高脂血症大鼠肠系膜上动脉NPY免疫反应性神经纤维的变化

为探讨神经肽Ｙ与动脉粥样硬化的关系，用ＡＢＣ免疫组织化学及体视学方法观察高脂血症大鼠肠系膜上动脉神经肽Ｙ免疫反应性神经纤维的变化。１．定性观察：对照组各时期神经肽Ｙ免疫反应性神经纤维呈网状攀附于血管周围，分布均匀，并见串珠状膨体；高脂组纤维呈密集网状分布，在纤维网孔中出现大量较纤维的新增生纤维，其排列较紊乱，膨体清晰可见，这种方法见于各期实验组。２．定量结果；对照组各时期纤维密度无明显２；高脂组纤     

易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠肠系膜上动脉NPY能神经纤维的变化

用ABC免疫组化方法观察易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠术后7d、30d、90d三时期肠系膜上动脉神经肽Y能神经纤维的变化.①定性观察:对照组神经肽Y能神经纤维呈网状攀附于血管周围,分布较均匀,并见串珠状膨体;高血压组7d、30d神经纤维分布与对照组相似,90d纤维亦呈网状,但较稀疏.②定量结果:对照组各时期及高血压组7d、30d纤维密度无明显改变,但90d明显降低(P<0.01).结果显示,易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠肠系膜上动脉90d神经肽Y能神经纤维分布较稀疏,密度降低,其原因可能与血管壁结构的变化有关.     

易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠肠系膜上动脉NPY能神经纤维的变化

用ＡＢＣ免疫组化方法观察易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠术后７ｄ、３０ｄ、９０ｄ三时期肠系膜上动脉神经肽Ｙ能神经纤维的变化。（１）定性观察：对照组神经肽Ｙ能神经纤维呈网状攀附于血周围，分布较均匀，并见串珠状膨体，高血压组７ｄ、３０硐对照组相似，９０ｄ纤维亦呈网状，但较稀疏。（２）定量结果，对照组各时期及高血压组７ｄ３０ｄ纤维密度无明显改变，但９０ｄ明显降低。结果显示，易卒中型血管性高血压大鼠肠系膜上动脉     

大鼠心冠状动脉系统神经肽Y年龄变化的免疫组织化学研究

运用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法对不同月龄ＳＤ大鼠心脏冠状动脉及其分支含神经肽Ｙ神经纤维的分布及其衰老变化作了详细观察．结果表明：左、右冠状动脉及其各级分支具有丰富的神经肽Ｙ能神经分布．在冠状动脉主干及其较大分支上，神经纤维较稠密，主要呈环状或网状分布，在血管围周形成较多束、丛、网，并伸入血管壁内形成壁内的神经网络分布．部分神经纤维的游离末梢有穿过血管内膜伸向腔面的迹象．在细小的冠状动脉分支上，神经纤维密度减低，主要沿血管长袖是纵向分布．两侧冠状动脉系统神经肽Ｙ能纤维分布形式及密度没有差别．老龄组动物，左、右冠状动脉及其分支的神经肽Ｙ能纤维密度趋于下降，纤维变细，呈断续状，膨体数量减少，免疫染色变浅、此外，在心内发现了神经肽Ｙ能神经节．     

大鼠生后脑下垂体前叶CGRP免疫反应阳性神经纤维的发育

应用免疫组织化学方法观察了大鼠生后其脑下垂体前叶 CGRP免疫反应阳性神经纤维的发育变化。 SD大鼠按生后天数分为 P1～ 2、P8、P15、P30、P45等五个实验组。结果证明 ,P1～ 2 d,从周围脑膜中来的 CGRP阳性神经纤维进入前叶浅表 ,形态较短直 ,前叶中央部未见阳性纤维。P8d,CGRP阳性纤维的数量较 P1～ 2 d者显著增多 ,CGRP阳性纤维细而弯曲 ,富含膨体 ,呈网状或簇状分布于前叶背侧中央部及吻侧部。P15 d,CGRP阳性纤维可分为粗直类纤维和弯曲的膨体型细纤维 ,前者分布于前叶大部分 ,后者主要呈网状或簇状分布于前叶吻端近腹侧部及背尾部。 P30 d,CGRP阳性纤维也分为粗直类纤维和弯曲的膨体型细纤维 ,粗直类纤维分布于整个垂体前叶 ;弯曲的膨体型细纤维较 P15 d者分布广泛。P45 d CGRP阳性纤维类型和分布接近成年大鼠。本研究结果表明 ,大鼠垂体前叶的 CGRP阳性神经纤维随出生后年龄的增长 ,其类型、数量、分布逐渐由少到多 ,由分布于浅表到广泛分布于整个垂体前叶 ,呈现一种动态变化 ,说明出生后大鼠垂体前叶中 CGRP阳性纤维发育迅速     

易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠基底动脉NPY能神经纤维的变化

本文用ＡＢＣ免疫组化方法观察易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠高血压各时期脑基底动脉神经肽Ｙ阳性神经纤维的变化，神经纤维定量结果显示：对照组神经肽Ｙ能神经纤维多呈环状分布，而高血压组环状纤维减少，早、中期纤维密度与对照组无明显差异，在晚期，血管壁神经纤维多为纵行，密度明显降低，与早，中期及对照组差异均显著。     

扬子鳄泄殖腔内5—羟色胺免疫反应神经纤维和细胞的分布

用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法，研究了５－羟色胺免疫反应神经纤维及细胞在扬子鳄泄殖腔内的分布。５－羟色胺免疫反应神经纤维大体有两种类型：一类为无膨体的细长纤维见于间质内，走行方向大体与平滑肌纤维一致；另一类为膨体状纤维，多见于间质内血管周围和肌束间，无方向性，其末梢相互连接成网络状。此外，在间质内血管、输精小管的周围见到散在的或小群样的５－羟色胺免疫反应阳性细胞，胞体大小不等形态不一，有时尚可见一个或一个     

GAP-43免疫反应神经纤维在小鼠脾脏的分布及其性质的研究

用免疫组化方法研究了GAP－43免疫反应阳性神经纤维在成年小鼠脾脏的分布及其性质。结果显示，GAP43样免疫反应阳性纤维不仅广泛分布于脾内血管周围，还存在于白髓、红髓的淋巴细胞之间。应用6-羟多巴（6－OHDA）损毁儿茶酚胺能神经后，TH、NPY免疫组化染色不能显示任何阳性神经纤维，而GAP－43免疫反应阳性神经纤维尚有部分存留．它们多位于较大的血管周围，较直且平滑、膨体少。此结果表明，成熟小鼠脾内绝大部分单胺能神经纤维和少部分非单胺能神经纤维含有GAP－43，是具有可塑性的神经纤维。     

免疫应答中小鼠脾GAP-43神经支配的可塑性--神经纤维数量和分布的变化

为了解脾交感神经在免疫功能增强时的形态变化，用免疫组织化学方法观察了ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠脾内生长相关蛋白样免疫反应（ＧＡＰ－４３－ＬＩ）性神经在结核菌素衍生蛋白（ＰＰＤ）诱发的免疫反应高峰期数量和分布的变化。结果显示，动物在接受两次ＰＰＤ注射（２１ｄ＋７ｄ）后，脾ＧＡＰ－４３－ＬＩ神经纤维密度明显增加并伴有分布和形态的变化。于对照动物，脾ＧＡＰ－４３－ＬＩ神经纤维主要分布于血管周围，少量伸入动脉周围淋巴鞘的脾基质中，而在免疫刺激的动物，不仅血管周围的神经纤维明显增多，动脉周围淋巴鞘外层、边缘区和红髓等免疫应答活跃的部位也出现许多神经纤维。神经纤维分支和纤维上膨体明显增多。以上结果提示：免疫应答中脾神经成分发生活跃的结构重塑，这些变化有可能与神经的免疫调节功能有关。     

易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠基底动脉NPY能神经纤维的变化

本文用ABC免疫组化方法观察易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠高血压各时期脑基底动脉神经肽Y阳性神经纤维的变化。神经纤维定量结果显示:对照组神经肽Y能神经纤维多呈环状分布,而高血压组环状纤维减少,早、中期纤维密度与对照组无明显差异,在晚期,血管壁神经纤维多为纵行,密度明显降低,与早、中期及对照组差异均显著(P<0.01)。脑卒中症状观察结果显示:对照组及高血压组早、中期均无脑卒中发生,而高血压晚期大鼠均出现不同程度的脑卒中。提示:脑基底动脉神经肽Y能神经纤维密度降低与高血压晚期发生脑卒中可能有关。     

Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on taste buds in rat vallate papillae

Some studies have documented taste changes in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). In order to understand the relationships between taste disorders caused by DM and the innervation and morphologic changes in the taste buds, we studied the vallate papillae and their taste buds in rats with DM. DM was induced in these rats with streptozotocin (STZ), which causes the death of beta cells of the pancreas. The rats were sacrificed and the vallate papillae were dissected for morphometric and quantitative immunohistochemical analyses. The innervations of the vallate papillae and taste buds in diabetic and control rats were detected using immunohistochemistry employing antibodies directed against protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The results showed that PGP 9.5- and CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the trench wall of diabetic vallate papillae, as well as taste cells in the taste buds, gradually decreased both intragemmally and intergemmally. The morphometry revealed no significant difference in papilla size between the control and diabetic groups, but there were fewer taste buds per papilla (per animal). The quantification of innervation in taste buds of the diabetic rats supported the visual assessment of immunohistochemical labeling, that the innervation of taste cells was significantly reduced in diabetic animals. These findings suggest that taste impairment in diabetic subjects may be caused by neuropathy defects and/or morphological changes in the taste buds.     

Age-dependent changes in noradrenergic innervations of the frontal cortex in F344 rats

Noradrenergic innervations of the frontal cortex with advancing age (9, 13 and 25 months) in male F344 rats were quantified by immunohistochemistry for dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), which is a marker enzyme for noradrenergic axons. The density of DBH-positive axons, varicosities (swellings along an axon from which noradrenaline is released), and the number of varicosities per unit length of axon were measured in the frontal cortex. We found that the density of axons and varicosities significantly decreased at an earlier stage of aging (9-13 months), but not at a later stage (13-25 months). On the other hand, the number of varicosities per unit length of axon did not change with age. The result shows that the density of varicosities, which represent the synapses of noradrenergic neurons, decrease in the frontal cortex in the early aging process.     

神经支配与拔牙窝的骨愈合*

背景：拔牙窝的新骨形成与骨量保持受体内外多种因素调控,神经系统通过介导成骨细胞和破骨细胞调节骨代谢。 目的：观察神经支配对拔牙窝骨愈合的调节作用,探讨神经支配与拔牙窝骨愈合的相互关系。 方法：切除犬一侧下牙槽神经建立失神经支配动物模型,以未切除侧为对照,拔除失神经支配侧和正常侧前磨牙,放射影像学方法检测术后2,4,8,12周拔牙窝新骨形成和骨量保持。 结果与结论：失神经支配组拔牙窝骨缺损区牙槽嵴高度、宽度和CT值明显低于对照组(P < 0.01);实验组拔牙窝唇颊侧牙槽嵴高度明显低于对照组(P < 0.05或0.01),舌侧牙槽嵴高度差明显高于对照组(P < 0.05或0.01)。提示失下牙槽神经支配影响拔牙窝的新骨形成及骨量保持,二者之间存在密切相关性。     

Quantified regional and laminar distribution of the serotonin innervation in the anterior half of adult rat cerebral cortex

The regional and laminar distribution of the serotonin (5-HT) innervation in adult rat cerebral cortex was quantified in radioautographs of semi-thin sections from whole hemisphere slices incubated with tritiated 5-HT and a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Uptake-labelled axonal varicosities (aggregates of silver grains) were counted with the help of a computerized image analyser, in seven cytoarchitectonic areas of the anterior half of the cortex: Cg3, rostral AID, Cg2, Fr1, Par1, caudal AID and Pir (prepiriform). Since the average diameter of cortical 5-HT varicosities had been previously measured in electron microscope radioautographs, the counts of labelled sites per mm2 of radioautograph could be transformed to numbers of varicosities per mm3 of tissue after a double correction for incomplete detection at the chosen duration of radioautographic exposure and from the thickness of section examined. The mean regional density of cortical 5-HT innervation was thus evaluated at 5.8 million varicosities per mm3 of tissue, ranging from 4.4 (Cg2) to 7.1 million (AIDr). Cg2, Par1 and Fr1 showed significantly lower regional densities than Cg3, AIDc, Pir and AIDr. The highest laminar density was that of layer I in all regions except Pir, but each region had a distinct pattern of 5-HT innervation. In Par1, for example, there was a second band of predilection amounting to 5.3 million varicosities per mm3 at the height of layer Va. On the basis of these figures, it was possible to extrapolate the average number of cortical 5-HT varicosities per midbrain raphe nerve cell body of origin (500,000 at least), their average number per cortical target neuron (145-230), their incidence among all axon terminals in cortex (1/200), their mean endogenous amine content (0.045 fg), and their mean number per varicosity of recognition sites for reuptake blockers such as paroxetine, citalopram or cyanoimipramine (5000-6200). Such quantitative data and further correlations between 5-HT innervation density and other measurable aspects of cortical structure and function should help to elucidate the role(s) of 5-HT in this part of the brain.     

A quantitative study of the effects of age on the noradrenergic innervation of Auerbach's plexus in the rat

Noradrenergic nerves were demonstrated in stretch preparations of Auerbach's plexus and longitudinal muscle from the proximal jejunum of Wistar rats using glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence. The density of the noradrenergic nerve plexus and the number of nerve terminal varicosities/frame area were assessed using a Quantimet 800 image analyser and the number of varicosities/unit length of nerve was measured manually with a calibrated planimeter. With increasing age, especially between 12 and 18 months there occurs a breakdown of plexus regularity and noticeably reduced levels of axonal fluorescence. Image analysis showed a decrease in the total area of the plexus of more than 50% and a decrease of almost 75% in the total number of varicosities. The frequency of varicosities per 100 micron of axon decreased from 18.79 at 12 months to 14.79 at 18 months. Significant changes in these parameters did not occur during the following 6 months. The dramatic decrease in the density of the noradrenergic innervation of Auerbach's plexus and the fall in number of varicosities with age implies a reduction in the potential of the sympathetic nervous system to influence control over motility of the jejunum in the aged rat.     

神经肽Y免疫反应神经纤维在豚鼠肠系膜淋巴结的分布

为了探讨神经肽调节消化道免疫功能的机制，本研究应用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法结合葡萄糖氧化酶－ＤＡＢ－硫酸镍铵增强技术，于３０ｕｍ厚恒冷箱切片上观察了含ＮＰＹ神经纤维在豚鼠肠系膜淋巴结的分布。结果显示，含ＮＰＹ神经纤维呈串株样或线状，广泛分布于淋巴结合部。在门区和髓质，阳性纤维主要分布于血管壁及其周围，髓索和髓窦壁也有一些串株样粗纤维走行。皮质内呈线状含ＮＰＹ神经纤维多定位于皮质深层的淋巴组织和微血管壁