护士感知的医院事务参与度及其与工作疲溃的关系研究

目的了解护士感知的医院事务参与度,并分析其对护士工作疲溃的影响。方法采用护士工作指数量表修订版的医院事务参与度分量表对1 133名护士感知的医院事务参与情况进行测评,同时采用Maslach的疲溃量表对护士疲溃进行测量。结果27.80%的护士认为医院事物参与度较低,44.40%的护士存在情绪耗竭。回归分析显示,护士感知医院事物参与度好能降低护士情绪耗竭、个人成就感和工作冷漠感的比数比(OR),OR值分别为0.281、0.504和0.328。结论护士感知的医院事务参与度尚可,有大量的病区护士存在工作相关的疲溃;改善护士在医院事务的参与度,可以降低护士的工作相关疲溃。     

PTSD and ADHD: underlying factors in many cases of burnout

Objective: To analyse the extent to which traumatic life events, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the neuropsychiatric disorder attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be contributors associated with burnout and the long‐term sick leave that results from it. Subjects: Sixty‐two individuals on long‐term sick leave due to stress‐related poor health and burnout, and 83 working individuals were screened for the presence of traumatic life events, PTSD and ADHD. Potential background factors involved in burnout were analysed using a multiple logistic regression. Results: Fifty‐two per cent of those on long‐term sick leave were judged to have PTSD and 24 per cent to have ADHD. The number of suspected/possible cases was even higher—71 per cent and 56 per cent, respectively. Nineteen per cent were judged to have both PTSD and ADHD; 56 per cent were judged to have PTSD and/or ADHD. PTSD, ADHD and traumatic life events in the form of sexual assault and severe human suffering were all strongly associated with both burnout and long‐term sick leave. Conclusions: Since ADHD is almost never discussed and PTSD rarely so in the occupational rehabilitation of individuals with burnout, these results should act as a warning signal. Further studies are needed, however, including clinical examinations in order to establish with certainty if PTSD and ADHD can predict burnout followed by long‐term sick leave. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

护士心理契约与工作倦怠的相关性分析

目的探讨护士心理契约与工作倦怠的相关性。方法采用整群抽样的方法对衡阳市2所综合性三级甲等医院515名临床护士进行问卷调查,了解护士心理契约和工作倦怠现状,并探讨两者间关系。结果护士心理契约中医院责任得分2.98±0.39,高于护士责任的得分(1.78±0.53),护士工作倦怠总均分为2.80±0.55,护士心理契约与工作倦怠之间呈显著正相关(P0.05,P0.01)。回归分析显示,控制人口学变量后,医院团队责任和护士团队责任可预测情绪衰竭,医院现实责任和医院团队责任可预测玩世不恭,护士团队责任、护士现实责任和护士发展责任可预测成就感低落。结论心理契约是护士工作倦怠的重要影响因素,医院管理者应根据护士心理契约中的不足之处,制订针对性干预措施,以降低护士的工作倦怠。     

Interpersonal Aggression and Burnout: The Mediating Role of Psychological Climate

Using the theoretical perspectives offered by stressor–stress–strain framework and fairness theory, the authors propose that psychological climate will mediate the positive relationship between interpersonal aggression and employee burnout. Data from a survey of 1893 hospital employees suggested that psychological climate partially mediated the relationship between interpersonal aggression and two of the three dimensions of burnout, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

护士工作偏差行为及影响因素调查

目的 了解护士的工作偏差行为现状,分析其影响因素,为针对性干预提供参考.方法 采用护理人员工作偏差行为量表、工作倦怠量表、护理工作环境量表对598名在职护士进行调查.结果 护士工作偏差行为得分为1.29±0.42,护士工作偏差行为与护理工作环境呈负相关,与工作倦怠呈正相关(均P＜0.01);多元线性回归结果显示,性别、与同事间的关系、职务和去人格化是护士工作偏差行为的独立影响因素(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 护士工作偏差行为处于较低水平.应改善护理工作环境,减少工作倦怠,以减少工作偏差行为的发生,提高护理质量.     

Burnout,stress and health of employees on non‐standard work schedules: a study of Canadian workers

This study examined the relationship between non‐standard work schedules (shift work and weekend work) and job burnout, stress and psychosomatic health problems among full‐time employed Canadians in a large metropolitan city on the east coast. Data were collected by means of a structured mail back questionnaire (N = 376). Employees involved with weekend work reported significantly higher emotional exhaustion, job stress and psychosomatic health problems than employees not involved with weekend work. Similarly, employees on non‐standard work shifts (other than fixed day shift, 9 a.m.–5 p.m.) reported significantly higher overall burnout, emotional exhaustion, job stress and health problems than employees on a fixed day shift. Results from two‐way ANOVA indicated that employees involved with weekend work and non‐fixed day shifts reported significantly higher emotional exhaustion and health problems than other employees. Implications of the findings are discussed for future researchers in light of employee well‐being and non‐standard work schedules. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

工作控制感在临床护理教师情绪智力与工作倦怠间的中介效应

目的探讨工作控制感对临床护理教师情绪智力与工作倦怠的中介作用,为降低其工作倦怠感提供新思路。方法对107名临床护理教师采用情绪智力量表、工作控制感量表、马氏工作倦怠量表进行调查。结果临床护理教师的情绪智力、工作控制感、个人成就感倦怠得分3.80±0.80、3.11±0.63、3.93±1.24,情绪智力与后两者呈正相关关系(r=0.374、0.466,均P0.01),工作控制感在情绪智力与个人成就感倦怠之间有部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的17.80%。结论情绪智力及工作控制感都是临床护理教师个人成就感倦怠的保护因素,工作控制感能促进情绪智力降低工作倦怠感。     

Role conflicts,emotional exhaustion and health problems: a study of police officers in Taiwan

This study focused on the role conflicts faced by police officers in Taiwan and investigated the relationship between role conflicts, emotional exhaustion and health problems based on the job demands and resources model (JD‐R model). Firstly, in addition to work–family conflict, an inter‐role conflict, this study identified an intrasender role conflict for police officers called uncompromising‐friendly conflict. Secondly, according to the JD‐R model, it was hypothesized that emotional exhaustion has a complete mediation effect on the relationships between role conflicts and health problems. The survey data in Huang's study were analysed. A total of 672 police officers at Kaohsiung, Taiwan provided completed data for analysis. Correlation analysis showed that role conflicts, emotional exhaustion and health problems were positively correlated. Results of the structural equation model further suggested that the positive effect of role conflicts on health problems was partially mediated by emotional exhaustion. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Developing a model of source-specific interpersonal conflict in health care

Nurses work in complex social environments, and conflict may arise with fellow coworkers, their supervisor, physicians or the patients and family they care for. Although much research has documented the negative effects of conflict on nurses, no research to date has examined the comparative effect that conflict from all four sources can have on nurses. The purpose of this study is to test a model of workplace conflict where the negative effect of conflict on nurses will be experienced via emotional exhaustion. We test the mediator model by analysing the cross-sectional data collected within one hospital (N1=182) and cross-validating those results in a second hospital (N2=161). The pattern of results was largely consistent across the two samples indicating support for a mediated model of workplace conflict for physician, supervisor and patient. Conflict with other nurses, however, did not have a relationship with either emotional exhaustion or other personal and organizational outcomes. The theoretical and practical implications of the current findings, as well as the limitations and future research directions, are discussed.     

加强企业医院科研管理,提高医务人员科研水平

航天中心医院结合医院实际,提出“建设一流的北京大学临床医学院”的宏伟发展目标,致力打造学院型医院.通过重构科研管理组织体系,明确管理职能;健全完善科研管理规章制度保障体系,科研工作有章可循;创新科研全过程管理模式,推进科研管理内涵建设;加强科研管理培训,深化科研工作内涵;坚持以人为本,培养科研骨干人才;推动科研工作上水平等一系列积极的措施,并取得显著成效.     

心理收入管理对手术室护士职业倦怠的影响

目的探讨心理收入管理对手术室护士职业倦怠的影响。方法对100名手术室护士采用成就鼓励、人文关怀、化解错误、优化排班、建立科室文化、注重科研能力培养等增加心理收入,比较实施前后护士的职业倦怠。结果干预后手术室护士情绪衰竭、消极怠慢得分显著低于干预前,职业效能感得分显著高于干预前(均P0.01)。结论心理收入管理可有效改善手术室护士的职业倦怠。     

The reliability and validity of three‐item screening measures for burnout: Evidence from group‐employed health care practitioners in upstate New York

We investigate the psychometric validity and reliability of three‐item screening measures for emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement comprising an abbreviated version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory®. Despite its utilization in multiple studies, the shortened instrument has not been sufficiently validated in diverse settings, populations, and organizational contexts. We examine its ability to assess burnout accruing from patient care practice in a rural, underserved area. Utilizing data from a cross‐sectional survey of 308 rural‐based medical professionals, we investigate how the three short‐form subscales of the nine‐item abbreviated inventory compare with their gold‐standard parent subscales from the original 22‐item human services scale in measuring corresponding dimensions of burnout. The findings provide significant evidence that the three‐item measures are valid and reliable proxies for the long‐form subscales. The short‐form measures are highly correlated with the original subscales and display high convergent and discriminant validity. Each of the abbreviated subscales manifests the kind of high sensitivity with adequate specificity that one would expect to see in a good screening instrument. We conclude that the short‐form measures can be utilized to rapidly screen human service professionals such as rural health care practitioners for symptoms of each of the three dimensions of burnout.     

基于微信的积极心理干预对护士工作倦怠及工作绩效的影响

目的探讨基于微信平台的"三件好事"积极心理干预对在职护士工作倦怠及工作绩效的影响。方法将73名存在工作倦怠症状的在职护士随机分为干预组33名和对照组40名。对照组无干预,干预组接受6个月的基于微信平台的"三件好事"积极心理干预。结果两组工作倦怠的干预效应、时间效应及交互效应具有统计学意义,两组工作奉献、任务绩效及人际促进维度的干预效应和交互效应具有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结论基于微信平台的"三件好事"积极心理干预有利于改善在职护士的工作倦怠,提升其主观感知的工作绩效。     

口腔专科医院门诊护士工作投入及影响因素调查

目的 调查口腔专科医院门诊护士工作投入现状并分析影响因素,为提高口腔门诊护士工作投入水平提供参考.方法 采用一般资料调查表、工作投入量表、护理工作环境量表对7所三级口腔专科医院的801名门诊护士进行调查.结果 口腔门诊护士工作投入总均分为(3.98±0.97)分.分层回归分析显示,在控制人口学变量后,护理工作环境可解释...     

孕妇体质量管理影响因素的质性研究

目的了解孕妇体质量管理的影响因素,探索提高孕妇体质量管理效果的干预措施。方法采用深度访谈法,收集13例孕产妇孕期体质量管理资料,应用现象学分析法进行分析。结果孕妇体质量管理的主要影响因素归纳为个人因素的影响,包括知识缺乏、生理状况和行为习惯;支持系统的影响,包括家庭支持、专业指导和环境因素。结论不断加强对孕妇的健康教育力度、充分发挥支持系统的作用、建立规范的孕期体质量管理模式将有利于提高孕妇体质量管理效果。     

Construct validation and normative data for different versions of the Shirom-Melamed burnout questionnaire/measure in a Swedish population sample

The overall aim of the present study was to examine the construct validity of different versions of the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire/Measure (SMBQ/M) suggested in previous work, as well as to provide normative data for a large population-based sample in Sweden with a broad range in age. Cross-sectional data from the Västerbotten Environmental Health Study in Sweden were used. The 3406 participants (56% women) in this study, aged 18–79 years, constituted a random sample stratified for age and sex. Participants responded to a questionnaire including the 4-factor 22-item version of the SMBM as well as background questions and a number of validated questionnaire instruments assessing for example, sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and somatic symptoms. The dimensionality of different versions of the SMBM were examined with confirmatory factor analysis. A modified 4-factor 19-item model of the SMBM provided good model-fit, and two 2-factor models (11-item and 6-item) provided excellent model fit. The relationships to relevant psychological constructs provided support for convergent validity for the suggested versions of the SMBM. Finally, normative data were obtained for a broad age group for the different versions. In conclusion, we suggest that for assessing the core of the burnout construct in terms of emotional and physical exhaustion and cognitive weariness, the SMBM-11 or SMBM-6 for repeated measures, are to be used. For a broader assessment of burnout incorporating both symptoms and information about the process of exhaustion via the subscales of listlessness and tension, we recommend the use of the modified 4-factor SMBM-19.     

基础研究在研究型医院建设中的职能探讨

目的:探讨基础医学研究所在研究型医院建设中的职能以及如何履行其职能.方法:根据我院研究型医院的建设实践,从管理的角度探讨和分析我院基础研究的发展现状及其职能.结果:基础医学研究所具有进行创新性的科学研究以及为全院科技创新和临床医疗提供技术支撑和服务两方面的职能.结论:基础医学研究所通过建立有效的基层科研管理方法、转变人员思想观念、抓好学科和人才评估、抓好人员目标管理与考核、制订科技创新服务措施来充分履行基础研究所的职能,进一步提升基础医学所队伍的整体水平,为研究型医院的建设打好基础.     

Psychometric properties of a Dutch version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI‐DV) in individuals with and without clinical burnout

Psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey, the MBI‐DV, were examined in individuals with and without clinical burnout. The factor structure, the utility of the MBI‐DV as a screening instrument in addition to a clinical interview for diagnosing clinical burnout, as well as construct validity and reliability (internal consistency) were investigated. Individuals underwent a clinical interview and completed the MBI‐DV as well as the Symptom Checklist (SCL‐90). Confirmatory factor analysis, correlational analyses, and Cronbach alphas were computed and used to examine the objectives of the present study. A three‐factor model of the MBI‐DV best fitted the data in both individuals with and without clinical burnout. The Emotional Exhaustion subscale was highly associated with clinical diagnosis of burnout even when controlling for depression and general psychopathology. Construct validity of the MBI‐DV was supported by modest correlations with the SCL‐90 and subscales of the MBI‐DV showed good internal consistency in individuals with and without clinical burnout. The MBI‐DV is a valid and reliable multidimensional construct of which the Emotional Exhaustion subscale may be particularly useful as a screening tool in addition to a clinical interview for determining the presence of clinical burnout. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.