肾动脉狭窄性高血压的介入治疗临床分析

目的探讨肾动脉狭窄(RAS)性高血压介入治疗的临床意义。方法回顾性分析30例RAS性高血压患者的DSA造影及临床资料。动脉粥样硬化(AS)16例、纤维肌性发育不良(FMD)8例、多发性大动脉炎(MA)5例、肾移植术后(PRT)1例。结果共35支狭窄动脉25支行经皮腔内肾血管成形术(PTRA),9支行支架植入(PTRAS)治疗,1支由于肾动脉几乎闭塞,微导丝未能通过狭窄部位而治疗失败。本组技术成功率97.1%;AS性、FMD性、MA性RAS治疗有效率分别为75.0%、87.5%、40.0%,再狭窄率分别为13.1%、25.0%、40.0%;随访7个月～3年,5例治愈;17例改善;8例无效,总有效率为73.3%(22/30);均未发生严重并发症。结论不同病因导致的RAS性高血压行介入治疗疗效明显:以FMD疗效最佳,AS疗效次之,MA疗效较差。     

肾动脉狭窄介入治疗中期疗效评价

目的 评价肾动脉狭窄介入治疗的临床疗效.方法 对47例(共55条狭窄肾动脉)患者行球囊导管扩张(PTRA)和(或)肾动脉支架置人(PTRS),随访血压及肾功能的变化情况.结果 54条肾动脉开通成功(54/55),17条肾动脉行单纯PTRA治疗,37条肾动脉行PTRS治疗.术中死亡1例,47例平均随访(2.5±0.6)年.术后1个月(46例)、6个月(46例)、1年(33例)、2年(29例)随访患者血压较术前有显著下降(P＜0.01),临床有效率分别为89.1%(41/46例)、72.7%(24/33例)、62.1%(18/29例).术后5例肾功能得到改善,33例保持不变,3例恶化.11例术前与术后(2个月内)肾图对比检查,8例肾脏血流灌注量增加,肾功能由重度受损改善为轻、中度受损,3例血流灌注仍为重度受损.结论 PTRA和PTRS可有效解决肾动脉狭窄,治疗肾性高血压和改善肾功能.     

大动脉炎性肾动脉狭窄支架植入术的疗效分析

目的研究经皮腔内血管成形术 内支架植入术治疗大动脉炎性肾动脉狭窄所致肾性高血压的临床效果。资料与方法选用Palmaz支架和AVEBridge支架,对18例大动脉炎所致肾动脉狭窄先行经皮腔内肾动脉成形术(PTRA),然后放置支架。术后检测血管的内径和术后一周时血压的变化。结果18例PTRA 支架植入术技术成功率100%。血管内径由术前平均为(1.7±0.6)mm恢复至术后为(5.3±0.4)mm,术后1周时血压由术前的(22.7±3.3/14.0±2.1)kPa降为(19.3±1.6/10.4±2.0)kPa,其中10例血压恢复正常,6例血压改善。术后随访肾动脉血流通畅,血压控制满意。结论PTRA 支架植入术治疗大动脉炎性肾动脉狭效果满意,创伤小,患者痛苦少;PTRA 支架术是目前治疗大动脉炎性肾动脉狭窄的首选方法,具有安全、简便、有效的优点。     

动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的介入诊断与治疗方法探讨

目的　观察动脉粥样硬化所致的肾动脉狭窄的发生率 ,及经皮肾动脉球囊成形术 (PTRA)加支架术的疗效。方法　对连续 2 0 0例接受冠状动脉 (冠脉 )造影的患者用Judkins右冠脉造影导管作选择性肾动脉造影或腹主动脉数字减影血管造影 (DSA)进行肾动脉造影 ,并对其中 7例肾动脉严重狭窄 (狭窄直径≥ 85 % )患者的 8支狭窄血管行PTRA加支架术 ,所有病变均为动脉粥样硬化所致。结果　 2 0 0例受检者中 ,肾动脉狭窄的发生率为 10 .5 % (2 1例 ) ;其中 ,99例冠状动脉心脏病 (冠心病 )患者肾动脉狭窄的发生率为 19.2 % (19例 )。 8支狭窄肾动脉手术的技术成功率达 10 0 % ,随访 3～ 9个月 ,71.4 %的患者血压易于控制 ,其中 3例复查肾动脉造影未见再狭窄。结论　对冠脉有病变的高血压患者 ,在行冠脉造影的同时 ,有必要加做肾动脉造影 ,有助于肾动脉狭窄的早期诊断和治疗 ,避免发生肾功能衰竭。PTRA加支架术是目前治疗肾动脉狭窄的首选方法 ,具有安全、简便、有效的优点。     

肾动脉血管内支架

肾动脉气囊导管成形术(PTRA)具有重要意义,它具有创伤性小、集诊断与治疗于一次操作等优点,而且临床疗效受到充分肯定。但是,PTRA 的疗效受到一些因素影响,致使对一些病例的治疗结果不理想,常见的不利因素有:(1)肾动脉起始部位的狭窄,它的 PTRA 成功率只有20%～24%;(2)肾移植后动脉吻合口处的纤维增生病变,由于弹性回缩致使对PTRA 的反应很差;(3)肾动脉成形术本身引起的并发症,如动脉壁过度撕裂导致动脉急性     

动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄患者支架置入术后的疗效评价

动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis,ARAS)能导致缺血性肾病,是老年人群中慢性肾功能衰竭的常见原因之一.介入治疗如经皮肾动脉球囊成形术(percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty,PTRA)和肾动脉内支架置入术(percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty with stent,PTRAS)是ARAS的主要治疗手段.     

肾动脉狭窄:肾动脉非增强MRA与增强MRA对照研究

目的本研究目的主要是探讨稳态自由进动(SSFP)非对比增强MRA(非增强-MRA)和传统的对比增强MRA(CE-MRA)对肾动脉狭窄(RAS)评价的价值。方法回顾     

肾动脉狭窄的临床研究进展

肾动脉狭窄(renal artery stenosis,RAS)是继发性高血压最常见的原因,约占全部高血压患者的5%[1]。肾动脉狭窄可以引起肾血管性高血压和慢性缺血性肾病(chronic ischemic renaldisease,CIRD),两者是造成终末期肾病的重要原因。近年来随着医疗水平的提高和介入技术的不断普及,部     

肾动脉狭窄的超声多普勒诊断应用进展

肾动脉狭窄（Renalarterystenosis简称RAS）引起的肾性高血压约占高血压病人的５％～１０％。早期确诊可以治愈。创伤性肾动脉造影曾是唯一可靠的确诊方法。而多普勒超声诊断技术的发展为肾血管病变无创性诊断开辟了新的途径。自１９８４年Avasthi犤１犦采用超声多普勒诊断RAS以来，国内外已有不少文献报道。由于所用的扫查方法、仪器、应用的参数、标准等不同，对超声多普勒在RAS诊断中的符合率大相径庭，因此对其在RAS诊断中的价值存在分歧。１超声多普勒技术在肾动脉检查中的可行性肾动脉自腹主动脉发出，位于腹膜后间隙内。而且直…     

肾动脉支架成形术治疗肾动脉狭窄患者10年随访结果

目的 评价肾动脉支架成形术治疗动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的远期疗效.方法 纳入连续收治的134例严重动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄患者(内径狭窄＞70％),并予以肾动脉支架成形术.记录患者术前、术后1年和2年血压及血清肌酐水平,同时测定肾小球滤过率(GFR)、10年后血压改变.结果 所有患者均成功接受介入治疗.与术前基线值比较,术后24 h肌酐升高[(109.8±24.6) μmol/L对(99.4±27.8) μmol/L],GFR降低[(57.6±19.3) ml/min对(68.5±18.9) ml/min)].患者术后1、2年平均肌酐值与术前基线值差异无统计学意义,但术后1、2、10年时分别有56例(50.9％)、50例(47.6％)和33例(44％)血压改善.结论 尽管肾动脉狭窄患者肾动脉支架成形术后肾功能无变化,但远期血压控制得到明显改善.     

Noninvasive measurement of renal blood flow with technetium-99m-DTPA in the evaluation of patients with suspected renovascular hypertension

If a hypertensive patient with renal artery stenosis (RAS) is to benefit from percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) in terms of a sustained improvement in blood pressure control, one may postulate a demonstrable reduction in renal blood flow (RBF) to that kidney, reversible by PTRA. In a population of 32 hypertensive patients, RAS was present in 23 of 62 kidneys. Eleven of the 32 patients underwent renal revascularization, of whom 6 showed improvement in blood pressure control at 6 mo, i.e., had renovascular hypertension (RVH). There was no correlation between RBF and angiographic appearances of the renal artery. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between RBF in the stenosed kidneys of the patients with RVH compared with the stenosed kidneys of patients without RVH. Individual kidney RBF was 22% (s.d. 11) higher 1-3 wk after PTRA but the increase did not correlate with clinical outcome. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition increased RBF by 25% (s.d. 25) of baseline flow before PTRA but the increase did not correlate with clinical outcome. Measurement of RBF is of limited value for the prediction of the long-term blood pressure response following PTRA.     

MR-Guided PTA in Experimental Bilateral Rabbit Renal Artery Stenosis and MR Angiography Follow-Up Versus Histomorphometry

Purpose: To assess in vivo 1) MR-guided percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) in experimental bilateral rabbit renal artery stenosis (RAS); 2) postprocedural follow-up by gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography versus histomorphometry. Methods: Fifteen male NZW rabbits of mean weight 4.0 kg (range 3.5–4.2 kg) underwent bilateral RAS induction by combined overdilation–deendothelialization with a gadolinium-filled balloon, passively MR-guided by the artifact of a 0.014-inch guidewire. After 4 weeks the rabbits were randomized into two groups: group A (n = 8) underwent right-sided PTRA for treatment of RAS, group B (n = 7) underwent left-sided PTRA. After another 4 weeks the rabbits were killed to assess by histomorphometry recurrent stenosis and contralateral induction injury stenosis lesions. Each step was preceded by gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography, and the cortex-to-aorta (C/A) signal intensity ratio was calculated. Results: RAS induction was successful in all cases. Fourteen arteries developed restenosis and 13 only initial stenosis. MR-guided PTRAs were feasible in 22 arteries (73%). For a successful catheterization of the ostium (20 arteries, 66% success rate), 10–25 steps were required. Five to eight steps were required for balloon localization and inflation for each PTRA. The restenosis effect was reflected by a 16% (12%–27%) decrease in C/A values on MR angiograms (p < 0.05). Conclusion: MR guidance and MR angiography represent a feasible, less invasive alternative for performing and assessing experimental PTRA in RAS.     

Captopril-renal function scintigraphy in the clarification of arterial hypertension]

Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a rare cause of hypertension. Radiological tests can disclose the morphological changes, but not their functional effect on renal function and perfusion. Normalization of the blood pressure can be achieved by intervention (operation, percutaneous transluminal renal angiography; PTRA), in cases of prolonged RAS-induced hypertension long-term preservation of the organ function is most important. The purpose of this study was the validation of captopril renography as a screening test for hypertension secondary to RAS prior to PTRA. Captopril renography with 99mTc-MAG 3 has a high sensitivity (94%) and acceptable specificity (88%) for the screening of hypertensive patients. The positive predictive value is 74% and the negative predictive value 98%, compared with the "gold standard" of angiography.     

粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄介入治疗的临床疗效分析

目的分析和观察粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(ARAS)患者介入治疗术后的临床疗效及影响因素。资料与方法对50例动脉粥样硬化患者65支肾动脉狭窄行经皮腔内肾动脉成形术(PTRA)(包括球囊扩张术和支架置入术),术后1个月、6个月、12个月、24个月随访血压、抗高血压药用药情况、血肌酐及再狭窄情况。结果 50例患者中,术后1、6、12个月全部成功随访,但术后24个月有15例失访。技术成功率为98%,术后1个月、6个月、12个月、24个月血压分别较术前有明显下降(P<0.05),血压控制的临床有效率(治愈+改善)分别为94%、74%、64%和51%,抗高血压药由术前平均3.5种,术后1个月、6个月、12个月平均下降分别为1种、2种、3种,24个月又恢复到3.5种。血清肌酐值与基础值相比无显著差异,术后6个月肾功能改善、稳定及恶化例数分别为12例(24%)、29例(58%)和8例(16%);术后12个月肾功能稳定及恶化例数分别为39例(78%)和11例(22%);术后24个月肾功能稳定及恶化例数分别为26例(74%)和8例(16%)。术后6个月、12个月、24个月支架内再狭窄发生率分别为6.8%、15%、20%。结论 PTR...     

肾动脉闭塞的介入治疗

目的：评价介入治疗肾动脉完全闭塞的疗效。方法：13例肾动脉完全闭塞患者肾动脉再通术，肾动脉球囊扩张及支架置入术。肾动脉支架分别为Palmaz(8例），Symphony(1例），Optimed(3例）。结果：12例技术成功，其中血压下降至正常4例，明显下降8例，无效1例。多数病例（6／7）肾小球滤过率增加。1例发生严重合并症（肾动脉破裂）。结论：介入治疗肾动脉完全闭塞可获得较满意的疗效。     

Can MR Measurement of Renal Artery Flow and Renal Volume Predict the Outcome of Percutaneous Transluminal Renal Angioplasty?

Purpose: Predicting therapeutic benefit from percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) in patients with renal artery stenosis (RAS) remains difficult. This study investigates whether magnetic resonance (MR)-based renal artery flow measurements relative to renal parenchymal volume can predict clinical outcome following PTRA. Methods: The data on 23 patients (13 men, 10 women; age range 47–82 years, mean age 64 years) were analyzed. The indication for treatment was hypertension (n = 18) or renal insufficiency (n = 5). Thirty-four cases of RAS were identified: bilateral disease was manifest in 11 and unilateral disease in 12 patients. The MR imaging protocol included a breath-hold, cardiac-gated cine phase-contrast sequence for renal flow measurement and a fast multiplanar spoiled gradient-echo sequence for renal volume measurement. MR measurements were performed on the day prior to and the day following PTRA. Clinical success was defined as (a) a reduction in diastolic blood pressure > 15% or (b) a reduction in serum creatinine > 20%. Kidneys were categorized as normal volume or low volume. A renal flow index (RFI) was calculated by dividing the renal flow (ml/min) by the renal volume (cm³). Results: Clinical success was observed in 11 patients. Twelve patients did not benefit from angioplasty. Normal kidney volume was seen in 10 of 11 responders and in 8 of 12 nonresponders, resulting in a sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 33%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 56% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 80%. A RFI below a threshold of 1.5 ml/min/cm³ predicted successful outcome with 100% sensitivity, 33% specificity, 58% PPV, and 100% NPV. The combination of normal renal volume and a RFI below 1.5 ml/min/cm³ identified PTRA responders with a sensitivity of 91%, a specificity of 67%, a PPV of 71%, and a NPV of 89%. PTRA resulted in a greater increase in renal flow in responders compared with nonresponders (p < 0.001). Conclusion: A combination of cine phase-contrast MR renal flow and parenchymal volume measurements enables identification of patients benefiting from PTRA with a high sensitivity and NPV, but only moderate specificity and PPV.     

Captopril-induced changes in MAG3 clearance in patients with renal arterial stenosis and the effect of renal angioplasty.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition by captopril decreases renal (131)I-o-iodohippurate sodium or iothalamate extraction in patients with renal artery stenosis (RAS). This study investigated the effect of captopril on another renal radiopharmaceutical, (99m)Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3), in particular its plasma clearance. METHODS: Three groups of patients were studied. Group I contained 22 patients with hypertension but a low likelihood of RAS according to negative captopril renography results, confirmed by angiography in 5. Group II contained 22 hypertensive patients with RAS documented by angiography and positive captopril and plasma renin response. Group III contained 10 patients after successful percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) with negative captopril renography results. The 60-min, single-sample technique was used for measurement of the plasma clearance of MAG3 during baseline and captopril renography. RESULTS: In 18 of 22 group I patients, clearance increased (P < 0.01) during captopril renography compared with baseline conditions, whereas in 18 of 22 group II patients, clearance decreased (P< 0.01). In group III patients, clearance was not significantly altered. The clearance decrease in group II did not correlate with the blood pressure decrease or plasma renin activity increase during captopril renography. CONCLUSION: Renal function assessed by MAG3 plasma clearance decreases in hypertensive patients with RAS but increases in patients without RAS. MAG3 clearance measurements during baseline and captopril renography can thus serve as additional diagnostic information when investigating patients with hypertension for the possibility of an RAS.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the renal artery

Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) has been employed in 70 renal arteries, utilizing the balloon angioplasty technique described by Grüntzig for peripheral vessels. The procedure has been employed both in patients with normal renal function and in selected patients with decreased renal function. The complication rate has been low (5.7%), and no patient has required operative intervention as a result of a complication sustained during PTRA. The early results of PTRA compare favorably to those achieved through operative revascularization. An assessment of the duration of PTRA's effects must however, await the results of long-term follow-up.     

Percutaneous angioplasty for atherosclerotic renal artery disease: Effect on renal function in azotemic patients

Purpose We studied the effect of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) on renal function in azotemic patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis.Methods The results of PTRA were analyzed retrospectively in 40 patients. There were 61 stenoses, 54 of which received balloon angioplasty; 7 had stent placement during the initial procedure, 6 for recurrent stenosis 6–18 months after PTRA.Results Technical success was achieved in 95% of cases. The complication rate was 15%, compared to 6% in nonazotemic patients. Mean creatinine rose from 1.9 ± 0.15 mg/dl (mean ± SEM) to 2.4 ± 0.17 mg/dl during the year before PTRA, stabilizing at 2.5 ± 0.57 mg/ dl for 1 year after PTRA. PTRA was clinically successful in 60% of patients; 40% showed further deterioration of renal function. Clinical failure was associated with residual renal artery stenosis and presence of intermittent claudication.Conclusion We conclude that PTRA helps salvage renal function in patients with azotemia and atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis.