琥珀酸索非那新的合成

苯乙胺依次经酰化、Bischler-Napieralski环合、硼氢化钠还原及拆分制得(S)-1-苯基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉(6),再依次与氯甲酸乙酯缩合,(R)-3-奎宁环醇发生酯交换反应,最后成盐制得膀胱过动症治疗药琥珀酸索非那新,总收率约21％.     

6-乙酰氨基-1,2,3,4-四氢-1-萘酮的合成

目的:合成中间体6-乙酰氨基-1,2,3,4-四氢-1-萘酮.方法:以苯甲酰基丙酸为原料,经过硝化、硝基还原、酰化、羰基还原、环合得到6-乙酰氨基-1,2,3,4-四氢-1-萘酮.结果与结论:只需经过5步反应就可以合成目标化合物,总收率14.7%.     

盐酸瑞伐拉赞的合成

对氟苯胺与氨基氰反应得到的N-（4-氟苯基）胍碳酸盐,经脱酸、与α-甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯闭环和氯代反应制得关键中间体4-氯-2-（4-氟苯胺基）-5,6-二甲基嘧啶（4）。另用苯乙胺与乙酰氯经酰胺化后闭环和还原反应制得1-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉（7）。4和7经缩合、成盐得到抗溃疡药盐酸瑞伐拉赞,总收率约60%（以对氟苯胺计）。     

(±)-瑞枯灵的合成

4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯乙胺和3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯乙酸经缩合、O-苄基保护得到2-(3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-N-[2-(4-苄氧基-3-甲氧基苯基)乙基]乙酰胺,在POCl3作用下进行Bischler-Napieralski环合反应后,不经分离纯化直接与氯甲酸甲酯进行N-酰化得到7-苄氧基-1-(3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基苯亚甲基)-6-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-羧酸甲酯,再经Pd-C氢化脱苄基和用四氢铝锂还原得到(±)-瑞枯灵,总收率23%.     

他米巴罗汀的合成工艺改进

目的改进他米巴罗汀的合成工艺。方法以2,5-二甲基-2,5-己二醇为起始原料经氯代后与乙酰苯胺进行Friedel-Crafts环合反应制得1,2,3,4-四氢-1,1,4,4-四甲基-6-乙酰氨基萘,再经脱乙酰基、酰化、水解共5步反应合成了抗白血病药物他米巴罗汀。结果优化后的工艺成本低、后处理容易、产物纯度高（纯度〉99.7%,单个杂质〈0.1%）、收率高。结论新工艺的总收率达到26.6%,且适合工业化生产。目标产物结构经1H-NMR,ESI-MS和元素分析确证。     

4-甲基-2-正丙基-6-甲氧羰基苯并咪唑的合成

目的：合成抗高血压药替米沙坦的重要中间体4-甲基-2-正丙基-6-甲氧羰基苯并咪唑.方法：以3-甲基-4-氨基苯甲酸甲酯为原料,经酰化、硝化、还原、环合4步反应制得目标化合物.结果：文献报道的相应各步反应条件得以优化,产率由39.6%提高到62.54%.结论：本方法简化了操作步骤,优化了反应条件,降低了成本,提高了收率.     

7,8-二甲氧基-3-(3-碘丙基)-1,3-二氢-2H-3-苯并氮杂革-2-酮的制备

目的合成抗心绞痛的新药伊伐布雷定的关键中间体7,8-二甲氧基-3-(3-碘丙基)-1,3-二氢-2H-3-苯并氮杂--2-酮。方法以3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸为原料,经卤化、酰化、环合、烷基化、碘取代等反应制得目标化合物。结果五步反应总收率为63.6%,产物经MS1、HNMR确证结构。结论所用工艺路线具有原料易得、操作简便、收率较高的特点,适用于该中间体的放大制备。     

7,8-二甲氧基-3-(3-碘丙基)-1,3-二氢-2H-3-苯并氮杂-2-酮的制备

目的合成抗心绞痛的新药伊伐布雷定的关键中间体7,8-二甲氧基-3-(3-碘丙基)-1,3-二氢-2H-3-苯并氮杂--2-酮。方法以3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸为原料,经卤化、酰化、环合、烷基化、碘取代等反应制得目标化合物。结果五步反应总收率为63.6%,产物经MS1、HNMR确证结构。结论所用工艺路线具有原料易得、操作简便、收率较高的特点,适用于该中间体的放大制备。     

一种磷酸二甲啡烷中间体的制备方法

目的 探索一种适合工业化生产的磷酸二甲啡烷中间体的制备方法。方法 以5,6,7,8-四氢异喹啉为原料,采用一锅法,经甲基化、格氏反应、还原及拆分,得到磷酸二甲啡烷中间体(V),即d(4-甲基苯基)-2-甲基-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,-八氢异喹啉。 结果 制备的磷酸二甲啡烷中间体经¹H-NMR和MS谱等确证。总收率35.4%,纯度99.8%。 结论 该工艺收率提高,成本降低,操作简化,易于工业化生产。     

竞争性AMPA受体拮抗剂SPD502的合成

5-溴异喹啉经硝化、甲基化和还原得到8-氨基-5-溴-2-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉(4),再经Sandmeyer靛红合成、Suzuki偶合得关键中间体N,N-二甲基-4-(8-甲基-2,3-二氧-2,3,6,7,8,9-六氢-1H-吡咯并[3,2-h]异喹啉-5-基)苯磺酰胺(8).最后与2-氨氧基-1,4-γ-丁内酯盐酸盐缩合并经碱性开环制得竞争性AMPA受体拮抗剂SPD 502,总收率约10%.     

Study of Parkinson's disease-causing mechanism and development of anti-Parkinson's disease drugs using endogenous substances in brain]

There have been many reports showing 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline(TIQ) derivatives may be related to the onset of Parkinson's disease. 1-Benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline(1BnTIQ) was detected as a novel endogenous amine in mouse brain and parkinsonian CSF. The level of 1BnTIQ was very high in CSF of some parkinsonian patients compared with that of controls with other neurological diseases. Repeated administration of 1BnTIQ induced behavior abnormalities. We suggest that 1BnTIQ may be related to the idiopathic Parkinson's disease. On the other hand, 1-methyl TIQ (1MeTIQ), an endogenous amine in the brain, prevented 1BnTIQ-induced parkinsonism in mice. So 1MeTIQ is a candidate for anti-parkinsonian drugs.     

1-［1-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)乙基］-2-(4-硝基苄基)-6,7-二甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉氢溴酸盐的光降解产物研究

研究1-［1-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)乙基］-2-(4-硝基苄基)-6,7-二甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉氢溴酸盐(编号P91024)遇光后颜色变暗的光降解产物。采用HPLC-MS及波谱分析鉴定光降解产物的化学结构，并经有机反应合成对照验证。P91024光降解的3个主要产物分别为溴化N-(4-硝基苄基)-6,7-二甲氧基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、1-［1-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)乙基］-6,7-二甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉和2-异丙基-6-甲氧基萘。     

Hyperactivity induced by tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives injected into the nucleus accumbens.

Several derivatives of tetrahydroisoquinoline were injected bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens of rat 2 h after a nialamide pretreatment and activity recorded in cages fitted with photocells. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline, 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dihydroxy-1-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-isoquinoline (tetrahydropapaveroline) and 6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline caused virtually no change in locomotor activity and 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and 2-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline caused only modest hyperactivity responses. However, 3-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and 3-methyl-6,7-methylenedioxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline were both shown to markedly increase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Of these two compounds, the 3-methyl-6,7-methylenedioxyderivatives was most active and equalled the effectiveness of dopamine. The responses to dopamine and to 3-methyl-6,7-methylenedioxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline were both threshold at 3.125 mug and maximum at 50 mug. Both effects developed within 1-2 h and persisted for at least 6 h. The hyperactivity induced by dopamine was antagonised in a dose-dependent manner by haloperidol: propranolol and aceperone were without effect. Similar results were obtained for these blocking agents against the responses to 3-methyl-6,7-methylenedioxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline but aceperone and propranolol, in addition to haloperidol, were shown to inhibit the hyperactivity induced by 3-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline.     

Cholinergic effects of molecular segments of apomorphine and dopaminergic effects of N,N-dialkylated dopamines.

The hydrochlorides of molecular segments of apomorphine [2-(3',4'-dihydroxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, 2-(3'4'-dihydroxybenzyl)piperidine, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline with their respective N-methyl and N-n-propyl homologs] and N,N-dialkylated dopamine compounds were synthesized and studied for (1) LD50 in intact mice; (2) stereotypy in intact mice; (3) curving of the body in unilaterally caudectomized mice; (4) rotation in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats, and (5) activation of adenylate cyclase in homogenates of mouse caudate nuclei. Instead of dopaminergic effects 1-(3',4'-dihydroxybenzyl)-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline showed cholinergic ones. These effects were blocked in atropine-pretreated animals. Of the N,N-dialkylated dopamine compounds synthesized, the N-n-propyl-N-n-butyldopamine ranked in all tests as the strongest dopamine-receptor agonist and N-methyl-N-n-propyldopamine as the weakest. In contrast, N,N-dimethyldopamine and 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl)piperidine showed no dopaminergic effects. The effectiveness of the dopaminergic agonists depended on the length of the N-alkyl substituents suggesting interactions with hydrophobic regions of the receptor site.     

Synthesis of 1-substituted analogues of trimetoquinol possessing differential and selective beta-adrenergic properties.

The synthesis of the 1,1-disubstituted tetrahydroisoquinoline analogues, 1-methyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride (2) and 1-benzyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride (3), is described. The profile of beta-adrenergic activity for these analogues was determined and compared to that of trimetoquinol (1) in isolated guinea pig atrial, tracheal, and rat adipocyte preparations. Unexpected selective beta1-blocking activity in guinea pig trachea was noted with analogue 3. With the exception of 2 in guinea pig atria, 2 and 3 did not possess any beta-stimulant activity. Substitution at the 1 position of trimetoquinol (1) has revealed qualitative differences in beta-adrenergic activity.     

Synthese des 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-(3,4-dimethoxy-α-hydroxybenzyl)-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisochinolins

Synthesis of 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-(3,4-dimethoxy-α-hydroxybenzyl)-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline The synthesis and chemical reactivity of 6,7-dimethoxy-3(3,4-dimethoxy-α-hydroxybenzyl)-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (I) are described.     

Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 1-oxo-2-(3-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinolines and related analogues as a new class of specific bradycardic agents possessing I(f) channel inhibitory activity

A series of 1-oxo-2-(3-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines and related analogues were prepared and evaluated for their bradycardic activities in isolated right atrium and in anesthetized rats. (+/-)-6,7-Dimethoxy-2-[1-[3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenoxy)propyl]-3-piperidyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (4) was chosen as a lead, and structural modifications were performed on the tetrahydroisoquinoline ring and the terminal aromatic ring. The modifications on the tetrahydroisoquinoline ring revealed that the 1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline ring system was optimum structure for both in vitro potency and in vivo efficacy. Furthermore, methoxy, ethoxy, and methoxycarbonyl groups were identified as preferable substituents on the terminal aromatic ring. One of the 1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives, (R)-10a, was further evaluated for its bradycardic activity and inhibitory activity against I(f) currents. Compound (R)-10a demonstrated potent bradycardic activity in rats with minimal influence on blood pressure after oral administration. The compound also showed inhibition of I(f) currents (IC(50) = 0.32 muM) in guinea pig pacemaker cells.     

Specific dopamine D-1 and DA1 properties of 4-(mono- and -dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and its tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine analogue

The title compounds were prepared and examined to elucidate further the structure-activity relationships of dopamine agonists related to nomifensine. Two of the compounds, 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine, have been reported in the patent literature. In stimulation of rat retinal adenylate cyclase, a measure of dopamine D-1 agonist activity, the tetrahydroisoquinoline was about equipotent to dopamine. The thienyl isostere had nearly twice the potency. Both compounds were potent vasodilators in the canine renal artery, producing dilation through stimulation of DA1 type peripheral dopamine receptors. A monohydroxy analogue, 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, had only slight activity in the cyclase assay and was inactive in the canine renal artery. These results, combined with those from an earlier study, demonstrate that N-alkylation decreases both dopamine D-1 and DA-1 agonist potency, with activity ordered as H greater than methyl greater than ethyl greater than propyl. The results also demonstrate the necessity for the catechol function in this series.     

Über Derivate des 1-Cyan-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisochinolins

Substituted 1-Cyano-1,2,34-tetrahydroisoquinolines Addition of hydrocyanic acid to 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline ( 1 ) gives 1-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline ( 2 ), which can be isolated as hydrochloride ( 3 ). 2 can be acylated to 2-acyl-1-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines ( 5 ), which can be prepared in a similar way by Reissert synthesis. Alkylation or acylation of 5 results in 1,1-disubstituted tetrahydroisoquinolines of type 4 and 6 .     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-dihydroisoquinoline compounds as tubulin polymerization inhibitors

A series of 1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline derivatives and several 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, 1-phenyl-isoquinoline analogues were synthesized, and their cytotoxicity and tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity were evaluated. The 1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline compounds were found to be potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Compound 5n, bearing a 3'-OH and 4'-OCH(3) substituted 1-phenyl B-ring, was shown to confer optimal bioactivity. The single-crystal structure of 5n was further determined by X-ray diffraction, and the binding mode of 5n to tubulin was obtained by molecular docking, which can explain the structure-activity relationships. The studies presented here provide a new structural type for the development of novel antitumor agents.