复拇指畸形矫形术后继发畸形15例的临床治疗

目的探讨先天性复拇指畸形术后出现的继发畸形及处理方法。方法对15例先天性拇指多指畸形经矫形术后残留拇指偏斜,虎口狭窄,瘢痕挛缩,骨、软骨及骨骺残留,韧带及动力系统不均衡等继发性畸形的患者,进行切除异常残留骨、软骨组织,截骨矫形等重建拇指正常轴线;肌腱修复或转位等重建动力系统平衡;彻底松解挛缩的瘢痕组织、虎口开大等改善拇指的外形及功能的治疗。结果术后随访12-36个月,本组15例均保留拇指外形,且功能明显改善。结论先天性复拇指畸形早期矫形手术后继发畸形,与手术时机及方式的选择、术者操作水平等因素有关,再次有效地矫形手术能纠正畸形、改善拇指功能。     

先天性V型复拇指畸形的手术治疗体会

目的探讨先天性V型复拇指畸形的手术治疗方法及疗效。方法 2010年3月-2015年5月,收治12例先天性V型复拇指畸形患者。男7例,女5例;年龄1~25岁,平均8岁。左手4例,右手8例。桡侧为主型2例,尺侧为主型10例。7例赘生指基底远离腕掌关节,5例赘生指基底靠近腕掌关节(略尺偏1例)。X线片示主干拇指第1掌骨与大多角骨均对合良好,伴第1掌骨侧弯畸形2例。术前制定个体化治疗方案,作S形或Z形切口,切除赘生指,同时重建大鱼际肌止点或内收肌止点,必要时联合楔形截骨术矫形。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后12例均获随访,随访时间6~24个月,平均12个月。11例拇指外形、屈伸、对掌、外展功能均较术前改善,未出现瘢痕挛缩畸形、虎口区狭小及偏斜畸形等情况。1例虎口区略狭小,拇指外展不良,经再次"Z"字成形术后改善。末次随访时,根据中华医学会手外科分会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定患指功能:优10例,良1例,差1例;优良率91.7%。结论根据V型复拇指畸形情况制定个体化手术方案,可较好恢复拇指外形及功能。     

软组织矫形在先天性复拇指畸形矫治中的价值

目的 报告软组织矫形在先天性复拇指畸形(Wassel分型Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型)矫治中的疗效.方法 对78例83指按照Wassel分型属于Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型先天性复拇指畸形的患儿,在处理骨骼的同时对指伸、屈肌腱行松解和力线重建、侧副韧带重建、拇短展肌止点重建及利用废弃指轴型皮肤复合组织瓣修复残指外观等处理.术后随访观察拇指外形及功能恢复情况.结果 术后72例76指获得随访,6例7指失访,随访时间为6个月至5年,其中4例5指出现继发畸形,经再次手术矫形后,外观及功能恢复良好,其余71指术后拇指外观及功能均得到明显改善,优良率为93.4％.结论 在复拇指畸形的矫治中软组织综合矫治亦起着至关重要的作用.     

儿童Ⅵ～Ⅶ型复拇指畸形的显微外科组合治疗

目的探讨儿童先天性特殊类型Ⅵ～Ⅶ型复拇指畸形的显微外科组合治疗方法。方法 2009年3月-2016年7月,采用赘生拇指指血管神经蒂的指移位矫形主干拇指10例,其中9例赘生拇指掌骨一同切除,并重建拇内收肌止点。结果 10例术后均获3～24个月随访,外形改善,骨轴线正常,矫形拇指指体接近正常指,矫形拇指对指及外展功能正常。虎口开大4～6cm,矫形拇指感觉正常。结论通过显微外科的组合方法将主干拇指和赘生拇指合二为一,恢复矫形拇指和虎口外形及功能,是矫正先天性Ⅵ～Ⅶ型复拇指畸形的一种有效途径。     

带血管蒂漂浮指皮甲瓣转移矫正复拇指畸形

目的探讨带有漂浮指的先天性复拇指畸形的治疗方法。方法将带血管蒂的漂浮指皮甲瓣转移至存留拇指以矫正先天性复拇指畸形。结果2例患拇术后均存活，外形明显改善，并保持了拇指的伸屈功能及感觉。结论通过手术方法将外形基本正常但无功能的漂浮指与畸形但有功能的存留指合二为一，是矫正带漂浮指先天性复拇指畸形的一种有效途径。     

复拇指畸形治疗中骨关节的处理

目的 报告复拇指畸形治疗中骨关节的处理疗效.方法 对52例65指复拇指畸形的患者,针对不同类型,采用截骨关节矫形、侧副韧带肌腱修复重建和指套状瓣修复存留指等方法进行治疗,术后随访观察拇指关节外形和功能恢复情况.结果 术后随访到38例47指,随访时间为5个月至9年,其中4例4指术后出现不同程度的畸形,经过2次手术后,得到良好矫正.其余43指,术后拇指外形和功能均得到了明显改善,优良率为91.5%.结论 复拇指畸形治疗中,关节的处理是矫形手术的关键,如处理不当会导致术后继发性畸形.     

儿童先天性拇指多指畸形的手术时机及方法

目的 探讨儿童先天性拇指多指畸形的手术时机及方法.方法 对2007年12月至2012年2月进行手术治疗的132例154指先天性拇指多指畸形的临床资料进行回顾性分析.男性85例,女性47例;年龄2个月至13岁,平均(1.53±2.47)岁.所有患者术前均进行详细专科检查和影像学评估,根据患儿年龄、Wassel分型及畸形程度制订个体化的手术方案,包括单纯多指切除术,合并各种皮瓣成形、肌腱移位(移植)、韧带重建、关节囊修复等矫形手术,11例6岁以上的患儿酌情行截骨矫形术.结果 132倒154指中104例117指获得随访,时间为6～55个月,平均36.7个月,根据改良Tada评分进行评估,优77指,良21指,中15指,差4指;3指术后2年出现继发性成角畸形,1指术后3年掌指关节桡侧残留骨骺,再次手术后外形及功能基本恢复正常.结论 先天性拇指多指畸形的手术时机应根据拇指骨化中心出现时间而定,Wassel Ⅰ、Ⅱ型手术选择在1岁6个月远节指骨骨化中心出现后,Ⅲ、Ⅳ型则选择在1岁近节指骨骨化中心出现后,而Ⅴ、Ⅵ型选择在2岁6个月掌骨骨化中心出现后,Ⅶ型可选择在2岁6个月后进行;手术方法应遵循个体化治疗原则,侧副韧带、肌腱及关节囊重建、矫正尺偏(或桡偏)畸形是手术重点.     

先天性拇指多指畸形的治疗

目的:探讨先天性拇指多指畸形治疗方法及时机。方法:①发育较小的均等型多指,采用Bilhaut-Cloquert氏法是将末节掌侧、背侧皮肤、指甲和指骨以楔状切除后再缝合的方法,肌腱止点与共同的远侧指间关节囊同样做相应切除。当保留指大小是健侧2/3以上时,采用将多指的指甲、甲床、指骨切除,保留适当大小的皮瓣,与保留拇指组合,改进拇指形状。②对于不均等型的拇指多指,保留指大小是健侧拇指的75%以上时,可单纯切除多指。保留指大小是健侧的65%以上时,则只能切除多指的指甲、甲床和指骨,保留皮瓣,增宽保留指的宽度,以改进外形。③近节、掌骨型的多指畸形,要重建大鱼肌止点,保留恢复拇指的对掌功能。④关节型,要注意重建侧侧副韧带;伸、屈肌腱异常时可行肌腱移位术;虎口狭窄可行“Z”字成形术。⑤掌骨成对型,将发育良好的尺侧拇指带血管神经蒂移位于桡骨上,用保留的切除指皮瓣扩大和改进拇指的外形。⑥三节指拇指,将一侧指从带血管神经蒂的移植方法移位至切除指的残端。通过肌腱移植来重建手指屈伸功能。在切除多指后,还需做指间关节切除和内固定术。本组治疗共23例,男12例,女11例。左手8例,右手9例,双手6例。结果:多指畸形的早期疗效比较满意,但随着患儿的发育,继发畸形也并不少见。本组由4例,在术后3～11年作了二期矫形、重建手术。其中虎口挛缩畸形1例,行Z字成形术。拇指对掌功能障碍2例,用肌腱移位重建对掌功能,伸指功能障碍1例,行示指伸腱移位术。结论:对简单型多指,出生后6～8个月手术较好;对有严重畸形、组织缺损的复杂多指,在1岁后行多指切除,组织移植或移位,功能重建等手术,并应定期复查直至发育停止期。对于有可能损伤骨骺的手术和影响手指生长的骨融合术,应等到患儿10岁以后再进行手术。有些病例如果第1次手术处理不当,或复发者,可进行二次手术。     

M形皮瓣在儿童Wassel Ⅳ型复拇指畸形合并虎口狭窄矫形术中的应用

目的总结儿童Wassel Ⅳ型复拇指畸形合并虎口狭窄矫形术中应用M形皮瓣修复创面的疗效。方法 2010年5月—2018年12月,收治10例Wassel Ⅳ型复拇指畸形合并虎口狭窄患儿。男7例,女3例;年龄1～5岁,平均1.9岁。轻度虎口挛缩5例,中度5例。术中切除桡侧指体并开大虎口后,应用M形皮瓣修复创面。结果术后皮瓣均成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。患儿均获随访,随访时间8～15个月,平均12个月。患儿家属对拇指外形满意,拇指对掌及对指功能良好,虎口未进一步挛缩。末次随访时,根据改良Tada评分标准,获优9例、良1例,优良率100%。结论儿童Wassel Ⅳ型复拇指畸形合并虎口狭窄矫形术中,采用M形皮瓣修复重建虎口,操作简便,不增加额外损伤,疗效满意。     

先天性分裂手畸形的手术治疗

目的 介绍治疗Ⅰ～Ⅲ型先天性分裂手畸形(Manske-Halikis分型法)的手术方法.方法 2005年3月至2010年7月,手术治疗Ⅰ～Ⅲ型先天性分裂手畸形共8例(9侧),另有分型外的特殊类型2例.其中采用Barsky法治疗Ⅰ型2例,Barsky法联合虎口开大全厚皮片植皮治疗ⅡB型1例,Ueba法治疗ⅡB型1例,Snow-Littler法治疗Ⅲ型3例,Ueba法治疗Ⅲ型1例2侧,术后早期虎口开大支具固定,并逐渐调整,持续固定8～ 12周.另有分型外的特殊类型2例,采用皮瓣转移、第五掌骨截骨小指移位固定第4或第3掌骨手术.结果 8例Ⅰ～Ⅲ型先天性分裂手畸形中,6例术后获得1～6年的随访(2例失访),裂口矫正后重建指蹼接近正常,外形满意.虎口角度为70°～90°,拇指可与其他手指对指,患手恢复了抓捏功能.2例特殊类型分裂手畸形的患儿,手掌的外形取得了明显的改善,小指功能不尽满意.结论 治疗先天性分裂手畸形的关键是通过皮瓣转移和骨转移来矫正裂开畸形和虎口重建,选择Snow-Littler法治疗Ⅲ型分裂手,可达到理想的外形和功能.     

先天性拇指疾病的疗效分析

目的：介绍先天性拇指疾病的治疗效果。方法：1988年起,对56例先天性拇多指畸形,先天性拇板机指及先天性拇巨指症进行手术治疗。采用拇指赘生指切除、副指皮瓣转移,多拇残端修整术治疗拇多指畸形;巨指截指及整形术治疗巨指症;增厚狭窄腱鞘切除术治疗先天性拇板机指。结果：术后随访2－10年。（1）先天性拇指多指畸形：主干拇指外形改善,拇外展充分,对指功能良好。（2）拇指板机指：拇指伸屈自如,发育满意。（3）先天性巨指症1例：示、中指巨指切除,拇指远节截除,近节缩短整形,术后外形欠佳。结论：先天性拇指多指畸形应根据具体情况选择手术方式,以改善畸形、恢复拇指功能。先天性板机指明确诊断手术疗效佳。先天性巨指症采用截指方法较为理想。     

复合组织移位组合重建术在复杂性多拇畸形治疗中的应用

目的 评价复合组织移位组合重建术在复杂性多拇畸形治疗中的疗效.方法 2001年9月至2019年2月北京积水潭医院手外科收治多拇畸形64例,平均年龄2.7(1～20)岁,均为桡侧指近端发育可,远端发育不良,而尺侧指远端外形美观,近端发育不良的病例.WasselⅣ 型6例、WasselⅤ型1例、WasselⅥ 型典型者9例...     

Triphalangeal Thumb with Polydactyly: An Alternative Surgical Method

Triphalangeal thumb (TPT) is congenital hand anomaly which a thumb consists of three phalanges. Thumb appearance can differ widely; the thumb can be longer than usual or it can be deviated in the radio-ulnar plane. Thumb strength and function can be significantly diminished. The goals of surgical treatment are to reduce the elongated thumb length, establish normal thumb function, maintain a stable joint and improve thumb position if necessary. In general, surgical treatment is performed for improvement of thumb function. The case presented here had a TPT with pre-axial polydactyly. The TPT was well developed but it had no movement at the proximal or distal interphalangeal joints. The rudimentary thumb had a well-developed and functioning interphalangeal (IP) joint. So as an alternative surgical technique we planned to transfer the functioning IP joint of rudimentary thumb to the TPT.     

应用外固定延长技术治疗虎口挛缩

目的 探讨应用外固定延长技术治疗虎口挛缩的手术方法及疗效.方法 2002年8月至2006年10月,使用外固定延长技术治疗虎口挛缩56例,40例有完整随访资料.男35例,女5例;年龄18～52岁,平均34岁;右手26例,左手14例.损伤原因:创伤性30例,烧伤性10例.依照顾玉东虎口挛缩分类方法(1986年):中度挛缩25例,重度挛缩15例.拇指再造后2例.方法采用局麻或臂丛神经阻滞麻醉,在第一、二掌骨颈附近打人固定针,于掌骨间安放B-46型Orthofix微型外固定架.术后次日开始延长,每天1mm,分早、晚两次进行,延长至固定架的最大限度,时间为3～4周.反复延长3次,后两次时间各为1周,最后维持在最大外展位2周.记录末次随访时虎口开大程度.结果 40例患者获得随访,随访时间3～6个月,平均4个月.掌侧拇外展角度平均增大20°,拇指指间关节尺侧和示指掌指关节桡侧间距平均增加2.5cm.术后5例出现针道感染,4例发生第一腕掌关节半脱位,4例发生近节指骨尺偏畸形.结论 使用外固定延长技术治疗虎口挛缩,方法简单,手术一次完成,治疗结果满意.     

Abnormal triangular epiphysis causing angular deformity of the thumb

PURPOSE: To present a triangular-shaped abnormal secondary ossification center of the distal phalanx causing angular deformity of the thumb and the surgical outcome of corrective closing-wedge osteotomy for this deformity. METHODS: We treated 6 patients with abnormal triangular epiphysis in the distal phalanx of the thumb, including 3 bilateral cases. The average age was 43 months and there were 2 boys and 4 girls. Of the 9 thumbs intraepiphyseal closing-wedge osteotomy was performed in 5 and proximal phalangeal closing-wedge osteotomy was performed in 4. We measured the deformities in degrees of angulation and the range of motion of the interphalangeal (IP) joint. The average duration of the follow-up period was 27 months after the surgery. RESULTS: Preoperative angular deformity of ulnar deviation averaged 30 degrees , which was reduced to an average of 12 degrees after osteotomy at the last follow-up assessment. All osteotomies healed and there was no evidence of physeal or articular damage. Interphalangeal joint range of motion did not decrease after surgery in all cases. Patients and parents were satisfied with the results of the surgery, although mild deformity persisted in the interphalangeal joint when in the flexed position after proximal phalangeal osteotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal triangular epiphysis causing angled thumb is different from delta bone and can be treated with either intraepiphyseal or proximal phalangeal closing-wedge osteotomy. The intraepiphyseal procedure, however, could achieve better deformity correction regardless of the interphalangeal joint position. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, Level IV.     

Thumb polydactyly: clinical outcome after reconstruction

PURPOSE. To evaluate clinical and cosmetic outcomes of reconstruction in thumb polydactyly and prognostic value of the Wassel classification. METHODS. Between 1993 and 2000 inclusive, out of the patients with thumb polydactyly (involving 80 thumbs) operated on, 34 patients (36 thumbs) were available for review and underwent clinical and radiological assessment. Outcomes in terms of the Tada score and complications were recorded. RESULTS. The mean age of patients at the time of operation was 2.8 (range, 0.6-47) years. The mean follow-up period was 5 (range, 2.4-10) years. According to the Wassel classification, 12 were type-II thumb polydactyly, 3 type-III, 11 type-IV, 6 type-V, one type-VI, and 3 type-VII. There was no perioperative mortality or wound infection. More than 88% of the patients were satisfied or very satisfied with functional and cosmetic outcomes. Postoperative complications such as scar hypertrophy, pulp atrophy, joint deformity, and instability were common but minor. Ridge nail deformity after the Bilhaut Cloquet procedure was amenable to secondary corrective procedures. All types of operated thumb polydactyly achieved similar mean Tada scores (14.7- 16.6 out of 20). The Wassel classification category, age, and surgical procedures were found to have no prognostic value with regard to the Tada score and presence of complications. CONCLUSION. Surgery on thumb polydactyly is rewarding. The Wassel classification category can be used as a guide for treatment, although it fails to predict the occurrence of postoperative complications or Tada scores. Our patients' results can serve as guidelines of expected outcomes after reconstructive procedures in different sub-types of thumb polydactyly.     

Surgical treatment of advanced congenital scoliosis with the C-D method]

The paper presents the results of surgical treatment of 15 cases of congenital scolisios with CD instrumentation. Progression of the deformity was most often seen in cases with combined deformities (according to the McMaster classification). Indications for surgical treatment were progression of the curvature and trunk and thorax deformity progression, particularly during the growth spurt. The age at the time of surgery ranged from 10.3 to 16 years (average: 13.8 years). Follow-up period ranged from 2 to 8 years (average: 4 years). Intraoperative deformity correction ranged from 0 to 60% (average 32%). Loss of correction during follow up ranged from 0 to 3%. The overall silhouette improvement was a result of correction of the spine curvature, correction of thoracic hyperkiphosis and a decrease of trunk decompensation. The only complications noted were 3 cases of transient neurological symptoms from the lower extremities. Preoperative MRI allows detection of congenital deformities of the spinal canal, a contraindication for surgical correction of the deformity with spinal implants.     

Correction of syndactyly using a dorsal separated V-Y advancement flap and a volar triangular flap in adults

Skin grafts and local flaps are conventional methods of repair for congenital syndactyly, but the results obtained are not always as functional and aesthetic as desired and frequently leave postoperative scars and residual syndactyly. In this article, we describe a new surgical technique for web reconstruction in the correction of simple, incomplete syndactyly. The technique consists of a dorsal separated V-Y advancement flap and a volar triangular flap to cover the newly created web space, thus avoiding skin graft in this space. In all, 15 web spaces in 10 patients were treated using this method. A follow-up period of 6 months to 2 years showed neither recurrence of the deformity nor web creep of any degree. The technique is rapid, safe, easily performed, and reproducible and requires a single surgical procedure. It uses donor tissue identical in color, texture, and thickness, which renders acceptable cosmesis in cases of simple, incomplete syndactyly, therefore, avoiding the use of skin grafts and resulting postoperative scar contracture in the web space.