应用瓦合瓣修复腭裂术后穿孔的临床效果评价

目的：探讨瓦合瓣在腭裂术后穿孔修补术中的临床应用效果。方法：23例腭裂术后穿孔病例,以瓦合瓣修复。结果：术后腭部外形良好,无1例复裂出现。结论：瓦合瓣修复腭裂术后穿孔能达到良好的临床效果,为腭裂术后穿孔修补提供了一种有效的方法。     

单侧完全唇腭裂同期修复的几个问题探讨

目的 探讨单侧完全唇腭裂同期修复方法的问题。方法 使用高频电刀切开腭部粘－骨膜瓣、切断腭腱膜及去队箭腭部翻转瓣粘膜上皮,三瓣法修复腭裂,瓦合瓣法修复鼻前庭裂,化匝肌功能性重建加五瓣法修复唇裂。结果 全部病例均有不输血的情况下一期完成,切口均愈合良好,形态及功能满意。结论 该方法简单、衫和、是单侧完全唇裂同期修复的一种较较好方法。     

双侧上颌磨牙间横向结扎固定治疗上颌骨及腭骨矢状骨折

目的 探讨上颌骨及腭骨矢状骨折的治疗方法,评价上颌磨牙间横向环状结扎联合犁状孔缘坚强内固定对上颌骨和腭骨矢状骨折的疗效,以进一步提高面中部骨折的治疗水平.方法 回顾性研究2005年1月至2011年1月就诊于中国医科大学附属口腔医院的79例上颌骨及腭骨矢状骨折病例.根据骨折移位程度、咬牙 合情况及伤后至就诊时间等因素选择手术治疗或非手术治疗.手术治疗采用双侧上颌磨牙间横向环状结扎恢复上颌牙弓宽度,并联合应用微型钛板于上颌骨犁状孔缘完成上颌骨和腭骨矢状骨折的固定.结果 本组患者中,75例随访3～6个月,治疗效果稳定.73例(占97.33%)患者术后咬牙合关系恢复较好,1例术后出现咬牙合无力,1例术后出现单侧咬牙 合不良.结论 采用双侧上颌磨牙间横向结扎固定,可以使上颌骨及腭骨矢状骨折恢复至正常咬牙合关系,达到理想的治疗效果.     

Furlow法联合双侧松弛切口修复腭裂术后软腭复裂畸形

目的:探讨采用Furlow法整复腭裂术后软腭复裂的效果.方法:选2003年～2007年间我科收治的腭裂术后复裂患者,对其中8例软腭复裂的患者采用Furlow法联合双侧松弛切口进行修复.结果:8例患者伤口均愈合良好,未见腭部穿孔或伤口裂开.术后1月复诊,腭中部伤口及双侧松弛切口愈合良好,腭咽闭合功能得到明显改善,效果良好.结论:Furlow法联合双侧松弛切口整复腭裂术后软腭复裂是一种有效的手术方法.     

Sommerlad腭帆提肌重建联合带蒂颊脂垫瓣在完全性腭裂修复中的应用

目的 探讨一种对上颌骨发育影响较小,且能有效降低腭瘘发生率的功能性腭裂修补术。方法 自2013年起,采用Sommerlad腭帆提肌重建联合带蒂颊脂垫瓣修补38例腭裂患者。结果 所有患者均一期愈合,均无腭瘘发生。术后随访1~2年,患者语音清晰度满意。结论 Sommerlad腭帆提肌重建联合带蒂颊脂垫瓣,可有效降低腭瘘的发生率,远期腭咽闭合良好,避免了裸露骨面对上颌骨生长发育的影响,是一种值得推荐的功能性腭裂修复术。     

腭部黏膜下组织瓣在口腔上颌窦瘘修复中的效果观察

目的评价腭部黏膜下组织瓣在口腔上颌窦瘘修复中的效果。方法对12例口腔上颌窦瘘患者，采用腭部黏膜下组织瓣修复缺损。结果术后创口均愈合良好，黏膜下结缔组织瓣修复区及腭部供区黏膜颜色、光滑度及质地均恢复良好。结论腭部黏膜下组织瓣能有效地修复口腔上颌窦瘘，术后无明显供区并发症发生。     

两种手术方法修复不完全性腭裂的临床效果比较

目的:比较Sommerlad腭帆提肌重建术与Von Langenbeck法修复不完全腭裂的临床效果方法:143例不完全性腭裂患者接受手术修复,其中54例(年龄1~6岁,平均2.6岁)行Sommerlad腭帆提肌重建术修复(T1组)、89例(1~8岁,平均3.2岁)行Von Langenbeck法修复(T2组),术后1~4周随诊,采用临床回顾性研究的方法比较两组术后体温、出血、感染、进食、腭部穿孔率。结果:T1组平均术中出血量约18.6ml,T2组术中血量约34.2ml(P0.01);T1组术后1例感染,5例发热,1例继发性出血;T2组术后4例感染,21例发热,3例继发性出血(P0.05);T1组腭部穿孔3例,T2组腭部穿孔4例,两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:Sommerlad腭帆提肌重建术修复腭裂创伤小、术后并发症较少,推荐临床应用。     

游离前臂皮瓣与钛网联合修复上颌骨缺损

目的观察游离前臂皮瓣与钛网联合修复上颌骨缺损的临床效果.方法 2002年1月～2002年11月,对3例上颌牙龈癌、1例腭部黏液表皮样癌和1例上颌窦癌分别行上颌骨次全切除或全切除术,术后遗留上颌骨缺损用 4 cm×5 cm～6 cm×7 cm大小的游离前臂皮瓣与钛网联合修复.术后通过临床检查、CT和鼻内窥镜检查评价其效果. 结果 5例患者均获5～15个月随访,无肿瘤复发,移植皮瓣全部成活,面部外形及牙槽突和腭部形态恢复良好,鼻腔面钛网被软组织覆盖,语言和吞咽功能恢复良好.其中2例已行可摘局部义齿修复. 结论游离前臂皮瓣和钛网联合应用是上颌骨缺损较理想的修复方法.     

单侧手术早期修复腭裂

目的　为了使腭裂患儿在行腭裂修复术后具有正常的语言功能 ,又不影响面上颌骨发育。方法　笔者从1992～ 1998年收治 2 0例 1岁以内的Ⅲ度腭裂患儿 ,采用在患侧 (单侧腭裂 )或一侧 (双侧腭裂 )形成黏骨膜瓣的单侧手术早期修复腭裂。结果　术后未发现腭瘘 ,语言功能良好。近期随访观察未发生面上颌骨发育异常。结论　单侧手术对腭部的损伤较小、手术时间短、出血少 ,尤其适用于腭裂患儿的早期手术 ,对面上颌骨发育干扰小。早期手术利于患儿形成正常语言功能。     

单侧手术早期修复腭裂

目的为了使腭裂患儿在行腭裂修复术后具有正常的语言功能,又不影响面上颌骨发育.方法笔者从1992～1998年收治20例1岁以内的Ⅲ度腭裂患儿,采用在患侧(单侧腭裂)或一侧(双侧腭裂)形成黏骨膜瓣的单侧手术早期修复腭裂.结果术后未发现腭瘘,语言功能良好.近期随访观察未发生面上颌骨发育异常.结论单侧手术对腭部的损伤较小、手术时间短、出血少,尤其适用于腭裂患儿的早期手术,对面上颌骨发育干扰小.早期手术利于患儿形成正常语言功能.     

Elimination of palatal fistula after the maxillary swing procedure

BACKGROUND: The maxillary swing procedure has been used as an anterolateral approach to expose the nasopharynx, the central skull base, and its vicinity. The reported incidence of postoperative palatal fistula has ranged from 20% to 25%. The oronasal incompetence especially associated with a large fistula has adversely affected normal speech, eating, and swallowing functions. We describe a modified palatal incision to reduce the incidence of palatal fistula associated with the maxillary swing procedure. METHODS: Fifteen consecutive patients who underwent maxillary swing procedures for salvage resection of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy had the modified palatal incision. The flap was raised as described, and the outcome was analyzed. RESULTS: Fourteen patients' palatal wound healed uneventfully. One patient experienced partial flap necrosis, which healed with conservative treatment. All 15 patients tolerated oral feeding 1 week after the surgery. No palatal fistulas occurred. CONCLUSION: The modified palatal incision as described has effectively prevented palatal fistula formation after the maxillary swing procedure.     

Repair of large, anterior palatal fistulas using thin tongue flaps: long-term follow-up of 10 patients

Anteriorly based, thin tongue flaps were used in 10 patients to close large, anterior palatal fistulas. All 10 flaps (100%) survived, and complete closure was obtained in all patients, with the exception of a recurrent fistula that occurred in 1 patient during maxillary expansion (10%). Another patient (10%) demonstrated postoperative bleeding that required formal hemostasis under general anesthesia. No other complications were encountered. The results of this series indicate that the tongue flap is a safe technique for closure of large, anterior palatal fistulas. This thin, long flap is also reliable for orthodontic maxillary expansion.     

个性化手术方案在口腔上颌窦瘘修复中的临床应用

目的探讨个性化手术方案在口腔上颌窦瘘修复中的应用疗效和意义。方法回顾性分析2006年5月~2013年9月我院手术治疗的31例口腔上颌窦瘘患者的临床资料。根据瘘孔的大小及边缘炎症情况、上颌窦内炎症程度选择不同的手术修复方法:对瘘孔直径7 mm的17例患者,采用双层组织瓣重叠修复:用龈粘骨膜瓣翻转缝合封闭瘘孔作为内层衬里,适度降低牙槽嵴后,用游离松解的颊、腭侧粘骨膜瓣覆盖于龈粘骨膜瓣上作为表层间断缝合。对瘘孔直径7~25 mm的9例患者,采用三层组织瓣重叠修复,即在双层组织瓣间夹用带血管蒂颊脂垫组织瓣。对瘘孔直径25 mm以上的5例患者,采用带血管蒂的全腭瓣或额瓣旋转覆盖瘘孔缝合修复。对患侧并发严重上颌窦炎的9例患者采用功能性鼻窦内窥镜术:经中鼻道上颌窦自然开口扩大开放、病灶清除引流术后再修复口腔上颌窦瘘孔。结果术后72 h去除口腔反包扎碘仿油纱后见切口边缘有白色假膜,术后第12 d拆除表层缝线切口无裂开。本组31例患者均获随访,时间1~6个月。采用双层组织瓣重叠修复法的1例小瘘孔患者复发,3个月后再手术行三层组织瓣重叠修复治愈;1例采用带血管蒂额瓣修复瘘孔的患者因皮瓣远端与软腭交界处缝合时有张力致术后缝线局部脱落,经碘仿砂条换药治愈;其余病例均一次性修复治愈。术中结合鼻窦内窥镜术的9例患者上颌窦炎均治愈。结论口腔上颌窦瘘的临床治疗应根据患者的不同病情选用相应的手术修复方法,可提高临床一次性治愈率。     

A novel route for placing free flap pedicle from a palatal defect

One of the better options available to repair a large palatal defect is by employing a free flap. Almost all the times such free flaps are plumbed to facial vessels. The greatest challenge in such cases is the placement of the pedicle from palatal shelf to recipient vessels because there is no direct route available. As majority of large palatal fistulae are encountered in operated cleft palates there is a possibility of routing the pedicle through a cleft in the maxillary arch or via pyriform aperture. When such a possibility doesn’t exist the pedicle is routed behind the maxillary arch. We describe a novel technique of pedicle placement through a maxillary antrostomy, in this case report, where a large palatal fistula in a 16 year old boy was repaired employing a free radial artery forearm flap. The direct route provided by maxillary antrostomy is considered the most expeditious of all possibilities mentioned above.KEY WORDS: Free radial artery forearm flap, large palatal fistula, maxillary antrostomy, palatal fistula repair     

岛状颊肌粘膜瓣修复腭瘘的临床研究

目的：探索应用岛状颊肌粘膜瓣方法修复较大面积腭瘘的临床实践,探讨该方法的优缺点。方法：应用蒂在前上的岛状颊肌粘膜瓣修复腭瘘4例;应用蒂在后的岛状颊肌粘膜瓣修复腭瘘14例,其中有7例在修复腭瘘的同时延长软腭以矫正腭咽闭合不全。结果：共修复腭瘘患者18例;其中15例腭部瘘孔获得关闭,颊肌黏膜瓣成活良好,无感染、腮腺导管损伤或阻塞、面神经损伤,无张口受限、瘢痕挛缩及咀嚼障碍;2例因岛状颊肌粘膜瓣远端愈合不良再次出现硬腭前端瘘口,但面积较原来明显减小,其中1例再发腭瘘应用已转移到腭部的颊肌粘膜瓣组织行二次手术修复后愈合;1例岛状颊肌粘膜瓣部分坏死。结论：应用蒂在前上和蒂在后的岛状颊肌粘膜瓣修复腭瘘是一种比较安全可靠的方法,其成活率高,可以灵活转移修复各个部位的腭瘘,在修复软硬腭交界部位腭瘘的同时可延长软腭、矫正腭咽闭合不全。即使腭瘘再发,可以应用已转移到腭部的肌黏膜瓣修复之。     

Sagittal Maxillary Fracture: Diagnosis and Management

Background The sagittal maxillary fracture often coexists with maxillary fractures and warrants a definitive management strategy together with other maxillary fractures. Method This study was conducted on 60 patients suffering from sagittal maxillary fracture. Palatal fractures were classified into six subgroups. During management, patients were divided into three groups. In group A, patients with type I, IV, V, and VI were managed with maxillomandibular fixation and anterior maxillary buttress stabilization. Group B patients included type II, III, and IV palatal fractures. These fractures were undisplaced and were managed with maxillomandibular fixation, anterior alveolar plating, and anterior maxillary buttress stabilization. Group C included type II and III fractures with visible gap in the palate and were managed with maxillomandibular fixation, palatal vault plating, anterior alveolar plating, and anterior maxillary buttress stabilization. Result Sagittal maxillary fracture was more common in young males. Le Fort I and II fractures were more frequently associated with it in isolation or in combination. Parasagittal and sagittal fractures were the most common types. Sixteen patients of group A, twenty patients of group B, and twenty-four patients of group C were managed. Malocclusion (2), plate extrusion (2), and oroantral fistula (2) were the most common complications. Conclusion Sagittal maxillary fracture can be diagnosed with clinical and radiological examination. Palatal vault plating is required in displaced palatal fractures of type II and III. Single plate fixed in posterior half of middle one-third of palate gives sufficient stability to the palatal vault.     

硬腭黏骨膜瓣翻转衬里修复腭瘘的疗效评价

目的:探讨硬腭黏骨膜瓣翻转衬里修复腭瘘的临床效果。方法:应用瘘口两侧的邻近瓣,将一侧硬腭黏骨膜瓣翻转作衬里褥式缝合修复18例腭瘘患者。结果:18例腭部瘘孔均获得关闭,无感染、复裂等并发症。结论:硬腭黏骨膜瓣翻转衬里修复腭瘘临床效果良好,为腭瘘的修补提供了一种有效安全的方法。     

Free flap closure in complex congenital and acquired defects of the palate

Extensive palatal defects cause substantial morbidity, including nasal regurgitation, poor oral hygiene, loose-fitting obturators, and difficulty with speech. Microvascular techniques allow the surgeon to repair these complex defects with a one-stage reconstruction, in contrast to possible multistage local or regional flap reconstruction. In this retrospective review, the authors present their 5-year experience with free flap coverage of extensive palatal defects. From 1993 to 1998, 6 patients underwent free flap coverage of large palatal defects. The etiology of the large palatal defects included trauma (N = 1), neoplasm (N = 4), and a recurrent congenital cleft palatal fistula (N = 1). Three patients underwent osteocutaneous radial forearm flaps and 1 patient underwent a fasciocutaneous radial forearm flap. The remaining 2 patients underwent rectus abdominis muscle flaps. The ipsilateral facial artery and vein were used as the recipient vessels in all patients. There were no intraoperative complications (surgical or anesthetic). Postoperatively, 2 patients had surgical evacuation of small flap hematomas. One patient underwent revision of the fasciocutaneous flap. All flaps survived. In our experience, the benefits of free flap reconstruction of complex palatal fistulas seem to outweigh the risks of the operation, with reliable long-term results.