A Moderated Mediation Model of the Relationship between Media,Social Capital,and Cancer Knowledge

We combined insights from various theories and models of media learning, and advanced an indirect model accounting for the mechanisms underlying the media influences on knowledge acquisition. Our model was largely supported by the data from a two-wave longitudinal panel survey with a nationwide sample of Korean adults. It was found that both personal cancer history and cancer worry were positively associated with exposure to stomach cancer information from the media. In turn, exposure to media information was positively related to reflective integration of that information, which ultimately leads to stomach cancer knowledge only among people with high levels of social capital. These findings suggest that media uses and effects are not only an individual but also a contextually dependent experience.     

孤独感在老年人社会参与和生活满意度间的中介效应研究

目的 探讨老年人社会参与、孤独感与生活满意度的关系,以及孤独感在二者之间的中介效应。方法 基于中国老年人健康影响因素跟踪调查（CLHLS）2018年数据,筛选数据变量包括老年人基本信息、社会参与、孤独感、生活满意度。采用温忠麟提出的传统中介效应检验三步法,探究孤独感、社会参与与生活满意度三者之间的内在关系。结果 家务型社会参与与生活满意度间呈负相关（β=-0.048,P=0.001）,孤独感在二者间呈现出遮掩效应;孤独感在老年人经济型社会参与与生活满意度之间不存在中介作用（β=0.027,P=0.392）;孤独感在休闲娱乐型、社交型社会参与和生活满意度之间存在部分中介作用（β=0.062,P=0.001;β=0.038,P=0.007）。结论 促进老年人积极参与社会,减缓其孤独情绪的萌生,是提高其生活满意度和实现“积极老龄化”的重要途径。     

Predictors of Maternal Encouragement to Diet: A Moderated Mediation Analysis

Maternal encouragement to diet has been linked to child disordered eating, overweight and obesity, and negative psychosocial outcomes. A limited amount of research has examined variables that may contribute to maternal encouragement to diet. The current study examined the relationship between child BMI, parent BMI, maternal concern about child weight status, and maternal encouragement to diet. 80 youths, aged 8–17, and their mothers were administered questionnaires to assess maternal weight concern and child perception of maternal encouragement to diet. Data were analyzed using a bootstrapped moderated mediation model. Higher child BMI predicted increased maternal weight concern, which in turn was related to increased encouragement to diet. Mothers of overweight and obese youth were more likely to be concerned about their child’s weight if mothers themselves were overweight or obese. Overweight or obese girls (but not boys) with an overweight or obese mother were more likely to be encouraged to diet. The model accounted for 48 % of the variance in maternal encouragement to diet. Results indicate a potential mechanism by which encouragement to diet occurs and highlight the relevance of maternal weight and child gender in the prediction of encouragement to diet.     

Childhood Neglect and Adolescent Suicidal Ideation: a Moderated Mediation Model of Hope and Depression

Prevention Science - Using data collected on a two-wave longitudinal sample of 910 adolescents with mean age of 13.68 years in Hong Kong, China, this survey aimed to test a moderated...     

双相情感障碍青少年患者社会支持、孤独感的相关研究

目的探讨双相情感障碍青少年患者社会支持、孤独感特点,以及两者对病情的影响,为制定相应的预防干预措施提供依据。方法随机选取某精神专科医院住院双相情感障碍青少年患者43例作为研究组进行调查,另随机选取某中学无精神病史学生54例作为对照组,调查内容包括人口学信息、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)评分和孤独感量表(UCLA LS)评分。结果研究组的领悟社会支持评分低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组的孤独感评分显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。97例样本中男生的领悟社会支持评分和孤独感评分均高于女生,但前者相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),后者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,在控制性别、年龄后,孤独感对双相情感障碍有显著预测作用,领悟社会支持对双相情感障碍无预测作用。结论双相情感障碍青少年患者的孤独感强,且孤独感是显著预测因素,建议医护人员给予针对性护理干预,改善患儿孤独感,缓解病情。     

社会工作理念与医患冲突调解机制的建立

社会工作作为一种综合性专业性的助人活动,其理念应用于医疗实践能以专业的价值观和科学的方法,通过提供各种辅导和服务,协助患者及其家属与医方进行有效的沟通,促使医疗技术和服务更人性化地满足患者的需要,从而构建和谐的医患关系。在此过程中,社会工作者针对医患关系发展的不同阶段,分别拓展出不同的工作策略,扮演不同的服务角色。     

大学生社交回避及苦恼与领悟社会支持状况分析

目的了解大学生社交回避及苦恼、领悟社会支持状况,探讨社会支持与社交回避及苦恼的关系,为大学生健康教育工作提供依据。方法采用领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、社交回避及苦恼量表(SAD)为调查工具,通过分层整群抽样,对河北师范大学1196名本科生进行调查。结果大学生的社交回避及苦恼(77.69±12.20)处中等偏下水平。领悟社会支持(62.84±11.78)处于中等偏上水平。在社交回避及苦恼方面,男生显著高于女生,二、三年级学生高于一、四年级学生,没有恋爱学生显著高于恋爱学生,非独生学生显著高于独生学生,农村学生显著高于城市学生;在领悟社会支持方面,男生显著低于女生,二、三年级学生低于一、四年级学生;文科生显著低于理科生,非独生显著高于独生学生;农村学生显著低于城市学生。性别和年级在社交苦恼因子、家内支持因子上均存在交互作用(P=0.026,0.001)。领悟社会支持与社交回避及苦恼呈显著负相关。结论大学生的社交回避及苦恼、领悟社会支持受性别、年级、专业、是否恋爱、是否独生、城乡来源等因素的影响,领悟社会支持是影响大学生社交回避及苦恼的个体内部心理因素。     

精神分裂症缓解期患者的孤独感及社会支持状况的研究

目的探讨精神分裂症缓解期患者的孤独感、社会支持状况及二者的相关关系,为对其进行必要的心理干预提供理论基础。方法采用问卷法,利用孤独量表及社会支持量表对92例精神分裂症缓解期患者和80例健康人进行调查分析。结果精神分裂症缓解期患者孤独感得分（40.30±9.41）,健康对照组孤独感得分（34.18±7.78）,差异有统计学意义;精神分裂症缓解期患者总社会支持得分（40.51±8.37）、客观支持得分（11.04±2.71）、主观支持得分（20.99±4.55）、支持利用度得分（8.51±2.33）,健康对照组总社会支持得分（44.14±8.53）、客观支持得分（11.96±2.77）、主观支持得分（22.84±5.06）、支持利用度得分（9.31±1.97）,差异均有统计学意义。精神分裂症缓解期患者的孤独感与总社会支持（R=-0.653）、客观支持（R=-0.441）、主观支持（R=-0.692）、支持利用度（R=-0.485）均呈负相关。结论精神分裂症缓解期患者的社会支持明显低于健康人,孤独感高于健康人,精神分裂症缓解期患者的孤独感与社会支持呈负相关,随社会支持的增多而降低。     

Vaccination Intention and Behavior of the General Public in China: Cross-sectional Survey and Moderated Mediation Model Analysis

BackgroundPromoting vaccination and eliminating vaccine hesitancy are key measures for controlling vaccine-preventable diseases.ObjectiveWe aimed to understand the beliefs surrounding and drivers of vaccination behavior, and their relationships with and influence on vaccination intention and practices.MethodsWe conducted a web-based survey in 31 provinces in mainland China from May 24, 2021 to June 15, 2021, with questions pertaining to vaccination in 5 dimensions: attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention, and behavior. We performed hierarchical regression analysis and structural equation modeling based on the theory of planned behavior—in which, the variables attitude, subjective norms, and intention each affect the variable intention; the variable intention mediates the relationships of attitude and subjective norms with behavior, and the variable perceived behavioral control moderates the strength of this mediation—to test the validity of the theoretical framework.ResultsA total of 9924 participants, aged 18 to 59 years, were included in this study. Vaccination intention mediated the relationships of attitude and subjective norms with vaccination behavior. The indirect effect of attitude on vaccination behavior was 0.164 and that of subjective norms was 0.255, and the difference was statistically significant (P<.001). The moderated mediation analysis further indicated that perceived behavioral control would affect the mediation when used as moderator, and the interaction terms for attitude (β=–0.052, P<.001) and subjective norms (β=–0.028, P=.006) with perceived behavioral control were significant.ConclusionsSubjective norms have stronger positive influences on vaccination practices than attitudes. Perceived behavioral control, as a moderator, has a substitution relationship with attitudes and subjective norms and weakens their positive effects on vaccination behavior.     

Pathway Linking Internet Health Information Seeking to Better Health: A Moderated Mediation Study

The Internet increasingly has been recognized as an important medium with respect to population health. However, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the potential impact of health-related Internet use on health outcomes. Based on the three-stage model of health promotion using interactive media, this study empirically tested a moderated mediation pathway model. Results showed that the effect of Internet health information seeking on three health outcomes (general, emotional, and physical) was completely mediated by respondents’ access to social support resources. In addition, users’ online health information seeking experience positively moderated this mediation path. The findings have significant theoretical and practical implications for the design of Internet-based health promotion resources to improve health outcomes.     

The Communicative Contexts of Elderly Social Support and Health: A Theoretical Model

Although interpersonal communication lies at the heart of social support processes, there has been very little recourse in this literature to the models and methods of the language and communication sciences. Communication accommodation theory is proposed here as an appropriate interactional model able to specify social support in action, its contextual and motivational antecedents, and its health outcomes. The model is related explicitly to themes in the rapidly expanding literature on elderly communication and intergenerational talk.     

Mother-Child Fantasy Play and Social Status of Young Children

The socialization basis for young children's capacity to engage in social fantasy play was investigated in relationship to children's social status. Children (age range: 54-80 months) of high and low social status were videotaped while engaged in fantasy play with their mothers. Extrapolating from a study by Connolly and Doyle (1984), it was expected that the high status dyads would produce fantasy play utterances in a larger amount and of a higher level of complexity than the low status dyads. The high status dyads were expected to be more characterized by positive affect and the low status dyads more by negative effect. With respect to emotional climate, the two status groups turned out to be different as expected. However, the expected differences with respect to amount and complexity of fantasy play utterances were not found. Results are discussed in relationship to mother-child and child-child interaction and to the role of fantasy play in the development of social skills.     

Clicking Health Risk Messages on Social Media: Moderated Mediation Paths Through Perceived Threat,Perceived Efficacy,and Fear Arousal

ABSTRACT

This study drew on appraisal theory to examine how fear appeal messages and individual coping styles combined to drive users’ intention to click (ITC) health risk messages on social media. A 2 × 2 × 2 mixed-design experiment was conducted, with threat and efficacy as between subject factors and message as the within subject factor. The results suggested that: (1) threat and efficacy message influenced ITC via the mediating effect of perceived threat, and perceived efficacy; (2) fear arousal was positively related to intention to click; (3) blunting style used by the participant suppressed fear arousal’s ability to mobilize ITC; and (4) monitoring style had a positive main effect on ITC. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

A Review of Selected School-Based Conflict Resolution and Peer Mediation Projects

ABSTRACT: Many U.S. schools are implementing curricula and other activities to reduce interpersonal violence among students. Most involve conflict resolution or peer mediation (CR/PM) training. Little is known about the effectiveness or manner of implementing these projects. This paper examines nine projects supported by four state health departments. Available data suggest some projects may modify youths' self-reported attitudes about violent behavior, improve school discipline, and reduce absenteeism. The review also revealed considerable variation in implementation, especially in the role of professionally trained consultants and amount of teacher and student training. More attention should be paid to evaluating CR/PM projects. Some data suggest they may contribute positively to community efforts to reduce violence among youth, but insufficient information exists to know which projects best serve which students, and how projects should be implemented. Until consensus emerges, project personnel should carefully assess the implementation and impact of their activities. Routinely collected data, such as disciplinary actions, can be used for evaluation, often with only minor modification.     

The Health Belief Model as an Explanatory Framework in Communication Research: Exploring Parallel,Serial, and Moderated Mediation

The Health Belief Model (HBM) posits that messages will achieve optimal behavior change if they successfully target perceived barriers, benefits, self-efficacy, and threat. While the model seems to be an ideal explanatory framework for communication research, theoretical limitations have limited its use in the field. Notably, variable ordering is currently undefined in the HBM. Thus, it is unclear whether constructs mediate relationships comparably (parallel mediation), in sequence (serial mediation), or in tandem with a moderator (moderated mediation). To investigate variable ordering, adults (N = 1,377) completed a survey in the aftermath of an 8-month flu vaccine campaign grounded in the HBM. Exposure to the campaign was positively related to vaccination behavior. Statistical evaluation supported a model where the indirect effect of exposure on behavior through perceived barriers and threat was moderated by self-efficacy (moderated mediation). Perceived barriers and benefits also formed a serial mediation chain. The results indicate that variable ordering in the Health Belief Model may be complex, may help to explain conflicting results of the past, and may be a good focus for future research.     

Teen Dating Violence,Sexual Harassment,and Bullying Among Middle School Students: Examining Mediation and Moderated Mediation by Gender

This longitudinal study tested whether sexual harassment perpetration mediates the relationship between bullying perpetration and teen dating violence (TDV) perpetration and tested moderated mediation by assessing whether the developmental pathway varies by gender among middle school-aged youth. Although TDV has been associated with bullying and sexual harassment, the developmental relationship among all three behaviors has rarely been examined, especially by gender. The data were collected from one cohort of seventh grade middle school students (N?=?612) from four schools. Students were surveyed every 6 months during seventh and eighth grades for a total of four waves of data collection. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to address the study aims, consisting of three stages: measurement models, mediation, and moderated mediation (otherwise known as Contrast of Mediated Effects). Results indicate no evidence of mediation. However, in the overall model, bullying and sexual harassment both emerged as significant predictors of TDV at a later time point. Among girls, only bullying significantly predicted TDV at a later time point, and, among boys, only sexual harassment significantly predicted TDV at a later time point. Prevention programs that target bullying and sexual harassment perpetration may reduce later perpetration of TDV. Further research is needed to disentangle the temporal relationships between these aggressive behaviors among youth.     

Intergenerational Transmission of Familial Boundary Dissolution: Observations and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adolescence

This study investigated the transmission of boundary dissolution (BD) in parent‐child relationships from parental behaviors observed in early childhood to adolescent behaviors observed at age 13 and relations to adolescent psychosocial adaptation. The goals of the study are (a) to examine the developmental relation of early childhood BD to several measures of adolescent BD observed in 13‐year‐olds' behavior, (b) to compare two types of BD in adolescence and their associations with early childhood BD and subsequent psychosocial outcomes, and (c) to test the mediating role of adolescent BD between early childhood BD and later adolescent functioning. Participants were drawn from a study of 196 children followed since birth. Two forms of adolescent BD, role equalization and sexualized behavior, were observed during parent‐adolescent structured interactions. Early BD childhood predicted observations of adolescent BD. Role equalization mediated relations to self‐worth and externalizing problems. Implications regarding multiple types of adolescent BD are discussed.     

Understanding Associations Between Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Negative Consequences of Drinking: a Moderated Mediation Analysis

We explored how neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) is related to negative consequences of drinking to explain why racial/ethnic minority group members are more at risk than Whites for adverse alcohol outcomes. We tested direct and indirect effects of neighborhood SES on alcohol problems and examined differences by gender and race. We used data from the 2000 and 2005 National Alcohol Surveys (N?=?7912 drinkers aged 18 and older; 49 % female) linked with data from the 2000 Decennial Census in multivariate path models adjusting for individual demographics. In the full sample, neighborhood disadvantage had a significant direct path to increased negative consequences, with no indirect paths through depression, positive affect or pro-drinking attitudes. Neighborhood affluence had significant indirect paths to increased negative consequences through greater pro-drinking attitudes and increased heavy drinking. Subgroup analyses showed the indirect path from affluence to consequences held for White men, with no effects of neighborhood disadvantage. For racial/ethnic minority men, significant indirect paths emerged from both neighborhood disadvantage and affluence to increased consequences through greater pro-drinking attitudes and more heavy drinking. For minority women, there was an indirect effect of neighborhood affluence through reduced depression to fewer drinking consequences. There were limited neighborhood effects on alcohol outcomes for White women. Interventions targeting pro-drinking attitudes in both affluent and disadvantaged areas may help reduce alcohol-related problems among men. Initiatives to improve neighborhood conditions could enhance mental health of minority women and reduce alcohol-related health disparities.     

Communication Competence,Social Support,and Depression Among College Students: A Model of Facebook and Face-to-Face Support Network Influence

Given the extensive use of the Internet for health information, Web-based health promotion interventions are widely perceived as an effective communication channel. The authors conducted this study to determine use of a Web-based intervention intended to improve colorectal cancer screening in a population of women who are at average risk and noncompliant to current screening recommendations. The study was a randomized controlled trial designed to compare the effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening educational materials delivered using the Internet versus a printed format. In 3 years, 391 women seen for routine obstetrics/gynecology follow-up at 2 academic centers provided relevant survey information. Of these, 130 were randomized to the Web intervention. Participants received voluntary access to a password-protected, study-specific Web site that provided information about colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer screening options. The main outcome measures were self-reported and actual Web site use. Only 24.6% of women logged onto the Web site. Age was the only variable that differentiated users from nonusers (p = .03). In contrast, 16% of participants self-reported Web use. There was significant discordance between the veracity of actual and self-reported use (p = .004). Among true users, most (81%) logged on once only. These findings raise questions about how to increase use of important health communication interventions.