CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc评分在冠心病外科治疗中的应用

目的：评价CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统在冠心病外科治疗中的意义。 方法：选择2006年1月至2010年1月行不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术的768个病人,术后新发房颤患者97例,回顾病人的围术期及随访资料,应用CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统,进行分析。 结果：分为术后新发房颤组与非房颤组。术后新发房颤发生率12.6%。平均年龄70.74±8.21岁和65.90±9.83岁,围术期脑卒中8例和9例,CHADS2评分值分别为3.2±1.26和2.13±0.94,CHA2DS2-VASc评分值分别为4.2±1.50和3.23±1.07,CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc评分是术后新发房颤的预测因素,与围术期脑卒中显著相关,P < 0.01。 结论：冠心病外科治疗中应用CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统可预测术后新发房颤及围术期脑卒中,对冠心病术后新发房颤的抗凝及抗血小板治疗决策提供了依据,对卒中风险及预后有一定的评估价值。     

CHADS2评分及CHA2DS2-VASc评分预测老年非瓣膜性心房颤动合并缺血性脑卒中患者短期预后的意义

目的探讨CHADS2评分及CHA2DS2-VASc评分预测老年非瓣膜性心房颤动(NVAF)合并缺血性脑卒中患者短期预后的意义。方法调查我院2011年6月至2013年8月老年医学科216例老年NVAF合并缺血性脑卒中患者,应用CHADS2评分(0~6分)及CHA2DS2-VASc评分(0~9分)进行卒中风险评分,分为3组,低危组(0分)、中危组(1分)和高危组(2~9分),在发病后3个月时,采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评定患者的预后,将患者分为预后良好和预后不佳组,比较两组临床资料、CHADS2评分及CHA2DS2一VASc评分差异,并进行Logistic回归分析。结果共纳入符合条件的206例(95.3%)患者,其中CHADS2评分0、1、2~6分组各31、83、92例,CHA2DS2-VASc评分0、1、2~9分组各24、78、104例,预后良好89例(43.2%),预后不佳117例(56.8%)。预后良好与预后不佳患者的年龄、性别、卒中史、CHADS2评分、CHA2DS2-VASc评分的差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR:1.23,95%CI:1.07~1.54,P=0.01)、CHADS2评分(OR:1.36,95%CI:1.17~2.36,P=0.00)和CHA2DS2-VASc评分(OR:3.24,95%CI:1.32~6.98.P=0.00)为预后不佳的独立预测因素。结论年龄、CHADS2评分和CHA2DS2-VASc评分是老年NVAF缺血性脑卒中患者短期预后不佳的独立预测因素;对于老年NVAF缺血性脑卒中早期病情改善的预测作用,CHA2DS2-VASc评分优于CHADS2评分。     

CHADS2评分与CHA2DS2-VASc评分在非瓣膜病房颤患者左房血栓风险评估中的对比分析

目的探讨CHADS2评分及CHA2DS2-VASc评分在非瓣膜病心房颤动(AF)患者左房血栓风险评估中的作用。方法 2011年6月至2015年6月选择该院收治的非瓣膜病AF患者423例,根据其左房是否发生血栓分为左房血栓组和未发生左房血栓组;采用CHADS2评分系统和CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统对非瓣膜病AF患者发生血栓事件的风险进行危险分层,收集患者一般临床资料,采用Logistics回归对左房血栓发生的危险因素进行分析。结果 423例非瓣膜病AF患者进行食道心脏超声检查发现65例(15.36%)发生左房血栓;患者CHADS2评分显著低于CHA2DS2-VASc评分(P0.05);秩和检验显示CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统对患者危险分层的严重程度显著高于CHADS2评分系统(P0.05);随着CHADS2评分系统和CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统危险的增加患者发生左房血栓的比例逐渐升高(P0.05);单因素分析显示年龄≥65岁、左房内径≥38 mm及射血分数≤40%是非瓣膜病AF患者发生左房血栓的危险因素(P0.05);多因素Logistics回归显示CHA2DS2-VASc评分是导致非瓣膜病AF患者发生左房血栓的危险因素。结论 CHA2DS2-VASc评分能够预测非瓣膜病AF患者左房血栓的发生,其预估价值明显优于CHADS2评分。     

CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc评分与冠心病患者血浆炎性脂肪因子水平及冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性

目的:探讨CHADS_2和CHA_2DS_2-VAS_c评分与冠状动脉(冠脉)疾病患者炎性脂肪因子的相关性,并评估其对冠脉病变狭窄严重程度的预测价值。方法:纳入2017-01-2017-08于我院心脏内科住院,符合纳入标准的研究对象175例,依据冠脉造影结果计算Gensini评分,并根据其三分位分布情况分为3组:低Gensini组(2～21分,58例)、中Gensini组(22～43分,59例)和高Gensini组(≥44分,58例)。收集纳入患者人口学特征及临床与实验室检查、检验资料,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)、五聚素3(PTX3)、半乳糖凝聚素-3(GAL-3)、白细胞介素-37(IL-37)及脂联素(ADP)等血浆炎性脂肪因子水平。分析CHADS_2评分、CHA_2DS_2-VAS_c评分与炎性脂肪因子及冠脉病变严重程度的相关性。结果:高Gensini组CHADS_2评分与CHA_2DS_2-VAS_c评分显著高于另外两组。相关性分析发现,CHADS_2评分、CHA_2DS_2-VAS_c评分与冠脉Gensini评分及炎性脂肪因子存在相关性。Logistic回归分析显示,CHADS_2评分、CHA_2DS_2-VAS_c评分、血脂异常及现症吸烟均为冠脉狭窄的独立危险因素(OR值分别为2.359、2.362、2.010及2.020,均P0.05)。结论:CHADS_2和CHA_2DS_2-VAS_c评分与冠脉疾病患者血浆炎性脂肪因子水平及冠脉狭窄严重程度存在相关性,可用于病情评估。     

026CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc积分系统评估病态窦房结综合征之脑卒中与死亡风险相关分析

心房颤动（房颤）为常见的心律失常之一,并易继发脑卒中。既往评估其继发脑卒中风险多选用实效的CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc积分系统进行分析。然而时下关于对患病态窦房结综合征（SSS）患者,是否亦可选用CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc现行积分系统评估其继发脑卒中及死亡风险均不清楚,现就其进行分析。     

CHA_2DS_2-VASc评分有助于房颤脑卒中和(或)血栓栓塞预防性抗凝治疗的规范化Meta分析

目的:系统评价CHA2DS2-VASc评分在预防抗凝治疗房颤(atrial fibrillation,AF)患者脑卒中和(或)血栓栓塞(thromboembolism,TE)发生风险预测中的应用价值。方法:系统性检索Cochrane图书馆,PubMed和Embase等数据库,纳入国外已经公开发表的有关CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc评分预测脑卒中和(或)TE发生风险的相关队列研究。采用Revman 5.2软件进行Meta分析,计算合并后的相对危险度(risk ratios,RRs)和95%可信区间(confidence interval,CIs),分别比较在抗凝或未抗凝治疗AF患者CHA2DS2-VASc评分≥2(高危组)和CHA2DS2-VASc评分2(低中危组)分层内脑卒中和(或)TE风险发生情况。χ2趋势检验分析各危险组脑卒中和(或)TE发生风险与评分值的相关趋势。结果:本研究共纳入12篇文献,5篇以脑卒中为终点事件(RR=5.31,CI:3.69~7.62;P0.01),7篇以TE为终点事件(RR=5.94,CI:5.48~6.43;P0.01)(Pdiff=0.55);其中4篇研究对象接受抗凝基线治疗(RR=5.43,CI:4.92~6.00;P0.01),8篇研究对象未接受抗凝基线治疗(RR=5.92,CI:5.26~6.67;P0.01)(Pdiff=0.57)。CHA2DS2-VASc评分低危组终点事件发生率明显比CHADS2评分要低(0.54%vs 1.40%)(P0.05),且将更多的患者纳入高危组(81.0%vs 46.0%,P0.05)。结论:与CHADS2评分相比,CHA2DS2-VASc评分将更多的AF患者归类于高危组,且高危组脑卒中和(或)TE发生风险更高,并显示已接受抗凝治疗的AF患者仍然存在脑卒中和(或)TE发生风险,且随风险评分系统分值的增高而显著升高。这提示AF卒中预防性抗凝药物治疗需要正确评估而规范化实施。     

NLRP3炎症小体在心房颤动中的作用及其与CHA2DS2-VASc评分的关系

目的 探讨 NLRP3 炎症小体与心房颤动(AF)及 CHA₂DS₂-VASc 评分的关系,明确 NLRP3 炎症小体在 AF 中的可能作用。方法 连续入选住院治疗的 161 例 AF 患者为研究对象,其中阵发性 AF 组 56 例、持续性 AF 组 60 例、长程持续性 AF组 45 例。并选择 50 例健康体检者纳入对照组。利用梯度离心法分离纯化外周血单核细胞(PBMC),采用实时定量 PCR 和Western blot 检测 NLRP3 的 mRNA 和蛋白表达。结果 各 AF 组患者年龄均高于对照组(P < 0.01)。与对照组相比,各组 AF患者 PBMC 中 NLRP3 蛋白和 mRNA 水平均升高(P < 0.01)。长程持续性 AF 组 NLRP3 蛋白和 mRNA 水平高于阵发性 AF组和持续性 AF 组(P < 0.05)。AF 患者血浆 IL-1β 水平高于对照组(P < 0.01)。而长程持续性 AF 患者血浆 IL-1β 水平高于阵发性 AF 组和持续性 AF 组(P < 0.05)。A...     

CHA2DS2-VASc评分非高危的心房颤动患者左心耳血栓形成的危险因子分析

目的:分析CHA_2DS_2-VASc评分非高危的非瓣膜性心房颤动(AF)患者左心耳(LAA)血栓形成的相关危险因子。方法:连续入选拟行射频消融术治疗的CHA_2DS_2-VASc评分低、中危的AF患者320例,收集病例资料和实验室检查结果。通过经食管超声心动图(TEE)判断有无LAA血栓形成,并据此将患者分为血栓组和无血栓组,分析LAA血栓形成的相关危险因素。结果:320例AF患者中,16例(5.0%)存在LAA血栓。血栓组患者平均年龄大于无血栓组[(62.7±12.1)岁∶(53.1±11.0)岁,P=0.005],AF病程长于无血栓组[48(12～84)个月∶12(3～36)个月,P=0.001],非阵发性AF(NPAF)、饮酒和充血性心力衰竭患者比例均高于无血栓组(62.5%∶14.1%,P0.001;81.3%∶11.7%,P0.001;18.8%∶3.3%,P=0.022)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,校正混杂因素后,年龄(OR=0.939,95%CI:0888～0.993,P=0.035)、AF病程(OR=1.023,95%CI:1.005～1.042,P=0.014)、NPAF(OR=9.251,95%CI:2.494～34.320,P=0.001)和饮酒(OR=16.015,95%CI:3.727～69.590,P0.001)为LAA血栓形成的独立危险因素。结论:对于CHA_2DS_2-VASc评分非高危的AF患者,年龄、AF病程、NPAF和饮酒为LAA血栓形成的独立危险因素,该评分体系以外的卒中危险因子预测LAA血栓形成的价值更大。     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值结合CHA2DS2-VASc评分与急性冠脉综合征的相关性

目的 探讨运用中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）结合CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统对急性冠脉综合征患者（ACS）冠状动脉病变程度和行经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗中住院期间心血管事件的预测价值。 方法 分析2016年1月～2019年1月芜湖市第二人民医院因为发生ACS行PCI治疗的患者657（男 471、女 186)例;年龄(76±14）岁,所有入选患者均利用CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统进行评分,记录患者的临床基本资料、NLR、PCI手术相关信息、实验室检查结果,住院时间和住院期间发生的主要不良心血管事件(MACE);记录手术中冠状动脉病变情况和相关SYNTAX评分,分3组:低危组（评分≤22）（n＝332）;中危组（评分23～32）（n＝230）;高危组（评分≥33）（n＝95）。分别采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析确定CHA2DS2-VASc评分结合NLR能否预测冠状动脉病变程度（SYNTAX评分评价）和住院期间MACE。 结果 logistic回归分析表明冠状动脉病变程度和住院MACE的危险因素包括吸烟史、NLR、慢性肾脏病变、CHA2DS2-VASc评分(P<0.01);多元回归分析CHA2DS2-VASc评分≥3（OR值3.028,95%可信区间1.627-5.517,P<0.01）,NLR≥5.23（OR值2.901,95%可信区间1.260-5.370,P＜0.01）是冠状动脉病变程度SYNTAX评分高危组独立预测因子。多因素Cox逐步回归分析CHA2DS2-VASC评分（HR值1.365,95%可信区间1.120-1.702,P<0.01）和NLR（HR值2.20,95%可信区间1.120-4.520,P<0.05）与ACS住院病死率相关。 结论 NLR和 CHA2DS2-VASc评分具有判定ACS冠状动脉病变严重程度和住院期间MACE的预测价值,可用于PCI手术前评估及危险分层,确定相应的治疗方案,降低ACS患者PCI手术中无复流和住院MACE的发生。     

Predictors of stroke in patients paced for sick sinus syndrome

OBJECTIVES: This study was an analysis of factors associated with stroke in a population of patients paced for sinus node dysfunction in a large prospective clinical trial (Mode Selection Trial [MOST]). BACKGROUND: The effects of dual-chamber versus single-chamber ventricular pacing on subsequent stroke in patients with sinus node dysfunction are not known. METHODS: A total of 2,010 patients with sinus node dysfunction were randomized to ventricular or dual-chamber pacing and followed for a median of 33.1 months. RESULTS: The median participant age was 74 years. During 5,664 patient-years of follow-up, 90 strokes (11 hemorrhagic) occurred. By life-table analysis, the rate of stroke was 2.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6 to 2.9) at one year and 5.8% (95% CI 4.5 to 7.1) at four years. The incidence of stroke was not significantly different in dual-chamber (4%) as compared with ventricular-paced patients (4.9%) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.82, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.25, p = 0.36). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that significant predictors of stroke included prior stroke or transient ischemic attack, Caucasian race, hypertension, prior systemic embolism, and New York Heart Association functional class III or IV (p < 0.05); pacing mode remained non-significant after adjustment for these factors (p = 0.37). Clinically reported atrial fibrillation after implantation was a risk factor for stroke in this cohort after adjustment for other predictors of stroke (p = 0.042, HR 1.68 [95% CI 1.02 to 2.76]). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical characteristics, but not mode of pacing, were associated with subsequent stroke in patients paced for sinus node dysfunction.     

Predictive value of the CHA2DS2-VASc score in atrial fibrillation patients at high risk for stroke despite oral anticoagulation

Introduction and objectives

The risk of stroke in atrial fibrillation is heterogeneous and depends upon underlying clinical conditions included in current risk stratification schemes. Recently, the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score has been included in guidelines to be more inclusive of common stroke risk factors seen in everyday clinical practice, and useful in defining “truly low risk” subjects. We aimed to assess the usefulness of CHA₂DS₂-VASc score to give us an additional prognostic perspective for adverse events and mortality among “real world” anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation who are often elderly with many comorbidities.

Methods

Consecutive outpatients with permanent/paroxysmal nonvalvular atrial fibrillation with CHA₂DS₂-VASc≥2 and stabilized oral anticoagulation (international normalized ratio 2.0-3.0) for at least the preceding 6 months were recruited. Patients with CHA₂DS₂-VASc≥2 were selected. Adverse cardiovascular events including stroke, acute coronary syndrome, or heart failure; major bleeds; and mortality were recorded during more than 2.5-year-follow-up.

Results

Of 933 patients (93.5%) assessed, 432 were males, median age 76 (71-81) years. After a follow-up of 946 (782-1068) days, 109 patients (11.7%) had adverse cardiovascular events, 80 patients (8.6%) had major bleeds, 101 patients (10.8%) died, and 230 (24.6%) had major adverse events (composite end-point). Increasing CHA₂DS₂-VASc score by 1 point had a significant impact on the occurrence of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio=1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.44; P<.001), mortality (hazard ratio=1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-1.54; P<.001); and major adverse events (hazard ratio=1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.34; P<.001). CHA₂DS₂-VASc score was not associated with major bleeding episodes.

Conclusions

Among high risk atrial fibrillation patients on oral anticoagulation, CHA₂DS₂-VASc successfully predicts cardiovascular events and mortality, but not major bleeds.Full English text available from:www.revespcardiol.org     

Prognosis of patients permanently paced for sick sinus syndrome.

In 39 patients (mean age, 66 years) treated for sick sinus syndrome (SSS) with pacemaker insertion, the long-term prognosis was studied. Fifteen patients (42%) died during the follow-up period of 6 to 59 months (mean, 25 months). Three patients were unavailable for follow-up. Eleven of the 15 deaths (73%) were cardiac-related, yet none could be associated with either an arrhythmia or pacemaker failure. Symptoms recurred or persisted after pacemaker insertion in 14 patients (mean age, 71 years), nine of whom died (31 deaths per 100 patient follow-up years). Twenty-two patients (mean age, 63 years) were asymptomatic after pacer insertion, six of whom died (11 deaths per 100 patient follow-up years). These follow-up results demonstrate a poor long-term prognosis in patients with SSS and persistent symptoms following permanent pacing.     

The HATCH and CHA2DS2-VASc scores

Aims

The HATCH score describes the risk of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (Afib) progression, while the CHA₂DS₂vasc score depicts the risk of thromboembolic events in patients with Afib. We hypothesized that both scores may predict failure of Afib ablation.

Methods and results

In all, 449 consecutive patients (65.5?% male, mean age 61.7?±?10.1 years) who presented to our institution for Afib ablation were investigated. A HATCH score of 0, 1, 2, 3, and ≥?4 was found in 19.6, 50.3, 9.8, 15.6, and 4.6?% of the patients, respectively. A CHA₂DS₂vasc score of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and >?5 was found in 10.7, 20.9, 25.1, 20.6, 15.0, 4.7, and 3.0?% of the patients, respectively (mean CHA₂DS₂vasc score, 2.4?±?1.5). After 618 procedures (1.38?±?0.55/patient), 84.3?% of patients were free of any atrial arrhythmia after a mean follow-up of 12.7?±?7.1 months. The freedom of Afib after a single ablation procedure ranged between 50.7 and 60.3?% in patients with HATCH scores between 0 and 3 and dropped to 30.0?% in patients with a HATCH score greater than 3 (p?=?0.041). The freedom of Afib after 1.38 procedures per patient ranged between 79.5?% and 88.4?% in patients with a HATCH score between 0 and 3 and was lower with a score of 4 or more (66.7?%, p?=?0.064). Pulmonary vein isolation was equally successful in patients with a CHA₂DS₂vasc score of 5 or lower, but less effective in patients with a score greater than 5 (p?=?0.013).

Conclusion

Pulmonary vein isolation is equally effective in patients with a low-to-moderate risk of disease progression and thromboembolic risk. However, the success rate seems to decrease in patients with high sores.     

CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc评分对我国非瓣膜病心房颤动患者卒中风险的预测价值

<正>2006年,美国卒中学会有关脑梗死一级预防指南中首次推荐了心房颤动血栓危险度评分(CHADS2评分),用于对非瓣膜病心房颤动患者血栓栓塞风险的评估。而自2010年尤其是2013年欧洲心脏病学学会(ESC)发布心房颤动指南更新之后,CHA2DS2-VASc评分才逐渐进入人们的视野,并越来越多地被采用。国外研究显示,在CHADS2评分系统中,0~6分的卒中年发病率分别为1.9%、