老年肝硬化患者幽门螺杆菌感染对血氨浓度的影响

目的　探讨老年肝硬化患者幽门螺杆菌 (Hp)感染情况及其对血氨浓度的影响。方法　 65例老年肝硬化患者分别测定 Hp感染情况及空腹血氨浓度 ,给予降氨治疗。对于降氨治疗血氨下降不明显者加用根除 Hp治疗方案后再次测定血氨。结果　老年肝硬化 Hp阳性者空腹血氨较Hp阴性者显著升高 (P<0 .0 1 ) ;根除 Hp后 ,血氨浓度显著下降 (P<0 .0 1 )。结论　抗 Hp治疗可能有助于老年肝硬化患者预防及治疗高氨血症以及由此诱发的肝性脑病及亚临床肝性脑病。     

幽门螺杆菌感染对肝硬化患者血氨浓度的影响

探讨肝硬化患者幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与血氨的关系,及根除性治疗Hp对血氨的影响。84例肝硬化高血氨患者,分为Hp阳性组51例,阴性组33例。两组都给予支链氨基酸、乳果糖、基础护肝治疗两周,治疗前后分别测空腹静脉血氨。随后将Hp阳性组随机分两组,A组26例,应用三联疗法治疗一周;B组25例,奥美拉唑治疗一周,治疗结束一个月后复查血氨。发现阳性组的血氨与阴性组相比有显著差异(P＜0．01)。阳性组不同肝功能分级组血氨浓度之间有显著差异(P＜0．01);阴性组则否。Hp阴性组治疗前后血氨浓度变化差异有显著性(P＜0．01),阳性组则无显著差异。根除Hp治疗后血氨明显下降(P＜0．01),而用洛赛克治疗后血氨轻度升高,但无统计学意义。说明Hp感染与肝硬化患者血氨升高有密切相关性,根除Hp的治疗能有效降低血氨。     

幽门螺杆菌感染对肝硬化患者高氨血症的影响

目的观察肝硬化患者合并幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与高氨血症的关系。方法采用尿素酶快速试验(RUT),14C-尿素呼气试验(14C-UBT)和血清抗Hp抗体测定,对64例肝硬化患者行幽门螺杆菌检测和血氨测定。对Hp阳性者给予根除治疗后复查血氨,比较根除治疗前后血氨浓度。结果肝硬化患者Hp感染率为67.2%,在根除Hp治疗后血氨浓度明显下降,与根除前相比差异有显著性(P<0.05);Hp阳性者与Hp阴性者血氨浓度比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论Hp感染可导致肝硬化患者血氨升高,根除Hp后可使血氨水平明显下降。     

幽门螺杆菌感染对肝硬化血氨浓度的影响

目的探讨根除幽门螺杆菌(Hp)对肝硬化患者血氨浓度的影响。方法将32例肝硬化患者分为Hp阴性组(E组)12例,Hp阳性组20例(将其分为F组9例,G组11例)。E、F两组行护肝、降血氨标准化治疗,G组在此基础上行Hp根除治疗,疗程1周,治疗前后分别测空腹血氨浓度。结果①32例肝硬化患者Hp阳性20例,Hp感染率62.5%;②治疗前Hp阳性组和阴性组血氨浓度比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);③治疗前不同肝功能Ch ild-Pugh分级与血氨浓度呈明显正相关(P<0.01);④治疗后E、F、G三组血氨浓度比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);⑤三组治疗前后血氨浓度有统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论根除治疗并未使Hp阳性的肝硬化患者血氨浓度进一步降低,提示Hp感染可能与肝硬化高氨血症无明显相关。     

胃内pH值对肝硬化伴幽门螺杆菌感染患者血氨的影响

目的研究胃内pH值对肝硬化伴幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染患者血氨的影响.方法对37例Hp阳性的肝硬化患者及40例Hp阴性的肝硬化患者,测定基础血氨后,静脉注奥美拉唑针40 mg,同时动态监测胃内pH值的变化,待胃内pH＞6 且持续1 h后,复测血氨.结果Hp阴性与阳性肝硬化患者的基础血氨水平差异无显著性(P＞0.05).胃内pH升高后,发现Hp阴性的肝硬化患者及Hp阳性的肝硬化Child-Pugh A级患者,血氨水平与实验前差异无显著性(P＞0.05).Hp阳性的肝硬化Child-Pugh B、Child-Pugh C级患者血氨水平较前明显升高,分别由 26.33±6.49 μmol/L、35.30±10.25 μmol/L升高至35.80±6.25 μmol/L、52.20±17.01 μmol/L,差异有非常显著性意义(P＜0.01).结论肝功能状况和胃内pH值是影响Hp感染肝硬化患者血氨水平的两个重要因素.     

肝硬化患者幽门螺杆菌感染对血氨的影响

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌(HP)对肝硬化患者高血氨的作用以及根除治疗对血氨的影响。方法100例肝硬化高血氨患者,分为HP阳性组58例,阴性组42例。两组都给予口服乳果糖15mg,3次/日等一般治疗一周,治疗前后分别测空腹静脉血氨。随后将HP阳性组随机分两组,A组30例,以奥美拉唑20mg,2次/日,阿莫西林1.0,2次/日,替硝唑1.0,2次/日,疗程一周;B组28例,奥美拉唑20mg,2次/日×一周,治疗结束及一个月后测空腹静脉血氨(血氨正常值为<75μmol/L)。结果100例高血氨患者中HP阳性58例(58%),肝硬化HP阳性组血氨浓度103.4±9.1μmol/L,高于HP阴性组血氨浓度80.6±16.9μmol/L,P<0.05。经一般治疗后HP阳性组血氨浓度为99.8±18.6μmol/L,与治疗前比较P>0.05,而HP阴性组血氨浓度为41.5±13.7μmol/L,与治疗前比较P<0.01。根除HP治疗后血氨55.6±18.9μmol/L,明显下降(P<0.01),而用洛赛克治疗后血氨轻度升高,但无统计学意义。结论HP感染可使肝功能异常的肝硬化患者血氨升高,根除HP治疗能有效降低血氨。故对肝硬化失代偿期或疑有早期肝性脑病者,应明确是否合并HP感染并及时根除治疗。     

幽门螺杆菌感染对高氨血症和肝性脑病发病的影响

目的了解幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染和血氨水平、肝性脑病(HE)发病的关系,并探讨根除Hp对血氨水平和HE发生的影响。方法2003年7月-2005年1月在浙江省5个地区收集肝硬化住院患者,记录患者的一般资料、数字连接试验结果、Hp感染情况、肝功能Child-Pugh分级、血氨水平和HE情况。Hp(+)患者予“奥美拉唑+克拉霉素+替硝唑”1周根除治疗,1个月后查~(14)C尿素呼气试验,并记录患者的神经精神症状和血氨水平。结果(1)共收集肝硬化住院患者457例,Hp感染率60．6%,HE发生率47．5%。检出亚临床肝性脑病(SHE)患者55例,SHE占未发生HE肝硬化患者的47．0%(55/117)。(2)Hp(+)和Hp(-)肝硬化患者血氨浓度分别为(78．4±63．6)μmoL/L和(53．8±51．4)μmol/L(P＜0．01);根除Hp后血氨显著下降至(53．5±37．7)μmol/L(P＜0．01)。Hp(+)和Hp(-)肝硬化患者HE发生率差异有统计学意义(58．5%比30．6%,P＜0．01);根除Hp后HE发生率下降至34．1%(P＜0．01)。(3)HE、SHE和肝硬化患者的Hp感染率分别为74．4%、69．1%和53．2%(P＜0．05)。三组患者的血氨水平分别为(94．5±75．6)μmol/L、(59．9±49．2)μmol/L和(47．3±33．5)μmol/L(P＜0．05)。结论Hp感染是引起肝硬化高氨血症和并发HE的重要因素,根除Hp有利于治疗和预防HE的发生。     

三联疗法根治幽门螺杆菌感染对肝硬化患者血氨浓度的影响

幽门螺杆菌（Hp）是慢性胃炎的主要病因，是引起消化性溃疡，胃黏膜相关淋巴瘤及胃癌等严重危及人类健康疾病的重要病因之一。幽门螺杆菌感染在肝硬化患者中，胃中Hp产生的氨有可能促使肝硬化患者血氨升高。我们对根治Hp对肝硬化患者血氨浓度的影响进行探讨。     

肝硬化患者幽门螺杆菌感染后血氨的变化

幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)被公认是许多消化性疾病的重要致病因子,关于Hp感染与肝硬化高氨血症关系的研究已是热点之一。本文通过观察Hp感染的肝炎性肝硬化患者Hp根除治疗前后血氨浓度的变化,探讨幽门螺杆菌感染与肝硬化血氨浓度及其与肝功能的关系。资料与方法一般资料48例住院患者(男34例,女14例),年龄32~75岁,平均52岁。经病史、临床表现、实验室检查、B超或CT及胃镜检查,均确诊为肝炎后肝硬化。肝功能Child-Pugh分级,A级16例、B级15例、C级17例。既往均无酗酒及血吸虫感染史。入院前4周内均未行抗Hp治疗。方法①Hp感染…     

根除幽门螺杆菌对肝硬化患者血氨和脑电图变化的临床观察

目的 探讨肝硬化患者的幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染情况并观察根除Hp后肝硬化患者血氨和脑电图的变化.方法 确诊的肝硬化患者52例,经胃镜或14C尿素呼气试验明确Hp感染情况,对Hp阳性者进行Hp根除治疗(一周标准三联疗法),方案为奥美拉唑40 mg/d,克拉霉素1.0 g/d,阿莫西林2.0 g/d,停药4周后复查12C尿素呼气试验,转阴性者判断为Hp根除,记录根除治疗前后血氨和脑电图情况.结果 Hp阳性者血氨水平83.04±20.81 mmol/L及脑电图异常发生率为86.1%,均明显高于Hp阴性者(P＜0.01＜);根除Hp后血氨水平49.10±9.80 mmol/L及脑电图异常发生率3.1%,均明显下降(P＜0.01).结论 Hp感染是引起肝硬化患者高血氨及脑电图异常的重要原因之一.根除Hp有助于治疗和预防肝性脑病.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.