改良主动脉腔内修复术治疗复杂腹主动脉瘤1例

主动脉腔内修复术（endovascular aneurysm repair,EVAR）作为近年出现的治疗腹主动脉瘤（abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA）的治疗方式,因其操作简单,疗效显著而广泛应用于临床.而对于主动脉解剖形态复杂的病变,一直是困扰术者的难题.近年来,沈阳军区总医院采用EVAR治疗主动脉疾病580例,尤其对复杂病变采用个体化治疗策略,疗效满意.现将我院于2014年9月25日采用改良的EVAR对1例复杂AAA的报告结果如下.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗进展

正腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)是指腹主动脉局部病理性扩张,超过正常管径的50%。AAA发病率逐年上升,且随年龄的增加而显著增加。据报道,50岁以上的亚洲人群中男性发病率为25.6/10万,女性发病率为7.6/10万,男性发病率约为女性的3.5倍[1]。我国尚无相关流行病学资料,但随着人口老龄化、多种影像检查的应用及临床认识水平的提高,国内AAA检出率亦逐年增长。AAA若不及时治疗,一旦破裂,病死率高达78%~94%[2]。但开放手术创伤大,对高龄患者或有严重合并症的患     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术的治疗研究进展

<正>腔内修复术(endovascular aneurysm repair,EVAR)是近年来出现的针对动脉扩张病的微创疗法。临床治疗目的在于重建腹主动脉血流,防止瘤样病变发展,改善其预后。1991年,阿根廷外科医师Parodi等[1]首次报道,采用EVAR治疗腹主动脉瘤(AAA)并获得成功,成为腔内血管外科治疗史上的里程碑。此后,该技术在世界各地大型医院或研究     

破裂性腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗并发症的单中心回顾性研究

目的:探究腔内修复治疗破裂性腹主动脉瘤后围术期并发症出现的相关特征。方法:回顾性分析自2013年10月到2019年10月期间,于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院血管外科,住院并行腔内修复治疗的破裂性腹主动脉瘤患者53例。其中围术期未出现并发症者29例(54.7%),出现并发症者24例(45.3%)。将并发症组患者分为术后介入相关并发症组8例,术后系统性并发症组13例,术中死亡3例。比较并发症患者与无并发症患者在基线资料、动脉瘤解剖条件、术中及术后理化指标方面的差异。结果:系统性并发症患者在年龄、就诊时收缩压及舒张压、有无反复搬动、近端瘤颈成角,以及术中尿量、术后24 h内腹腔内压、PT、APTT、CKMB、TnI等改变较无并发症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);介入相关并发症患者在近端瘤颈成角方面较无并发症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:患者年龄、就诊时血压、近端瘤颈成角以及术前多次搬动可能对破裂动脉瘤腔内治疗后系统性并发症产生影响,术中尿量和术后24 h内的腹内压、凝血功能及心肌标志物的监测,对预测系统性并发症发生十分重要。     

腹主动脉假性动脉瘤的腔内修复治疗

目的：总结覆膜支架置入腔内修复术治疗腹主动脉假性动脉瘤的经验,探讨其腔内治疗的安全性及有效性。方法：2011年1月至2012年12月间,收治的9例腹主动脉假性动脉瘤患者,男性7例,女性2例,年龄43～78岁,平均（66．7±11．0）岁。术前均行影像学仔细评估,采用切开或直接穿刺的方式置人覆膜支架隔绝瘤体。9例共置入20枚覆膜支架（其中1例采用“开窗”支架,5例采用一体式分叉型支架,3例采用直筒型支架）。术后1,3,6及12个月均行CTA复查,观察有无内漏,瘤腔是否完全血栓化。结果：9例均成功地置入覆膜支架,技术成功率100％（9／9）。围手术期无死亡病例。随访1—23个月,1例术后1．5个月因感染复发转外科手术治疗,1例术后5个月死于呼吸衰竭,余患者瘤腔均完全血栓化。随访期间病死率11．1％（1／9）,并发症发生率22．2％（2／9）。结论：采用覆膜支架植入腔内修复术治疗腹主动脉假性动脉瘤近期疗效安全可靠,中远期疗效尚需进一步观察。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后Ⅱ型内漏的诊断和治疗

目的:探讨腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术(EVAR)术后单纯Ⅱ型内漏的诊断和治疗方式。方法:回顾性分析2002年1月至2016年4月北京安贞医院血管外科EVAR术后治疗Ⅱ型内漏的发病率、诊断方法、随诊情况以及干预治疗措施。结果:本组EVAR术后发现单纯Ⅱ型内漏36例,发生率10.84%;21例(58.3%)为术后即刻动脉造影显示Ⅱ型内漏存在,另15例(41.7%)EVAR术后即刻动脉造影未发现内漏,随访过程中发现Ⅱ型内漏存在。随访时间3~118个月,平均随访时间17.9个月。Ⅱ型内漏自愈率为47.2%(17/36)。随诊过程中瘤体直径无明显增大27.8%(10/36)。失访率13.9%(5/36)。4例Ⅱ型内漏因瘤体直径增加10mm给予经动脉途径弹簧圈栓塞术治疗,二次干预治疗率11.1%(4/36);术中即刻动脉造影Ⅱ型内漏均消失,技术成功率100%。其中2例靶动脉栓塞者随诊12个月无内漏复发,瘤体直径缩小;1例髂内动脉和瘤腔内栓塞,术后复查CTA提示Ⅱ型内漏存在,瘤体直径较栓塞术前缩小3mm,栓塞术后随访21个月Ⅱ型内漏仍存在,瘤体直径无继续增大;1例瘤腔栓塞术后10个月发现Ⅱ型内漏复发且瘤体直径增大10mm,栓塞术后15个月动脉瘤破裂,急诊行腹主动脉瘤切除、腹主动脉至双侧髂总动脉人工血管间置移植术成功,术中确诊为腰动脉来源导致Ⅱ型内漏;目前开腹术后随访6个月患者情况良好。结论:EVAR术后Ⅱ型内漏是比较常见的并发症,在中、远期随访中Ⅱ型内漏的出现甚至导致瘤体直径增加并不少见,甚至可以导致破裂。因此对于EVAR术后严密随访十分重要,尤其对于瘤体直径增大者。应用支撑导管行经动脉途径栓塞术,有助于到达靶动脉开口部位。应用弹簧圈进行靶动脉开口部位确切栓塞可能会降低Ⅱ型内漏的复发率,且安全。其远期疗效有待于更长时间的随访和更多的病例积累。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗的并发症及处理

近年来,腹主动脉瘤(AAA)腔内治疗在世界范围内迅速推广。但是,应用过程中不可避免地出现了各种各样的并发症,只有正视和及时有效地处理这些并发症,才能提高临床疗效、保证医疗质量和患者安全。1导入动脉损伤AAA腔内治疗术的一切操作(包括导丝、导管和腔内移植物的导入)经过的非     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后Ⅱ型内漏的治疗进展

正腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)是指腹主动脉的直径大于正常直径50%以上的永久性扩张。而一旦破裂,病死率达到80%~90%[1],是一类威胁老年人健康的致死性疾病。腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术(endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair,EVAR)相比于传统手术可以明显     

近肾动脉腹主动脉瘤开窗及分支支架腔内修复术

目的：初步探讨开窗及分支支架腔内修复术,治疗近肾动脉性腹主动脉瘤的临床应用价值.方法：回顾性分析我院大血管疾病诊治研究中心自2011年11月至2012年6月间,完成的处于开放手术修复高度危险的3例腹主动脉瘤开窗及分支支架腔内修复术,所有患者均根据术前CT血管成像三维重建结果定制开窗支架.且手术成功的2例患者于出院前及术后1个月进行了CT血管成像和/或超声复查.结果：3例患者中1例围手术期死亡,死亡原因为支架节点内漏（Ⅲ型内漏）导致瘤腔内压力快速增高,瘤体破裂死亡,2例成功.2例成功病例手术平均时间191min（185 ～ 297min）,平均使用对比剂量165mL（150～ 200mL）,平均射线剂量为367（mGy· cm）,平均失血量不足200mL.成功的2例患者术后7d BUN、血肌酐分别为21 μmol/L、17 μmol/L和64μ mol/L及67 μmol/L,1例患者出现一过性肾功能损伤,血肌酐达183 μmol/L,经内科治疗恢复至正常值以下.成功的2例患者复查CT血管成像,均显示腹腔分支血管通畅、无内漏及支架移位,腹主动脉瘤隔绝确切,下肢血流通畅.结论：开窗及分支支架旨在拓展腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术微创腔内治疗的范围.国内临床应用经验较少,有待共同总结交流.     

传统开腹手术和腔内修复术治疗腹主动脉瘤破裂的临床对照研究

目的:分析比较传统开腹手术与腔内修复手术治疗腹主动脉瘤破裂的临床疗效。方法:选取2013年1月至2014年12月,我院收治的54例腹主动脉瘤患者为研究对象,根据患者所采用的手术方式将患者分为两组,分别为开腹手术组和腔内手术组。比较分析两种手术方法术中出血量、输血量,术后ICU观察时间、禁食时间、住院时间、以及手术费用;记录患者围手术期的并发症发生率和病死率,同时在患者出院后对两组患者每隔3个月进行随访,比较两组患者两年生存率及并发症发生率。结果:腔内手术组的出血量、手术时间、ICU观察时间、术后禁食时间以及术后住院时间均小于开腹手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但是手术费用则明显高于开腹手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);围手术期,腔内手术组的肺部并发症和电解质紊乱发生率均低于开腹手术组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),病死率以及其他并发症发生率差异无统计学意义;术后随访腔内手术组的生存率均高于开腹手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腔内修复术治疗腹主动脉瘤破裂具有手术时间短、创伤性小、术后恢复时间短,长期疗效好等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

腹主动脉瘤开腹手术与腔内修复术后心肌损伤比较

目的：比较腹主动脉瘤开腹手术与腔内修复术后心肌损伤程度.方法：收集75例腹主动脉瘤开腹切除手术和67例腔内修复手术患者的临床资料,根据患者冠状动脉CT造影（CTA）检查结果所示狭窄程度将所有病例分为轻、中、重三组,CTA示至少一处≥75％狭窄者为重度狭窄组,至少一处≥50％狭窄者为中度狭窄组,狭窄均＜50％者为轻度狭窄组.以肌钙蛋白I（cTnI） ≥0.01 μg/L为升高.每组进行两种术式病史资料及术后24h cTnI升高情况的比较.结果：中度狭窄组腔内介入13例,共6例术后cTnI升高,发生率46％；开腹手术15例中13例术后cTnI升高,发生率87％,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（P =0.042）.轻度狭窄及重度狭窄组腔内介入与开腹手术术后cTnI升高发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论：冠状动脉中度狭窄患者腔内修复术较开腹手术术后心肌损伤发生率低.     

Outcomes following endovascular or open repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in a Chinese population

To determine whether emergent endovascular repair (eEVAR) can be an alternative for anatomically suitable ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (RAAA) in a Chinese population compared to open aneurysm repair (OAR), 36 patients with RAAA undergoing either OAR or eEVAR in National Taiwan University Hospital from 2005 to 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Thirty-five (97.2 %) patients were treated. Among them, 20 (57.1 %) were treated by OAR and 15 (42.9 %) by eEVAR. The overall 30-day survival rate was 77.1 %. There was no significant difference in 30-day mortality rate (OAR 15.0 % vs. eEVAR 33.3 %, p = 0.201) and midterm mortality rate (OAR 20.0 % vs. eEVAR 46.7 %, p = 0.093) between these two groups. On univariate analysis, free peritoneal rupture (p < 0.001), pre-operative shock (p = 0.001) and female gender (p = 0.016) are related to a higher 30-day mortality rate, while free peritoneal rupture (p = 0.012) and pre-operative shock (p = 0.030) are associated with a higher midterm mortality rate in both repair techniques. On multivariate analysis, free peritoneal rupture was associated with higher 30-day (OR 26.0, 95 % CI 2.2–295.6, p = 0.009) and midterm (OR 13.1, 95 % CI 1.2–37.6, p = 0.032) mortality rates. In patients with RAAA, there is no significant difference in 30-day mortality and midterm mortality between eEVAR and OAR groups in our study. eEVAR could be an alternative therapy for anatomically suitable RAAA in a Chinese population.     

Colour Doppler diagnosis of perigraft flow following endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

BACKGROUND: Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm is a relatively new surgical technique which is less invasive than conventional open abdominal surgery but is associated with a significant specific complication of endoleak. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of duplex ultrasound imaging, utilising colour Doppler, as the primary method for post surgical monitoring of endovascular aneurysm repair. METHODS: Experimental design: a case cohort study of 45 patients undergoing endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Setting: angiography, CT scanning and surgery performed at Westmead Hospital, a teaching hospital of the University of Sydney; patients followed postoperatively at the Westmead Vascular Laboratory, a dedicated vascular diagnostic ultrasound facility. Patients: Forty males and five females, mean age 69.1 years (range 51 to 84). Interventions: patients underwent attempted insertion of an EVT (endovascular prosthesis) for exclusion of abdominal aortic aneurysm (mean diameter 5.3 cm; range 4.0 to 8.4 cm). Conversion to open repair was required in three cases (6.6%). An aorto-biliac graft was inserted in 28 patients, a tube graft in eight and an aorto-unilateral iliac graft with femorofemoral (or ilioilial) crossover graft in six. Measures: patients were followed over a period of 53 months (median follow-up time 15 months) with 106 colour Doppler scans of 39 endovascular grafts (mean of 2.9 scans per patient). RESULTS: All aneurysms decreased in diameter (range 0.1 cm to 4.3 cm, mean 0.9 cm). Abnormal flow in the residual aneurysmal sac was found in three patients. In all three cases of endoleak the colour Doppler diagnosis was supported by CT scan and confirmed on angiography. The CT scans did not provide any additional information to that obtained by colour Doppler imaging. CONCLUSIONS: Colour Doppler provides an effective means of non-invasive follow-up assessment of patients who have had endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复技术在90岁以上老年患者中应用的评价

目的探讨年龄逾90岁的腹主动脉瘤（AAA）患者行腔内修复术治疗的安全性和有效性。方法 2003年5月至2011年3月,12例年龄逾90岁的AAA患者接受主动脉腔内修复技术（EVAR）治疗,其中急诊手术2例。平均年龄（91.7±1.5）岁,其中11例为男性（91.7%）。统计技术成功率、围手术期并发症、死亡率;术后3,6,9,12个月及每年进行随访,进行CT或超声检查。结果 7例行全身麻醉,5例行局部麻醉,技术成功率为100%,无中转开刀手术患者;2例采用Endurant支架,4例采用Talent支架,6例采用Zenith支架;手术时间（3.4±1.3）h,出血量（220.5±60.5）ml,术后住院时间（8.4±2.3）d;30d死亡率为8.3%,1年死亡率为16.7%,3年死亡率为41.7%,5年死亡率为75%;11例术后30d仍存活的患者,平均术后生存时间为28.5个月（9～73个月）。结论对于年龄逾90岁的AAA患者,EVAR手术成功率高,围手术期死亡率和并发症发生率低,但从中远期结果来看部分患者的手术获益是有限的,因此术前个体化评估十分重要。     

Reduced strain in abdominal aortic aneurysms after endovascular repair

PURPOSE: To compare in vivo strain in abdominal aortic aneurysms before and after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), thereby obtaining a quantitative measure of changes in mechanical burden on the aneurysm wall. METHOD: Transabdominal ultrasound was acquired from 10 patients (9 men; median age 76 years, range 61-83) 1 day before and 2 days after elective EVAR. Strain was estimated as the relative cyclic elongation and contraction of the wall tissue in a number of connected segments along the aneurysm circumference. For each time instance of the cardiac cycle, the maximum and the average strain values along the circumference were recorded. The temporal maximums of these parameters (defined as the maximum strain and the peak average strain, respectively) were compared before and after EVAR. RESULTS: Both maximum strain and peak average strain were reduced following EVAR by 41% (range 35%-63%) and 68% (range 41%-93%), respectively. Despite the reduction, cyclic strain was still evident after the stent-graft was placed, even when no evidence of endoleak was found. Further, the strain values were inhomogeneous along the circumference, both before and after treatment. In 2 cases, endoleak was proven by routine computed tomography; the relative reduction in maximum strain was slightly less in these cases (35% and 38%) compared to those without endoleak (45%, range 38%-63%). No difference was found in reduction of peak average strain. CONCLUSION: Strain is significantly reduced after EVAR, but there may still be a certain level of strain after the treatment. The strain values are inhomogeneous along the circumference both before and after treatment. These results encourage further investigation to evaluate the potential for using circumferential strain as an additional indicator of outcome after endovascular repair.     

Abdominal pulsatile tumor after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

A 70 years old patient was successfully treated for infrarenal aortic aneurysm by an endovascular bifurcated prosthesis. Three months later, because of dysuria, he underwent urological examination revealing an abdominal pulsatile tumor. Thereafter, the patient was sent to our emergency ward with suspected symptomatical endoleak. Radiological screening by computer tomography and magnetic resonance angiography showed good post-operative results without endoleak. Patient was treated with antispasmodic medication and is doing well today. Because endovascular repair of aortic aneurysm, in contrast to an open approach, does not eliminate the aneurysm itself, post-operative abdominal palpation can be ambiguous. Magnetic resonance angiography--without the need of nephrotoxic contrast medium--compares favourably to CT and provides excellent pictures with less artefacts for post-operative screening of endoleak. If reperfusion can be excluded, pulsation is due to the transmission of the blood-pressure wave to the thrombosed aneurysm.