血管紧张素转换酶D等位基因与高血压性肾损害的探讨(附122例分析)

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因多态性是高血压病(EH)的致病基因,还是EH性肾损害的危险因素。方法四角分析法研究ACE基因多态性与EH的关系,采用PCR方法对比,有和无尿微量蛋白增高,EH组与对照组ACE多态性的差异。结果无论有还是没有EH家族史的EH组(n=122)和对照组(n=109)ACE基因插入／缺失(I／D)多态性之间的变化均无显著性差异。伴有尿微量蛋白增高EH患者收缩压和甘油三脂最高,靶器官损害多,D等位基因人数也最多。结论ACE基因多态性与EH发生关系不大,但D等位基因可能增加EH性肾损害的危险。     

血管紧张素(1-7)的心血管效应

血管紧张素(1-7)是RAAS重要的生物活性物质之一,具有扩血管、抗增殖和抗凝血等效应,能拮抗血管紧张素Ⅱ等物质的生物活性。它可经血管紧张素Ⅰ、Ⅱ转化而来。血管紧张素转换酶2是Ang(1-7)的限速酶。Ang(1-7)主要通过其G-蛋白偶联受体Mas产生作用。     

血管紧张素转换酶抑制药诱发咳嗽的研究近况

从1977年第一个血管紧张素转换酶抑制药(angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors,ACEI)卡托普利被开发至今,ACEI在临床上得到越来越广泛的应用,包括治疗高血压、充血性心力衰竭、心肌梗死、心室肥厚、左心室功能障碍及糖尿病肾病等[1].     

牡蛎酶解工艺的研究

目的 获得最佳牡蛎蛋白的酶解工艺及以期提高酶解液水解度和蛋白回收率.方法 综合考虑蛋白回收率、水解度和腥、苦味及澄清度,进行最佳酶的筛选;正交试验确定酶的最佳水解条件;以水解度和蛋白回收丰为指标,研究热处理、超声处理和微波处理对酶解的影响.结果 与结论菠萝蛋白酶比较适合牡蛎蛋白质的水解,其最佳条件为:pH6,温度55℃,料水比为1:3,加酶量为800U/g,酶解时间4h,在此条件下酶解产物水解度为29.86%,蛋白回收率为67.55%;热处理、超声处理和微波处理不利于牡蛎蛋白的水解.     

血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与心肌梗关系的研究

本研究对８０例心肌梗死患者和８０例健康人的血管紧张素转换酶（ＡＣＥ）活性；及ＡＣＥ基因插入（Ｉ）／缺失（Ｄ）多态性进行了研究。结果表明ＭＩ组Ｄ基因频率５０．３和ＤＤ基因型频率０．３０显著高于对照组的０．３１和０．１０。ＭＩ组和正常人ＤＤ、ＤＩ、ＩＩ基因型的血清ＡＣＥ活性依次显著增高，因此ＡＣＥ基因多态性可能是我国人ＭＩ发病的独立危险因素之一。     

海洋生物蛋白源酶解降压肽的研究进展

海洋生物蛋白源酶解降压肽具有高效无毒的特点,使其成为人们研究的热点,现简要综述酶解降压肽的降压机制、制备、活性评价等,并展望其开发应用前景。     

血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性及其与冠心病关系的研究

以聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法．检测150例正常人及80例心肌梗塞（MI）患者的血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）活性，及ACE基因的插入（I）／缺失（D）多态性。结果发现（1）中国人ACE基因型中以D等位基因频率较低；（2）D等位基因是中国人MI发病的危险因素之一；（3）在传统的“低危人群”中D等位基因与MI发病之间关联更为显著；（4）基因型与血清ACE活性密切相关。     

高血压脑出血与血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)基因多态性的研究

目的:探讨ACE基因多态性和高血压合并脑出血的关系。方法:对高血压患者93例(合并脑出血者50例,未合并脑出血者43例)、对照组55例进行比较分析。取空腹静脉血提取DNA,通过PCR方法扩增出目的基因的片段,经过电泳、EB染色后,观察ACE基因多态性并记录结果,记录相关临床资料。结果:脑出血患者的DD基因型及D等位基因频率和正常对照组比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。表明ACE基因Ⅰ/D多态性与高血压脑出血有关。结论:ACE基因DD基因型可能是脑出血的危险因素,高血压和ACE基因D等位基因可能对脑出血的发病有协同作用。     

血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与妇产科疾病的相关性研究

血管紧张素转换酶（angiotensin I converting enzyme。ACE）是肾素一血管紧张紊一醛固酮系统（RAS）以及缓激肽系统的重要成分．主要作用为激活血管紧张索Ⅱ（Ang—Ⅱ）和灭活缓激肽，在调节血管张力，维持血压稳定等方面有重要作用。其第16内含子插入／缺失（I／D）多态性影响血浆和组织中ACE的活性。并与众多心血管疾病有不同程度的关联。子宫、胎盘、卵巢内存在独立的肾素一血管紧张素系统（RAS）。研究证实ACE多态性和血流稳态．胎儿和新生儿发育以及某些病理妊娠和妇产科疾病有关联。     

血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与心肌梗死关系的研究

本研究对８０ 例心肌梗死患者和８０ 例健康人的血管紧张素转换酶（ＡＣＥ）活性，及ＡＣＥ基因插入（ Ⅰ）／缺失（Ｄ）多态性进行了研究。结果表明ＭＩ组Ｄ 等位基因频率５０．３ 和ＤＤ 基因型频率０．３０ 显著高于对照组的０．３１ 和０．１０。ＭＩ组和正常人ＤＤ、ＤＩ、ＩＩ基因型的血清ＡＣＥ活性依次显著增高，因此ＡＣＥ基因多态性可能是我国人ＭＩ发病的独立危险因素之一。     

Biochemical and histopathological effects of glyphosate herbicide on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

In Oreochromis niloticus that had been exposed for 3 months to sublethal concentrations (5 and 15 ppm) of the commercial glyphosate herbicide (C(3)H(8)NO(5)P) Roundup, the organs exhibited varying degrees of histopathological change. In the gills filament cell proliferation, lamellar cell hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, epithelial lifting, and aneurysm were observed. In the liver there were vacuolation of hepatocytes and nuclear pyknosis. Kidney lesions consisted of dilation of Bowman's space and accumulation of hyaline droplets in the tubular epithelial cells. The structural damages could be correlated to the significant increase (p 相似文献   

河豚鱼皮胶原寡肽的护肤美白功效研究

目的 探究河豚鱼皮胶原寡肽的护肤美白功效。方法 以3个月的雄性豚鼠为试验对象,在豚鼠的背部一侧脱毛处,每天涂抹1次受试物,连续30天。在试验后分别测定豚鼠血清的酪氨酸酶含量,受试皮肤的含水量和羟脯氨酸含量,观察受试皮肤组织形态及黑色素毛囊数,对河豚鱼皮胶原寡肽的护肤美白功效进行评价。 结果 在本试验条件下,受试豚鼠的皮肤无病变现象。河豚鱼皮胶原寡肽能够提高受试豚鼠皮肤的胶原蛋白含量,而且具有抑制皮肤黑色素表达的作用。结论 河豚鱼皮胶原寡肽具有一定的延缓皮肤衰老和美白的功效。     

Effects of diazinon on acetylcholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation in the brain of Oreochromis niloticus

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of organophosphorus (OP) pesticide diazinon on acetylcholinesterase (AChE: EC 3.1.1.7) activity and its relationship to lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the brain of a freshwater fish, Oreochromis niloticus. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was used as biomarker for LPO. Fish were exposed to 1 and 2 mg/L sublethal concentrations of diazinon for 1, 7, 15 and 30 days. In the entire experimental group, AChE activity in brain significantly decreased (up to 93% of control), whereas MDA content decreased after 1 day, and increased after 7 and 15 days of exposures. MDA was in similar level with the control group after diazinon exposure of 30 days. The findings of the present study show that diazinon inhibited AChE activity and it has LPO-inducing potential in fish. The inhibition of AChE activity in the brain of O. niloticus correlated with increased MDA levels after 7 and 15 days diazinon exposures (r = −0.661, P < 0.019; r = −0.652, P < 0.022, respectively).     

鱿鱼皮胶原蛋白医用止血材料的研究

目的 从鱿鱼皮中提取胶原蛋白并研究经化学和物理方法改性的鱿鱼皮胶原海绵的止血效果。方法 从新鲜鱿鱼皮中提取得到酸溶性胶原蛋白 (ASC)和酶溶性胶原蛋白 (PSC),冷冻干燥制备胶原海绵,分别采用EDC交联、干热交联 (DHT)、EDC/DHT结合交联这3种方法对其进行改性处理。采用兔耳创伤止血和肝脏止血试验来评价改性后胶原海绵的止血性能。结果 鱿鱼皮胶原蛋白ASC和PSC为典型的I型胶原蛋白。动物止血实验结果表明ASC-E、PSC-E、ASC-E/D和PSC-E/D等4种改性鱿鱼皮胶原海绵组均能对创面起到一定止血作用,其中尤以PSC-E组的止血效果最好,优于市售明胶海绵。 结论ASC-E、PSC-E、ASC-E/D和PSC-E/D等4种改性鱿鱼皮胶原海绵组均能有效的缩短出血时间,减少出血量,达到快速止血的效果,其中PSC-E止血效果最佳。     

血管紧张素转换酶基因的插入／缺失多态性在不同种族中老年人群中的分布

目的:探讨血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensinIconvertingenzymeACE)基因内含子16中的插入/缺失(I/D)多态性在不同种族中老年人群之间的相互关系。方法:运用聚合酶链反应(PCR)、电泳分型等方法,检测美国黑人(89例)、美国白人(47例)、墨西哥人(425例))和中国佳木斯地区汉族人(107例)的等位基因频率和基因型频率。结果:在不同种族中老年人群中II、ID、DD基因型频率分别为:美国白人:0.170、0.447、0.383;美国黑人:0.180、0.483、0.337;墨西哥人:0.297、0.463、0.240;中国佳木斯地区汉族人:0.392、0.430、0.178。等位基因I、D频率分别为:美国白人:0.394、0.606;美国黑人:0.421、0.579;墨西哥人:0.528、0.472;中国佳木斯地区汉族人:0.607、0.393(并与文献报道的关于日本、挪威、法国和意大利的结果相比较)。结果显示,中国佳木斯地区汉族人群的ACE基因IN16(I/D),D等位基因频率与墨西哥人和日本人差异不显著(P>0.05),而与美国黑人、美国白人、挪威人、法国人和意大利人差异极其显著(P<0.01)。结论:结果提示,ACE基因的多态性位点在不同种族中老年人群中存在差异。     

Effects of subchronic exposure to zinc nanoparticles on tissue accumulation,serum biochemistry,and histopathological changes in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) are among the least investigated NPs and thus their toxicological effects are not known. In this study, tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed to 1 and 10 mg/L suspensions of small size (SS, 40–60 nm) and large size (LS, 80–100 nm) ZnNPs for 14 days under semi‐static conditions. Total Zn levels in the intestine, liver, kidney, gill, muscle tissue, and brain were measured. Blood serum glucose (GLU), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were examined to elucidate the physiological disturbances induced by ZnNPs. Organ pathologies were examined for the gills, liver, and kidney to identify injuries associated with exposure. Significant accumulation was observed in the order of intestine, liver, kidney, and gills. Zn levels exhibited time‐ and concentration‐dependent increase in the organs. Accumulation in kidney was also dependent on particle size; NPs SS‐ZnNPs were trapped more effectively than LS‐ZnNPs. No significant accumulation occurred in the brain (p > 0.05) while Zn levels in muscle tissue increased only marginally (p ≥ 0.05). Significant disturbances were noted in serum GOT and LDH (p < 0.05). The GPT levels fluctuated and were not statistically different from those of controls (p > 0.05). Histopathological tubular deformations and mononuclear cell infiltrations were observed in kidney sections. In addition, an increase in melano‐macrophage aggregation intensity was identified on the 7th day in treatments exposed to LS‐ZnNPs. Mononuclear cell infiltrations were identified in liver sections for all treatments. Both ZnNPs caused basal hyperplasia in gill sections. Fusions appeared in the gills after the 7th day in fish treated with 10 mg/L suspensions of SS‐ZnNPs. In addition, separations in the secondary lamella epithelia were observed. The results indicated that exposure to ZnNPs could lead to disturbances in blood biochemistry and cause histopathological injuries in the tissues of O. niloticus. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1213–1225, 2017.     

Antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of ethanol extract and pure flavonoids from Adinandra nitida leaves

Context: Adinandra nitida Merr. ex. H.L. Li (Theaceae) is an indigenous plant in south China. Its leaves have been reported to have many curative effects such as reducing blood pressure, as well as antibacterial, antioxidant, and analgesic properties, which could be used in foods and medicines.

Objective: The antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of the main flavonoids and ethanol extract (EE) of A. nitida leaves were investigated for the first time.

Materials and methods: The main flavonoids of A. nitida leaves (camellianin A, camellianin B) were prepared and their contents in EE were determined by HPLC. The antioxidant activities of the samples were measured by DPPH radical scavenging assay and Rancimat test. The ACE inhibitory activities of the samples were carried out by using an assay kit with hippuryl-glycyl-glycine as substrate.

Results: The contents of camellianin A, camellianin B and apigenin in EE were determined as 41.98, 2.67, and 1.73%, respectively. The antioxidant activities of the flavonoids were far lower than that of EE in DPPH radical scavenging and Rancimat assays. However, the ACE-inhibitory activities of camellianin A, camellianin B and apigenin were higher than that of EE.

Discussion and conclusion: The flavonoid content of EE was more than 45%. The high activities of EE in DPPH scavenging and Rancimat assay could be mainly attributed to compounds other than flavonoids. However, the ACE-inhibitory activity of EE could be mainly attributed to the presence of the flavonoids.     

Acute toxicity, behavioral changes, and histopathological effects of deltamethrin on tissues (gills, liver, brain, spleen, kidney, muscle, skin) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fingerlings

Deltamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid contaminating aquatic ecosystems as a potential toxic pollutant, was investigated in the present study for acute toxicity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate LC(50) values of deltamethrin on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fingerlings and investigate histopathological responses of fish exposed to deltamethrin. The 48 h LC(50) value for Nile tilapia fingerlings was estimated as 4.85 microg/L using static test system. In addition, behavioral changes at each deltamethrin concentration were observed closely. All fish, exposed to 5 microg/L deltamethrin revealed severe morphological alterations in the gills and liver. In the gills hyperemia, fusion of secondary lamellae and telangiectasis were observed; whereas hydropic degenerations in liver were observed in all examined fish. The results are significant for reporting acute deltamethrin toxicity in terms of behavioral and histopathological changes: Deltamethrin is highly toxic to fingerlings.     

大豆磷脂对小鼠皮肤胶原蛋白含量的影响

目的 研究大豆磷脂对小鼠皮肤胶原蛋白含量的影响。方法 小鼠用不同剂量的大豆磷脂2.5g/(kg.d)(低剂量组)、5.0 g/(kg.d)(中剂量组)和10.0 g/(kg.d)(高剂量组)灌胃30d后,取背部皮肤,用分光光度法测定小鼠皮肤中胶原蛋白的含量。结果 与对照组小鼠皮肤胶原蛋白含量[(31.70±5.00)mg/g]比较,中剂量组小鼠皮肤胶原蛋白含量[(36.80±5.50)mg/g]显著增加(P<0.05),高剂量组小鼠皮肤胶原蛋白含量[(41.23±7.54)mg/g]极显著增加(P<0.01)。结论 大豆磷脂可提高皮肤中胶原蛋白含量,具有延缓皮肤衰老作用。     

Sites of First-Pass Bioactivation (Hydrolysis) of Orally Administered Zofenopril Calcium in Dogs

The relative contribution of the gut, liver, and lungs as sites of first-pass bioactivation (hydrolysis) of the orally administered ester prodrug, zofenopril calcium (SQ 26,991), to the active angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, SQ 26,333, was determined. With a five-way study design, two dogs each received a single 1.6-mg/kg dose of zofenopril [as its soluble potassium salt (SQ 26,900)] via the following routes of administration: intraarterial, intravenous, intraportal, and oral. Each dog also received an equimolar oral dose of zofenopril calcium (1.5 mg/kg). Concentrations of zofenopril in plasma were quantitated with a GC/MSD assay. Extraction ratios (E) for zofenopril by the gut, liver, and lungs were calculated based on the ratios of the area under the curve (AUC) values of zofenopril in arterial plasma after administration by the various routes. As individual eliminating organs, the gut and liver each had a high intrinsic capability to hydrolyze zofenopril; E values ranged from 45 to 89%. The lungs were found to have low, but measurable, hydrolytic activity with estimated E values that ranged from 5 to 26%. Overall, about 95% of the orally administered dose of zofenopril calcium was hydrolyzed during the first pass. Because the prodrug is sequentially exposed to the gut, liver, and lungs, the contribution of the gut to the overall first-pass hydrolysis (ca. 87%) was estimated to be significantly greater than that of the liver (<10%) or lungs (<2%). Zofenopril was rapidly eliminated after parenteral administration; mean residence time values were 2 min and the elimination half-life values (intraarterial route only) were 9 min. The total-body clearance (Cl_total) of zofenopril, determined after intraarterial injection, was rapid (ca. 25 ml/min/kg) and was similar to the Cl_total value reported previously for fosinopril sodium, another prodrug ACE inhibitor. Although the E _lungs value was relatively low, the lungs receive 100% of cardiac output and were estimated to contribute significantly to systemic bioactivation of zofenopril. The major sites of systemic bioactivation appear to be the lungs (ca. 44 to 65%) and liver (ca. 31%), whereas the hydrolysis of zofenopril by the blood per se does not apparently contribute to Cl_total.