>37周的足月小于胎龄儿25例,听损失8例(32%),不同胎龄发生听损失差异显著(P<0.001)。中、重度以上听损失12例,其中中-重度10例,极重度2例,胎龄与听损失程度呈负相关,胎龄越小,听损失越重(r=-0.378P<0.01)。不同低出生体重发生听损失也有显著差异(P<0.001)。测试正常新生儿52例,听损失1例(1.9%),与早产儿、足月小于胎龄儿发生听损失差异显著(P<0.01)。[结论]逻辑回归分析显示,听损失相关因素有早产、低出生体重、围生期感染、窒息及颅内合并症。听损失发生及程度与不同早产胎龄、低体重显著相关,足月小于胎龄儿也是听损失发生的相关因素。