Prevalence of burnout among anesthesiologists at Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena de Sevilla

Burnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lowered sense of professional accomplishment, is a consequence of chronic stress. Few studies have been published on burnout in anesthesiology even though this specialty is considered particularly stressful. We surveyed members of the department of anesthesiology and postoperative care in our hospital, using an anonymous questionnaire including items on social and personal characteristics and the Spanish language version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Forty-valid questionnaires were returned, for a response rate of 69.4%. Mean (SD) scores were 19.5 (9.5) points for emotional exhaustion, 7.4 (5.5) for depersonalization, and 32.5 (9.1) for professional accomplishment. We detected high levels of emotional exhaustion in 19.5% of the anesthesiologists and of depersonalization in 31.7%. Scores reflecting low levels of sense of personal accomplishment were recorded for 41.4%. Scores for concern on at least 1 subscale were noted for 58.3% of the anesthesiologists, on 2 subscales for 21.8%, and on 3 subscales for 12.1%. No significant differences were detected in relation to gender, age, stage in professional life, or employment status. Burnout levels in our department are similar to those reported for anesthesiologists in other countries and detectably lower than those of other specialties in Spain.     

A Longitudinal Analysis of Burnout in Middle and High School Korean Teachers

This study examines longitudinal relationships among three burnout dimensions in middle and high school teachers. For this study, 419 middle and high school teachers participated in a panel survey, which was conducted in three waves. Using Amos 7.0, we performed autoregressive cross‐lagged modeling to obtain a complete picture of the longitudinal relationships among the three factors of the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Educator Survey. Results indicated that the paths from emotional exhaustion at Time1 and Time2 to depersonalization at Time2 and Time3 were statistically significant. In addition, the paths from personal accomplishment at Time1 and Time2 to depersonalization at Time2 and Time3 were also statistically significant. Empirically identifying the process by which burnout occurs could help practitioners and policy makers to design burnout prevention strategies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Educators Survey among elementary and secondary school teachers in Cyprus

Burnout is described as a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment that can occur among individuals who work with other people in some capacity. The present research examines the psychometric properties and factor structure of Maslach, Jackson and Leiter's (1996) educators' burnout measure, the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Educators Survey (MBI‐ES), in a sample of 771 Greek Cypriot teachers. Results, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic techniques, support the three factor structure of the construct which was tested against alternative models. Other psychometric qualities are also very satisfactory. Findings are compared to the published normative data for the MBI. Female teachers appear more emotionally exhausted than their male counterparts. Primary school teachers scored higher on emotional exhaustion, but depersonalization was higher among secondary school teachers. Overall, the results suggest that the Greek MBI represents a valid and reliable adaptation of the instrument, which can be confidently used to measure burnout. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Bifactor Model of the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey (MBI‐HSS)—An Alternative Measurement Model of Burnout

The purpose of the present study was to examine the construct validity of the Hungarian language version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey (MBI‐HSS). A sample of 653 healthcare professionals (420 physicians and 233 nurses and nursing assistants) completed the MBI‐HSS. A series of confirmatory factor analyses showed that a hierarchical bifactor model including a global burnout factor and three specific factors of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment had the closest fit to the data, compared with an alternative second‐order three‐factor hierarchical model as well as to non‐hierarchical one‐factor, two‐factor, three‐factor, four‐factor and five‐factor models. However, only the global burnout factor and the specific personal accomplishment factor explained a considerable unique proportion of variance in observed scores. Our study confirms the validity of the MBI‐HSS and suggests an alternative structural model, which may contribute to further understanding of the burnout construct. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Burnout levels of hemodialysis nurses

Background: Previous studies have found significant stressors experienced by nurses working in hemodialysis units. The purpose of this study was to determine the burnout levels of hemodialysis nurses working in hemodialysis units and their relation with some sociodemographic variables. Methods: The study was conducted between July 2012 and Sept 2012 in hemodialysis units of four hospitals, including one university, one public and two private hospitals, in the province of Erzurum. The population of the study consisted of 32 nurses rendering service in hemodialysis units of the related hospitals. Information forms, which were prepared by researchers in accordance with the literature, and aimed at determining the personal characteristics of nurses and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used for the data collection. Results: Examining mean scores obtained by nurses from the Maslach Burnout Inventory, it is observed that they scored 17.07?±?8.29 from subscale of emotional exhaustion, 5.89?±?4.13 from subscale of depersonalization and 20.64?±?4.10 from subscale of personal accomplishment. Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that nurses working in hemodialysis units experience a medium-level burnout in terms of subscales of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a high-level burnout in terms of the subscale of personal accomplishment.     

Short communication: Occupational stress and burnout among South African medical practitioners

The aim of this study was to identify job stress and burnout symptoms among randomly selected South African medical practitioners from a national survey. The sample included 402 doctors, 59.5 per cent male and 40.5 per cent female. The majority were Whites (59.3 per cent), followed by African Black (21.3 per cent), and Asians (14 per cent). Results showed that the overall job stress index indicated with 4.9, high job stress levels among the doctors. High severity job stress ratings included (1) fellow workers not doing their job, (2) inadequate salary and (3) covering work for another employee and high frequency of job stress, (4) working overtime, making critical on‐the‐spot decisions and dealing with crisis situations. Female doctors felt significantly more lack of support on job stress severity than male doctors. High levels of burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) were found among doctors. Job stress predicted emotional exhaustion and depersonalization but not personal accomplishment. Emotional exhaustion was associated with female doctors and personal accomplishment was significantly related to male doctors. White doctors reported more job stress and also burnout symptoms than doctors with colour. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of the 80-hour workweek on resident burnout

HYPOTHESIS: With the introduction of the newly mandated restrictions on resident work hours, we expected improvement in subjective feelings of personal accomplishment and lessened emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. DESIGN: Residents and faculty members completed an anonymous online Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (3rd ed; Consulting Psychologist Press Inc, Palo Alto, Calif) and work-hour registry before and after implementation of new restrictions. SETTING: Urban, university-based department of surgery. PARTICIPANTS: All house staff (n = 37) and faculty (n = 27). INTERVENTION: Introduction of new Institutional Standards for Resident Duty Hours 2003.Main Outcome Measure Resident work hours and levels of emotional exhaustion, perceived degree of depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. RESULTS: Resident work hours per week decreased from 100.7 to 82.6 (P < .05) with introduction of the new schedule. Home call and formal educational activity time within working hours (eg, clinical conferences) significantly (P < .05) decreased from 11.5 and 4.8 hours to 4.6 and 2.5 hours per week, respectively. Operating room hours, clinic time, and duration of rounds did not show a significant change. Changes in parameters of resident and faculty emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment did not show statistical significance (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Despite successful reductions in resident work hours, measures of burnout were not significantly affected. However, important clinical activities such as time spent in the operating room, clinic, and making rounds were maintained. Formal in-hospital education time was reduced.     

Burnout and depressive symptoms in teachers: Factor structure and construct validity of the Maslach Burnout inventory‐educators survey among elementary and secondary school teachers in Hungary

This study validated the Hungarian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Educators Survey on a sample of n = 211 elementary and secondary teachers. To test factorial validity, we ran a series of confirmatory analysis with eight models. The best fitting model was the bifactor model with general burnout and three specific factors: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Analyzing the covariates revealed that gender and age were not associated with burnout, but depressive symptoms and overcommitment had a significant relationship with general burnout, and overcommitment was related to emotional exhaustion as well.     

Burnout and Resilience Among Transplant Nurses in 22 Hospitals in China

Background

In this study we assessed burnout and resilience levels among transplant nurses to analyze the relationship between these 2 variables, and to address whether demographic factors were associated with burnout.

护士感知的医院事务参与度及其与工作疲溃的关系研究

目的了解护士感知的医院事务参与度,并分析其对护士工作疲溃的影响。方法采用护士工作指数量表修订版的医院事务参与度分量表对1 133名护士感知的医院事务参与情况进行测评,同时采用Maslach的疲溃量表对护士疲溃进行测量。结果27.80%的护士认为医院事物参与度较低,44.40%的护士存在情绪耗竭。回归分析显示,护士感知医院事物参与度好能降低护士情绪耗竭、个人成就感和工作冷漠感的比数比(OR),OR值分别为0.281、0.504和0.328。结论护士感知的医院事务参与度尚可,有大量的病区护士存在工作相关的疲溃;改善护士在医院事务的参与度,可以降低护士的工作相关疲溃。     

Chronic Work Stress and Depressive Symptoms: Assessing the Mediating Role of Teacher Burnout

A conceptual model of the relationship between stress, the mediating role of burnout, and depressive symptoms was examined. Results indicated that teachers (n = 267) experiencing greater stress were more burned out. The subscale emotional exhaustion was moderately related to depressive symptoms, whereas depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment had small positive relationships. After controlling for burnout and demographics, the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms was small but significant. Emotional exhaustion mediated the association between stress and depressive symptoms. The total effect of stress on depressive symptoms, taking together the direct and indirect effects via burnout, accounted for 43% of the total variance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Burnout and self‐employment: a cross‐cultural empirical study

This study examined the differences between full‐time self‐employed and organizationally employed individuals in Canada (n = 248) and Pakistan (n = 306) in terms of overall burnout and its three dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of accomplishment), turnover intentions and non‐work satisfaction. Data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire from Canadian employees in Montreal and Pakistani employees in Lahore. One‐way analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance were used to analyse the data. The self‐employed reported significantly higher overall burnout, emotional exhaustion, lack of accomplishment, non‐work satisfaction and turnover intention than the organizationally employed in both countries. No significant differences were found between self‐employed and organizationally employed in terms of depersonalization in both countries. Results are discussed in light of previous empirical evidence on self‐employment and the quality of work and non‐work life from cross‐cultural perspectives. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Avoiding burnout in an orthopaedic trauma practice

SUMMARY:: Burnout is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and decreased sense of personal accomplishment, and burnout has been very tightly linked with career dissatisfaction and other associated negative personal and professional consequences. Recently published studies indicate that among surgeons and surgical specialists, burnout is common, and that at least in some groups of surgeons, it has significant negative consequences for their practice and career. It is concerning that studies have found younger surgeons were at greater risk for burnout. There is no data on rates of, or risk for, burnout specifically for orthopaedic trauma surgeons. However, there are several reasons to expect the risk may be significant, including demanding call schedules and difficult to control work schedules. There are some common-sense guidelines to minimize the chances of burnout in the early stages of an orthopaedic trauma career. One of the most important is to set up a work schedule that allows personal pursuits, including time with significant other and family away from work. Achieving and maintaining a balance between work and home will optimize the chances of achieving the tremendous satisfaction possible in an orthopaedic trauma career and minimize the chances of burnout.     

A national study of burnout among American transplant surgeons

This study examines burnout in a national sample of transplant surgeons. Data analyses were conducted on a sample of 209 actively practicing transplant surgeons. Measures included the Maslach Burnout Inventory, a demographic survey, and the Surgeon Coping Inventory. Burnout was reflected in 38% of surgeons scoring high on the Emotional Exhaustion dimension, whereas 27% showed high levels of Depersonalization, and 16% had low levels of Personal Accomplishment. Several significant predictors of emotional exhaustion were identified and included questioning one's career choice, giving up activities, and perceiving oneself as having limited control over the delivery of medical services (R2= 0.43). Those who perceived themselves as having a higher ability to control delivery of medical services and who felt more appreciated by patients had lower levels of depersonalization and were less likely to question their career choice (R2= 0.16). Surgeons with high personal accomplishment experienced greater professional growth opportunities, perceived their institution as supportive, felt more appreciated by patients, and were less likely to question their career (R2= 0.24). The prioritization of goals to reflect both professional and personal values accounted for a significant amount of the variance in predicting both emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment in separate regression equations. Recommendations to decrease burnout would include greater institutional support, increased opportunities for professional growth, and greater surgeon control over important services to facilitate efficient work. Coping strategies to moderate stress and burnout are also beneficial and should include prioritizing goals to reflect both professional and personal values.     

Burnout in mental health nurses: much ado about nothing?

The syndrome of burnout has been the focus of much research in the caring professions. Maslach and Jackson operationally defined the syndrome as comprising high levels of emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization and a reduced sense of personal accomplishment. They argued that the syndrome could be reliably measured using the 22‐item Maslach Burnout Inventory. The present authors gave this scale to 648 ward‐based mental health nurses along with a range of other standardized scales. The total sample was then divided into a high burnout group (high scores on all three subscales, N=37 or 5.7 percent) and a low burnout group (low scores on all subscales, N=66 or 10.2 percent). The findings show that burnout is a much less significant problem for mental health nurses than other researchers have indicated. There was, however, clear evidence for the construct validity of the burnout concept. Future directions for burnout research with mental health nurses are outlined. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Burnout in health care providers of dialysis service in Northern Italy--a multicentre study.

BACKGROUND: Few data are available regarding the prevalence of burnout among dialysis health care workers. Aims of the present study were to assess and compare burnout levels in a sample of nurses and physicians working in dialysis units, and to investigate their relationships with quality of life, in a cross-sectional observational study. METHODS: A total of 344 workers from 10 dialysis centres in Northern Italy completed a battery of questionnaires including the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the MOS-36 Item Short Form Health Survey [SF36: physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component scores] and the 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ30). Data on social and demographic characteristics and working conditions were also collected. General Estimating Equations models were used for the analysis. RESULTS: Overall, burnout scores were lower than the Italian normative sample, with no significant differences between physicians and nurses. However, 30% of nurses had high emotional exhaustion vs 18% of physicians (adjusted OR 2.38, P = 0.003). Emotional exhaustion was also predicted by number of worked hours and months worked in dialysis in the previous 2 years. Depersonalisation was predicted by male gender and bad relationship with coworkers. Having no children and having a permanent hospital position predicted low personal accomplishment. PCS was lower in nurses (50.0 vs 53.3, P < 0.001), while no significant difference was found for MCS and GHQ30. Lower PCS was associated with emotional exhaustion (P = 0.007) and GHQ30 > 5 with depersonalization (P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: Although burnout is not a general problem in dialysis health care providers, a subgroup of them may be identified, who would benefit from supportive measures to prevent this condition. Nurses appeared more burned-out in the emotional exhaustion scale than physicians.     

Burnout among Plastic Surgery Residents in India: An Observational Study

Introduction  Burnout syndrome can be defined as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and perceived lack of personal accomplishment, all of which lead to decreased effectiveness at work. The Medscape burnout and depression report of 2018 suggests that the burnout range across various specialties ranges from 23 to 48%. There are no studies to assess the burnout among plastic surgery residents in India. This study is an attempt to assess the same. Materials and Methods  An online survey was conducted in March and April 2019 for plastic surgery residents across India. Various parameters including those related to gender, year of the curriculum, hobbies, exercise, and marital status were assessed. There were multiple sections in the survey, which included the demographic details, stress-related variables, and the abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory. The abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory is a validated scale that has been used to assess the burnout among plastic surgery residents in India. The three subscales, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment were measured on a Likert scale. Univariable and multivariable analysis of factors associated with burnout was performed. Results  Of the 185 respondents, 48.4% experienced moderate-to-high burnout. Of these, 25% ( n = 46) were above the 75th centile of the overall burnout score, indicating severe burnout. Insufficient faculty involvement, insufficient time allotted for formalized teaching, conflict with colleagues, and lack of adequate support staff correlated with resident burnout on multivariate analysis. Residents who pursued their hobbies or performed physical activities for exercise had significantly lesser burnout. Conclusion  The incidence of burnout in plastic surgery residents surveyed in our study was 48.4%. The faculty of the departments and the residents themselves, as well as the governing bodies, all have a role to play to address the issue of burnout among residents. Dedicated and persistent efforts toward improving physical and psychological well-being of plastic surgery residents will positively impact not only the well-being of the residents but also the quality of patient care.     

A test of carver and scheier's self-control model of stress in exploring burnout among mental health nurses

A sample of Australian psychiatric nurses completed a questionnaire which included operational measures of elements of Carver and Scheier's self-control model of stress including the frequency dimension of the subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory — emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished accomplishment. Other scales completed by participants included independent subscales contained in the Positive and Negative Affectivity Scale and the private and public self-focus and social anxiety subscales of the Self-Consciousness Scale (Revised). Two interpretable canonical variates labelled emotional exhaustion–depersonalization and diminished accomplishment were derived from analysis of the date. Each element of the self-control model showed an expected contribution to an emotional exhaustion–depersonalization canonical variate, whereas reported levels of only positive affectivity and private self-focus made a notable contribution to explanation of variance on the diminished accomplishment canonical variate.     

Validation of a single‐item measure of burnout against the Maslach Burnout Inventory among physicians

The measurement of burnout among physicians is important because physician well‐being has the potential to affect workforce stability and quality of care. In this study, a single‐item measure of burnout was validated against the sub‐scales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment). Survey items included the 22‐item Maslach Burnout Inventory, a single‐item measure of burnout, and other questions regarding demographics, practice characteristics, and occupational satisfaction. The surveys were mailed to Texas Tech University School of Medicine Alumni classes of 1980–1989. The response rate was 43 per cent (n = 307). Pearson correlation coefficients and ANOVA were used to determine the association between the Maslach Burnout Inventory scores and the single‐item burnout question. The single‐item was correlated at r = 0.64 (p < 0.0001) with emotional exhaustion and the ANOVA yielded an R² of 0.5 (p < 0.0001). Hence, in surveys of physicians where emotional exhaustion is the primary sub‐scale of interest, a single‐item measure of burnout may be used as an alternative to the Maslach Burnout Inventory in order to abbreviate survey material and potentially increase response rates among physicians. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Introducing new technology into the operating room: measuring the impact on job performance and satisfaction

BACKGROUND: The Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Operating Room of the Future (ORF) project is a test site for evaluating new surgical technologies and processes. Here we evaluate the effect on staff satisfaction and burnout of introducing a set of new technologies. METHODS: Staff satisfaction and burnout were measured via sequential surveys based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory during the introduction of a new technology system. Functional behavior of the OR was measured in terms of flow time (time to transit the OR) and wait time (time to access the OR). These data were gathered using time-motion analysis methods. RESULTS: Significant functional improvements were found in the ORF (more than 35% reduction in flow time and wait time, P < .05). During the same period, more exposure to the ORF resulted in greater sense of personal accomplishment among surgeons, a worse sense of personal accomplishment among nurses, more emotional exhaustion among surgeons, and less emotional exhaustion among nurses. However, the responses for emotional exhaustion were reversed the greater the time from exposure to the ORF. Staff with 6 to 10 years' experience were at highest risk for burnout across all categories. General surgeons experienced more emotional exhaustion than other physicians. CONCLUSIONS: Tracking the response of all users and identifying groups at high risk for burnout when exposed to new systems should be a central part of any new technology project.