Selective arterial embolization in the treatment of aneurysmal bone cyst and angioma of bone

Nineteen aneurysmal bone cysts and five angiomas of bone were treated by selective arterial embolization. The median follow-up was 22 months. In 17 patients healing occurred with complete relief of symptoms; in 11 of these almost complete ossification of the lesion resulted. In the remaining cases, little or no ossification was apparent but ossification may take 1 year or more to occur. No recurrence was observed in any of these cases. Recurrence occurred only in two cases. In one, growth of the recurrence stopped after a second embolization, and the X-rays showed no change. Selective arterial embolization represents a treatment of choice in aneurysmal bone cyst and angioma of bone especially of the spine, sacrum, or pelvis. In these sites embolization replaces surgery which might be hazardous due to intraoperative bleeding.Supported in part with Rizzoli Research Funds     

Regression of aneurysmal bone cyst following open biopsy

Aneurysmal bone cysts are well described but relatively rare bone lesions. Histological diagnosis is usually obtained before definitive treatment. We report a patient with aneurysmal bone cyst regression after excisional biopsy and prior to preoperative embolization. This was also a patient with the William syndrome. This has not previously been reported, nor is there any known association between aneurysmal bone cyst and the William syndrome.     

骶髂骨肿瘤切除术前介入栓塞价值

目的 评估骶、髂骨肿瘤术前经导管超选择性动脉栓塞的价值和作用.方法对15 例骶、髂骨肿瘤用明胶海绵颗粒行超选择性动脉栓塞,栓塞后1～3 d行手术切除.疾病包括:骨巨细胞瘤5 例、动脉瘤样骨囊肿2例、转移瘤2 例、软骨肉瘤4例、脊索瘤3例.结果本组15 例栓塞后造影均显示肿瘤染色范围均较术前减少80 %以上.术中失血500～2600 ml 之间,平均为1100 ml .所有肿瘤均被顺利切除.结论 骶、髂骨肿瘤手术治疗前超选择性动脉栓塞能安全有效地减少术中出血, 提高肿瘤手术治疗效果并降低手术的风险.     

Biopsy proven eradication of an aneurysmal bone cyst treated by superselective embolization: A case report

A large aneurysmal bone cyst of the upper tibia in a 17-year-old patient was treated by superselective embolization with excellent clinical and radiological results. Extensive curettage and detailed pathologic analysis performed 2 years following embolization revealed only healing bone. The presented case and reviewed cases in the literature indicate that embolization is a promising method for definitive therapy of the aneurysmal bone cyst.     

Aneurysmal bone cysts treated by superselective embolization

A series of 7 cases of aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC), all but 1 located in the pelvic bones, which were treated by transcatheter embolization is presented. Five embolizations were performed for primary treatment, while in 2 patients they were performed preoperatively. In all patients a definite histological diagnosis was established by open biopsy, and plain radiographs as well as computerized tomography (CT) were applied for evaluation of the results. The embolizing materials were tissue adhesive for permanent, and Gelfoam for preoperative vessel occlusions. Of 5 lesions treated for the purpose of definitive embolization, 3 (all located in the superior pubic ramus) showed complete ossification; in one, partial remineralization and progression occurred. In a further patient with a secondary ABC, partial reconstitution was recorded. Both preoperative embolizations resulted in successful en bloc resection with minimal blood loss. Transcatheter embolization is the treatment of choice for the highly vascular ABC in unfavorable anatomical locations.     

脊椎动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像表现及术前栓塞对减少术中失血的意义

目的 探讨脊椎动脉瘤样骨囊肿(ABC)的影像学特点及术前栓塞对减少术中失血的意义.方法 分析了6例经手术病理证实的原发性脊椎ABC的影像学表现,对其中4例进行了术前选择性动脉造影、栓塞,所用栓塞物为明胶海绵.结果 本组6例脊椎ABC均侵犯椎弓、棘突、横突和椎体后或侧缘,病变凸入椎管,造成硬膜囊和脊髓受压、移位.4例栓塞后血管造影显示染色均较栓塞前减少75%,术中失血700～1500 ml,平均1000 ml.较未经术前栓塞者平均3000 ml术中失血明显减少.结论 对动脉瘤样骨囊肿术前动脉栓塞能够有效地减少术中出血,提高手术治疗的成功率,是一种有价值的术前辅助性治疗方法.     

Therapeutic embolization of aneurysmal bone cyst

Results of therapeutic embolization of aneurysmal bone cysts in five patients are described. Transcatheter arterial embolization was performed with Ivalon and Gelfoam particles and Gianturco coils. The postembolization period was characterized by complete relief of pain and decrease in size of the aneurysmal bone cyst in all patients. In patients whose follow-up was longer than 12 months, sclerosis and recalcification of bone were present. There were no complications.     

Selective arterial embolization of 36 aneurysmal bone cysts of the skeleton with N-2-butyl cyanoacrylate

Background

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a lytic benign bone lesion representing about 1% of all primary bone tumors. The lesion causes pain and swelling, which are generally present for less than 3 months.

Methods

From April 2003 to April 2008 36 patients affected by aneurysmal bone cysts were treated by selective arterial embolization with N-2-butyl cyanoacrylate. The study population comprised 20 male and 16 female patients with an age range of 3.3–60.8 years. Nine lesions were localized in the appendicular skeleton (1 in the upper and 8 in the lower limb), 4 in the thoracic cage (1 rib lesion and 3 scapular lesions), 17 in the pelvis and 6 in the spine (1 thoracic and 5 sacral localizations).

Results

A total of 55 embolizations were performed: in 22 cases (61%) only one embolization was needed, whilst two embolizations were necessary in 9 cases (25%) and 3 in the remaining 5 patients (14%). The treatment was effective in 32 patients (94% ): follow-up was 0.9–5 years. In one patient, previously surgically treated, only the cyanoacrylate embolization turned out to be useful for healing the lesion. Another 7 patients underwent surgery during the study period. In the 55 procedures we performed we had 3 complications (5%): 2 cases of skin necrosis and 1 of transient paresis.

Conclusions

Arterial embolization with cyanoacrylate may be the treatment of choice for aneurysmal bone cysts. Embolization is a less invasive, lower cost, simpler procedure than surgery and is easily repeatable.     

Percutaneous Ethibloc injection in aneurysmal bone cysts

Objective. To investigate whether the injection of Ethibloc into aneurysmal bone cysts can be an effective treatment modality. Design and patients.Ethibloc is an alcoholic solution of zein (corn protein) which has thrombogenic and fibrogenic properties. Ten patients with aneurysmal bone cysts were treated with CT-guided percutaneous injection of Ethibloc into the cyst cavity. Ethibloc injection was the primary treatment in five patients. Four patients had recurrence following previous curettage and bone grafting and one patient had not responded to injection into the lesion of autologous iliac crest bone marrow aspirate. Three patients needed a second injection. The median follow-up was 27 (6–60) months. Results and conclusion.Symptoms were relieved in all patients. At imaging, seven patients had resolution of the lesion and three had partial response at the most recent follow-up. Complications consisted of a local transitory inflammatory reaction in two patients and an aseptic abscess in one patient. This relatively simple, minimally invasive procedure makes an operation unnecessary by stopping the expansion of the cyst and inducing endosteal new bone formation. This technique may be used as the primary management of aneurysmal bone cysts excluding spinal lesions. Received: 19 July 1999 Revision requested: 20 September 1999 Revision received: 9 November 1999 Accepted: 6 December 1999     

Intra-osseous pseudoaneurysm following curettage of an aneurysmal bone cyst

BACKGROUND: Pseudoaneurysms secondary to bone tumours are rare and most of the reported cases are related to osteochondromas, either due to direct pressure or following surgery. Aneurysmal bone cysts are relatively common bony lesions usually treated by curettage. DISCUSSION: We describe an unusual case of pseudoaneurysm of the anterior tibial artery complicating curettage of an aneurysmal bone cyst which presented as a rapidly enlarging mass clinically thought to be rapid recurrence of the tumour. This was successfully treated by embolisation.     

Juxtaepiphyseal aneurysmal bone cyst

Nine cases of aneurysmal bone cyst arising in juxtaepiphyseal locations with gross invasion of the adjacent growth plate are reported. In five of these patients an abnormality of growth, due to premature fusion of the affected growth plate, ultimately developed. Treatment of these lesions should attempt to avoid this complication, which appears to be more common than has been appeaciated in the past. These nine cases represent 23% of 39 cases of aneurysmal bone cyst occurring in a long bone adjacent to an open epiphyseal plate. This series was extrapolated from a total of 198 cases of aneurysmal bone cyst in the files of the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.     

Diagnostic-therapeutic procedure in benign bone tumors

The indications of surgical treatment of benigne bone tumours are strongly related to the clinical behaviour, the patient's complaints and the activity in Tc-bone scan. Some lesions – like the nonossifying fibroma – that can safely be diagnosed by conventional x-rays may not be treated surgically – as long as the patients are free of pain, and there is no risk of pathologic fracture. In case of clinically relevant lesions, activity in Tc-bone scan, or a risk of fracture, biopsy and curettage combined with autologous or homologous bone grafting is indicated. Some aggressive tumors, like the giant cell tumor, have to be treated more aggressively by curettage with adjuvant measures (Phenole) or by marginal excision.     

刮宫后子宫动脉出血的急诊介入性诊断及治疗

目的　探讨刮宫后子宫动脉出血的介入性诊断及治疗的可行性。方法　选择刮宫后子宫动脉出血急诊病人为研究对象 ;采用Seldinger法经股动脉穿刺插管 ,导管超选双侧子宫动脉造影 ,显示出血部位后 ,行子宫动脉栓塞术。结果　 3例病人经DSA明确诊断 ,并在DSA下行子宫动脉栓塞术 ,术后复查造影及临床观察无出血再发生 ,未出现严重并发症。结论　子宫动脉的DSA造影和DSA下介入栓塞子宫动脉是诊断及治疗刮宫后子宫动脉出血急诊行之有效的方法。     

Preoperative embolization of primary spinal aneurysmal bone cysts by direct percutaneous intralesional injection of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are highly vascular lesions often referred for preoperative transarterial embolization. However, accessible arterial pedicles do not always exist. Two cases are presented of pediatric patients with spinal ABCs in which preoperative embolization was performed by percutaneous injection of up to 31 mL of liquid embolic agent (1:7 ratio, n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate [n-BCA] to ethiodized oil). Total estimated surgical blood loss was 1,000 mL in one case and 3,650 mL in the other case, which occurred during the extensive anterior and posterior approaches required to remove the massive ABCs. Direct percutaneous injection of n-BCA is a technically simple and efficient adjunct to surgical resection with the aim to reduce intraoperative blood loss.     

Preoperative embolization of primary bone tumors:A case control study

AIM:To study the safety and effectiveness of preoperative embolization of primary bone tumors in relation to intraoperative blood loss,intraoperative blood transfusion volume and surgical time.METHODS:Thirty-three patients underwent preoperative embolization of primary tumors of extremities,hip or vertebrae before resection and stabilization.The primary osseous tumors included giant cell tumors,aneurysmal bone cyst,osteoblastoma,chondroblastoma and chondrosarcoma.Twenty-six patients were included for the statistical analysis(embolization group)as they were operated within 0-48 h within preoperative embolization.A control group(non-embolization group,n = 28)with bone tumor having similar histological diagnosis and operated without embolization was retrieved from hospital record for statistical comparison.RESULTS:The mean intraoperative blood loss was 1300 mL(250-2900 mL),the mean intraoperative blood transfusion was 700 m L(0-1400 m L)and the mean surgical time was 221 ± 76.7 min for embolization group(group Ⅰ,n = 26).Non-embolization group(group Ⅱ,n = 28),the mean intraoperative blood loss was 1800 m L(800-6000 m L),the mean intraoperative blood transfusion was 1400 mL(700-8400 mL)and the meansurgical time was 250 ± 69.7 min.On comparison,statistically significant(P < 0.001)difference was found between embolisation group and non-embolisation group for the amount of blood loss and requirement of blood transfusion.There was no statistical difference between the two groups for the surgical time.No patients developed any angiography or embolization related complications.CONCLUSION:Preoperative embolization of bone tumors is a safe and effective adjunct to the surgical management of primary bone tumors that leads to reduction in intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion volume.     

髂内动脉输注和栓塞对盆腔肿瘤诊治的价值

目的:通过分析髂内动脉造影和栓塞治疗效果,结合CT、腔镜及术后病检结果,初步评估髂内动脉输注和栓塞治疗盆腔肿瘤的价值。方法:12例盆腔肿瘤患者,行双侧髂内动脉造影、输注后,作单侧或双侧供血血管的超选择插管栓塞,重点观察其血管造影表现和栓后临床症状的改善情况、CT扫描变化及术后病理检查结果,评估其疗效。结果:9例富血管肿瘤(6例膀胱癌、2例宫颈癌及1例子宫内膜癌)显示有典型的血管增多、增粗、不规则且有显著的肿瘤染色而得以诊断,而后行栓塞治疗,6例栓后手术病理发现瘤体不同程度的坏死,3例未行手术的患者,B超、CT发现瘤体明显缩小,血尿或阴道出血停止并维持达二月。3例少血管肿瘤(膀胱癌),没有明显的血供异常,仅行化疗并在1周内手术。结论:髂内动脉化疗输注和栓塞对盆腔肿瘤有较好的治疗价值。     

骨盆转移瘤血管内介入治疗的探讨

目的：通过１６例骨盆转移瘤３１人次的髂内、外动脉和／或 动脉灌注化疗和栓塞治疗,探讨血管内介入对骨盆的治疗效果。材料与方法：一侧股动脉穿刺插管、髂内、外动不／或股动脉造影,明确骨盆转移存在及其供血一,先行动脉内灌注中,继以真丝微粒和／或明胶海绵碎屑行供血动栓塞。栓后即造观察栓程度。治疗后临床上密切观察症状改变,２－３个月后造影复查,再行动脉内化疗,必要时再行栓塞。结果：本组１６例共行３１人次治疗。     

Embolotherapy with detachable silicone balloons: technique and clinical results.

Catheter techniques and early clinical results of therapeutic embolization with detachable silicone rubber balloons are described in 13 patients. Effective control of post-traumatic or spontaneously occurring hemorrhage or preoperative devascularization of neoplasms was achieved in 10 patients. Three additional patients, one each with pelvic arteriovenous malformation. pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, and hemangioendothelioma of the liver, were partially treated by balloon occulsion. Therapeutic embolization with detachable silicone balloons provides a method of long-term, extremely selective arterial occlusion with reduced risks from inadvertent embolization of neighboring circulations.     

Percutaneous transcatheter arterial embolization of bone and soft tissue tumors

Arterial embolization was performed in 36 patients with tumors of bone and soft tissue. Embolization was the only treatment in seven patients with benign lesions. Fourteen patients underwent embolization before surgery to obtain hemostasis and/or reduce tumor size. Fifteen patients with inoperable primary bone tumors or skeletal metastases underwent palliative embolization. The best results were obtained in aneurysmal bone cysts.Supported in part by the Italian National Research Council, Special Project Oncology, grant no. 87.02810.44, and funds from Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli     

De novo malignant transformation of giant cell tumor of bone

Two cases of malignant lesions are reported, both of which arose secondary to an originally benign giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone. The first case was a typical benign GCT, which occurred in the left proximal tibia of a 31-year-old woman. The tumor was treated by curettage and bone grafting. However, it recurred twice during 15 years of follow-up. The second recurrence showed that the lesion histologically had turned into malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The second case also started as an initially benign GCT that arose in the left distal femur of a 41-year-old man. The patient underwent curettage and bone grafting. The lesion recurred 13 years postoperatively. The histological appearance of the recurrent tumor showed it to be an osteogenic sarcoma. In both patients, radiation had never been given. Malignant transformation has rarely been reported in patients with GCT of bone who have not received radiation treatment. Received: 12 June 2000 Revision requested: 17 August 2000 Revision received: 13 October 2000 Accepted: 18 October 2000