学龄前不同年龄段语前聋人工耳蜗植入患儿康复效果比较

目的：分析学龄前不同年龄段语前聋患儿人工耳蜗植入后听觉言语康复效果,探讨影响其康复效果的可能因素。方法将55例植入Freedom人工耳蜗的学龄前语前聋患儿按植入年龄分为1～3岁组32例,＞3～5岁组23例,于术后开机1、3、6、12、18、24个月时分别采用听障儿童听觉言语评估词表及标准评估程序、听觉行为分级（categories of auditory performance ,CAP）和言语可懂度分级（speech intelligibility rating ,SIR）评估并比较两组患儿听觉能力、言语能力及学习能力。结果在术后两年内,随着康复时间的延长,两组对象的平均言语识别率、平均语言年龄、CAP分级及SIR分级均逐渐提高,且在术后各时间段1～3岁组的平均言语识别率、平均语言年龄康复效果优于＞3～5岁组（P＜0．05）;在术后开机1、3、12个月时1～3岁组的CAP评级高于＞3～5岁组（P值分别为0．001、0．002和0．002）;在术后开机1、3、12、24个月时1～3岁组的SIR评分高于＞3～5岁组（P值分别为0．00、0．00、0．024和0．024）;两组间各时间段学习能力比较差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。结论对于语前聋患儿,人工耳蜗植入的年龄越小,术后两年内康复训练时间越长,效果越好;人工耳蜗植入时的年龄和术后康复时间是影响语前聋人工耳蜗植入患儿术后康复效果的关键因素。     

大前庭水管语前聋患儿的人工耳蜗植入

目的探讨大前庭水管语前聋患儿人工耳蜗植入手术方法及可行性,并对术后听觉言语康复效果进行评估。方法回顾性分析2001年7月～2011年9月收治的27例大前庭水管语前聋患儿的临床资料,均为极重度聋或全聋,其中男19例,女8例,年龄1.6～4.0岁,平均2.5岁。均行右耳人工耳蜗植入,于术后6个月行声场测听,测试言语频率平均听阈,开机训练1年后,进行限定词表言语测听及非限定词表言语测听评估听力康复效果。结果 27例患儿中,术中发生"井喷"者4例,经术中采用小块肌肉或筋膜严密封堵电极周围空隙,有效防止了外淋巴漏。术后经开机康复训练6个月后,声场测听言语频率平均听阈为25～30dB nHL,平均27.5±4.5dBnHL;开机训练1年后,限定词表言语测听言语识别率平均为83.3%,非限定词表言语测听言语识别率平均为81.6%。结论大前庭水管语前聋患者可行人工耳蜗植入;术前完善的影像学评估、良好的手术视野以及术中严密封堵电极周围空隙是预防"井喷"及手术成功的关键;术后听觉言语康复效果满意。     

语前聋成年患者接受人工耳蜗植入的手术效果评估

通过客观及主观听力学评估来确定人工耳蜗植入是否对语前聋成年患者言语发育有促进作用。采用回顾分析患者术后的开放式言语识别率等客观指标及患者生活质量等主观指标。结果是 1989～ 1999年共完成 198例成年患者人工耳蜗植入手术 ,其中4 4例为语前聋 ,分别植入美国Nucleus 2 2、Nucleus2 4或Clarion人工耳蜗装置。患者平均手术年龄 34岁 (14～ 6 2岁 ) ,通过开放式言语识别率测试 (包括字词、短语和短句识别 )可以发现自幼接受不同听力训练的语前聋患者之间存在显著性差异。结论 :接受人工耳蜗植入手术的语前聋患者手术效果的确不如语后…     

42例语前聋儿童人工耳蜗植入术后效果分析

目的初步分析语前聋儿童人工耳蜗植入后听觉言语的康复进程。方法通过对42例行人工耳蜗植入的语前聋儿童进行重建听阈测试、双音节词封闭项识别，主题对话测试及智力评估，以了解他们术后的听力水平、听觉言语能力及智力情况。结果受试者术后平均听阈在35 dB HL左右，在术后6个月以上的聋儿中扬扬格双音节词识别率≥80％的占95．45％；主题对话达到3～4级水平的占70．83％。双音节词识别率≥80％的聋儿言语能力为3～4级水平的占70．97％。结论对于智力发育正常，术后及时在康复机构接受科学、系统的康复训练的语前聋人工耳蜗植入的患儿，术后半年以上大多数患儿的听觉和言语能力的提高是较为明显的。     

语前聋患儿人工耳蜗植入术后康复效果分析

目的:研究不同年龄段语前聋患儿接受人工耳蜗植入后的康复效果,以及随使用人工耳蜗时间的延长康复效果的改变趋势.方法:按接受人工耳蜗植入时的年龄将患儿分为2组(≤3岁组和＞3～6岁组),分别在术后开机3、6、9、12个月时评估其听觉、语言及学习能力,并记录结果.结果:随着使用人工耳蜗时间的增加,聋儿听觉、语言及学习能力康复效果逐渐提高(P＜0.05),≤3岁组听觉及言语能力的康复速度优于＞3～6岁组(P＜0.05),学习能力无明显差别(P＞0.05).结论:语前聋患儿接受人工耳蜗植入术后,植入年龄与使用时间的长短共同影响其康复效果,小龄植入并经足够长时间的康复训练,可以实现康复效果的最优化.     

人工耳蜗植入手术前后听觉言语功能康复效果比较

目的对接受人工耳蜗植入的患儿行术前、术后助听效果比较,探讨人工耳蜗植入后的康复效果。方法对18例（18耳）接受人工耳蜗植入的患儿行术前、术后助听听阈评估、听觉功能评估及言语康复能力评估并进行比较,分析人工耳蜗植入后对声音感知、言语识别、言语发展的影响。结果18耳术前平均助听听阈为63dBHL,人工耳蜗植入听力重建后声场测试平均助听听阈为38dBHL,音频感受补偿范围250～4000Hz都能进入言语香蕉图,为其听辨言语声提供了极大的可能性。术后言语识别率明显提高。18例中11例术前无言语能力的患儿,术后平均的言语能力为2岁水平;7例术前平均语言能力为1.7岁,术后平均语言能力达到2.8岁。本文中3～4岁人工耳蜗植入的患儿,经过系统康复训练,言语发展明显提高。结论对6岁以下的语前聋、智力发育正常的聋儿,人工耳蜗植入后经过科学、系统的康复训练,听觉和言语能力都能得到不同程度的提高。     

语前聋患儿一侧人工耳蜗对侧助听器效果分析

目的:通过对人工耳蜗植入对侧耳不同听力损失的患儿联合使用助听器与人工耳蜗语前聋患儿的听觉、语言及学习能力进行评估和比较,探索对患儿更为有效的助听方法,帮助患儿获得最大限度的言语交流。方法:将30例3～6岁语前聋患儿按照植入人工耳蜗对侧耳听力损失程度及是否佩戴助听器,分为一侧人工耳蜗+对侧重度听力损失助听器组(CI+SHA组)、一侧人工耳蜗+对侧极重度听力损失助听器组(CI+PHA组)、单耳人工耳蜗组(CI组)。评估各组在康复3、6、9、12、15、18个月时听觉、语言及学习能力,并记录结果。结果:随着术后康复时间的延长,聋儿听觉、语言及学习能力逐渐提高(P<0.05),CI+SHA组听觉能力优于CI+PHA组及CI组(均P<0.05),语言能力及学习能力无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:语前聋患儿单耳人工耳蜗植入后,若对侧耳尚有残余听力,佩戴助听器后听觉能力效果显著,长期佩戴有助于患儿的康复。     

GJB2基因突变致聋患儿人工耳蜗植入效果分析

目的 比较GJB2基因突变致聋患儿与非GJB2基因突变且内耳结构正常聋儿人工耳蜗植入术后的听觉言语康复效果.方法 对37例经C下及MRI检查排除内耳畸形的聋儿术前行GJB2基因检查,根据结果 分成A组(GJB2基因突变10例)和B组(非GJB2基因突变27例),术后随访0.5～2年,进行术后的听阈、言语识别率及言语能力评估.结果 37例聋儿人工耳蜗植入手术全部成功,均建立了主观听性反应.A组的声场听阈水平平均为34.41±6.12 dB HL.言语识别率平均为76%; B组的声场听阈水平平均为36.23±4.16 dB HL.言语识别率平均为79%,两组均达到平均言语康复级别二级;两组听觉及言语能力测试结果 均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 人工耳蜗患者中GJB2基因突变率高,可能是内耳结构正常的人工耳蜗植入人群耳聋的主要致聋原因;GJB2基因突变致聋患儿与非GJB2基因突变且内耳结构正常聋儿人工耳蜗植入术后效果基本一致.人工耳蜗植入可作为GJB2基因突变致聋患儿的有效治疗手段.     

先天性语前聋中国儿童双耳人工耳蜗植入疗效观察

目的：评估双侧耳人工耳蜗植入对极重度感音神经性语前聋患儿的听觉与言语康复疗效。方法：2例先天性极重度感音神经性聋儿童，单侧耳人工耳蜗植入术后2年和3年分别施行对侧耳人工耳蜗植入。术后1年评估患儿左、右耳单耳及双耳人工耳蜗助听听阈和言语识别率。以及言语清晰度。结果：①双耳人工耳蜗助听与单耳人工耳蜗助听相比。平均听阈降低分别为13dB和11dB；②在安静环境中双耳人工耳蜗植入儿童的言语识别率(开放项列)分别平均提高为9％和10％，2例双耳人工耳蜗植入儿童的言语识别率(开放项列)分别达97％和95％；③在嘈杂环境中对言语的识别能力明显提高；④言语清晰度有明显改善。结论：双耳人工耳蜗植入可明显提高极重度感音神经性语前聋患儿在安静和噪声环境下的言语识别率，对语前聋儿童的言语和语言发育有明显的帮助。     

年龄对语前聋儿人工耳蜗植入听觉言语康复效果的影响

在对语前聋小儿的人工耳蜗植入后的听觉言语康复的随访评估中了解到 ,年龄较小聋儿的人工耳蜗植入术后的听觉语言康复效果优于年龄大者。现将 2岁以下最小年龄组的人工耳蜗植入后的听觉、言语康复效果与大年龄组比较评估 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1.1　临床资料选择 1998年 2月～ 2 0 0 0年 7月人工耳蜗植入后 ,经过了半年以上的听觉言语康复训练 ,除不能参加本组评估的特殊病例 ,共 2 2例不超过 17岁的语前聋儿 ,进行评估讨论。男 13例 ,女 9例。人工耳蜗植入时年龄 :最小 1.5岁 ,最大 17.0岁 ,平均 7.2岁。其中 1.5～ 2 .0岁 5例 ,2 .1～ …     

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth and invasion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a prime mediator of tumour angiogenesis. VEGF‐C is a closely related protein that effects lymphatic endothelial cells and may be important in the process of lymphatic metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of these cytokines in patients with T1 and T2a glottic, squamous cell carcinoma, in comparison with normal epithelial control tissue, to ascertain any association with radioresistance. Twenty‐two tumours treated by radiotherapy (13 radiosensitive, nine radioresistant) and seven normal control tissues were studied. The minimum follow‐up was 2 years after radiotherapy. Expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded biopsy specimens. Analysis was carried out using a quantitative computer image analyser. Both VEGF and VEGF‐C were detectable in tumour and normal control specimens. There was increased expression in tumour specimens of both VEGF (P = 0.03) and VEGF‐C (P < 0.001). In addition, the expression of VEGF‐C was associated with tumours of higher histological grade (P = 0.021). There was, however, no difference in VEGF and VEGF‐C expression between radioresistant and radiosensitive tumours. The expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C is increased in early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, measuring the expression of these proteins cannot predict radioresistance in this tumour group.     

Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: Clinical Results Using the Kitasato Modality

The conventional therapeutic regimen for maxillary sinus carcinoma consists of dissection of the maxilla, full-dose irradiation and extensive chemotherapy. However, the results obtained with this treatment are often poor. Even when patients recover, their quality of life is significantly reduced as a result of deformity of facial structures and swallowing and articulation dysfunctions. A retrospective analysis of 68 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma treated with the Kitasato modality between 1975 and 1999 was conducted. All patients underwent pergingival maxillary sinus surgery combined with pre- and postoperative irradiation therapy with standardized total doses of 16 Gy; the postoperative irradiation was given in combination with regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy administered via the superficial temporal artery. All visible tumor lesions were removed where possible in order to preserve or facilitate cellular immunity after surgery. The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 85.7% for Stage II patients, 88.1% for Stage III, 76.6% for Stage IVA and 75.0% for Stage IVB.     

Tongue Base Reduction with Temperature-controlled Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

In recent years a considerable effort has been made to establish the use of different surgical techniques for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Nevertheless, treatment of hypopharyngeal obstruction due to tongue base hypertrophy remains in many ways an unsolved problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tongue base reduction with temperature-controlled radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction in the treatment of OSAS. Twenty patients with OSAS and tongue base hypertrophy were treated with radiofrequency tissue ablation. An intensified treatment protocol was used, delivering 2,800 J per treatment session under local anesthesia. Two nights of polysomnography testing were performed before and after treatment. Daytime sleepiness, snoring and postoperative morbidity were assessed using questionnaires. Mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was reduced from 32.1 to 24.9/h after a mean of 3.4 treatment sessions. Six patients (33%) were cured after the procedure (reduction in RDI of &#83 50% and a postoperative RDI of <15/h) and ten (55%) showed an improvement of >20% in their RDI. Daytime sleepiness and snoring improved significantly. Peri- and postoperative morbidity was low; one severe complication occurred (tongue base abscess). We were able to achieve similar cure and responder rates to those reported in a recently published pilot study but with a reduced number of treatment sessions. We believe that this technique may improve patient acceptance and have beneficial cost implications.     

Cervical Reflex Induced by Click Stimuli in Cats

We studied click-evoked potentials in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in 17 cats. A concentric needle electrode was inserted into the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C3-C6. Potentials evoked with 105 dB SPL clicks were recorded with a peak latency of 4.89-5.10 ms only at the C3 level. These responses were observed 45-60 dB SPL above the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold, and no potentials were evoked by stimulation of the contralateral ear. Average was performed 100 times with changes in stimulation frequency of 1-20 Hz. The amplitude of the potentials decreased with increasing stimulus frequency, but there were no changes in ABRs. The responses disappeared after destruction of the medial vestibulospinal tract at the obex level, but ABRs were still recorded. The spinal nucleus of the accessory nerves was located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C1-C6, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle motoneurons were found at levels C1-C3. The click-evoked potentials recorded in this study reflect responses of the spinal nucleus of accessory nerves through the vestibulospinal tract to click stimulation. The responses have the same characteristics as vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials that can be recorded using surface electrodes over the sternocleidomastoid muscles of humans.     

Lack of significant estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in nasal telangiectasias in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an immunohistochemical analysis

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by snoring and apnea during sleep leading to decreased oxygen saturation and disturbed sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and neuropsychological disturbances. This study investigates cognitive neuropsychological abilities in a group of 53 OSAS patients before and after treatment with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. General intellectual ability, verbal learning and memory as well as executive functioning were measured at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. After surgery there were significant improvements in verbal learning and memory (mean change - 39, SD 57.3, p <0.001), recall (mean change - 24.3, SD 39.3, p <0.001) and executive functioning (as assessed by percentage of errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; mean change-9.1, SD 15.7, p <0.001). These improvements were in accordance with improvements in the degree of sleep apnea, the oxygen desaturation index (mean change -9.7, SD 15.9, p <0.001) and arterial minimum oxygen saturation (mean change 4.5%, SD 10.2%, p <0.01). Surgical treatment seems to improve verbal learning, memory and recall and executive functions in parallel with better oxygenation in OSAS.     

Measurement of chemosensory function

Although hundreds of thousands of patients seek medical help annually for disorders of taste and smell, relatively few medical practitioners quantitatively test their patients' chemosensory function, taking their complaints at face value. This is clearly not the approach paid to patients complaining of visual, hearing, or balance problems. Accurate chemosensory testing is essential to establish the nature, degree, and veracity of a patient's complaint, as well as to aid in counseling and in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment strategies and decisions. In many cases, patients perseverate on chemosensory loss that objective assessment demonstrates has resolved. In other cases, patients are malingering. Olfactory testing is critical for not only establishing the validity and degree of the chemosensory dysfunction, but for helping patients place their dysfunction into perspective relative to the function of their peer group. It is well established, for example, that olfactory dysfunction is the rule, rather than the exception, in members of the older population. Moreover, it is now apparent that such dysfunction can be an early sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Importantly, older anosmics are three times more likely to die over the course of an ensuring five-year period than their normosmic peers, a situation that may be averted in some cases by appropriate nutritional and safety counseling. This review provides the clinician, as well as the academic and industrial researcher, with an overview of the available means for accurately assessing smell and taste function, including up-to-date information and normative data for advances in this field.