重症急性胰腺炎治疗方案选择

目的 探讨重症急性胰腺炎治疗方案选择。方法 回顾分析本院10年来共收治重症急性胰腺炎68例，根据不同病情及治疗方法选择分析与预后关系。结果 重症梗阻性胆源性胰腺炎22例采用手术治疗。治仍率为（86.36%)。死亡3例，其原因为急性肾功能衰竭，ARDS（急性呼吸窘迫综合征）及MODS（多脏器功能衰竭）。重症非胆源性胰腺炎采用非手术治疗46例，治愈率为（84.78%)。死亡7例，其死亡原因分别为SIRS（全身炎性反应综合征），感染，中毒性休克，胰性脑病，MODS及ARDS。结论 重症梗阻性胆源性胰腺炎宜选择适当时机行急诊手术治疗，重症非胆源性胰腺炎应该积极抗休克，抗感染，防止肾衰及ARDS及MODS发生。同时应用胰蛋白酶抑制剂加甲磺酸贝酯（FOY），以提高疗效。     

重症急性胰腺炎并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征22例报告

重症急性胰腺炎 (severeacutepancreatitis ,SAP)病情危重 ,并发症多 ,常可引起多脏器、系统的损伤 ,甚至衰竭。急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (acuterespiratorydistress ,ARDS)是发生较早的严重并发症之一 ,已引起临床高度重视。本文回顾了我院 1997～ 2 0 0 3年ICU收治的重症急性胰腺炎并发ARDS者 2 2例 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组男 14例 ,女 8例 ;年龄 2 7～ 76岁 ,平均 56 3± 9 6岁。SAP的诊断标准按中华医学会胰腺外科学组于 2 0 0 1年制定的《重症急性胰腺炎诊治草案》[1];ARDS诊断依据中华医学会呼吸病学会 2 0 …     

重症胰腺炎合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征的早期护理体会

急性胰腺炎是常见的急腹症，急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）是重症胰腺炎常见而严重的并发症之一。该并发症预后差，发病机制复杂，病死率高。对14例重症胰腺炎并发ARDS的患者进行分析中早期治疗和精心护理，是降低其发生率和病死率的关键。     

地塞米松治疗重症胰腺炎并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效分析

目的 评估地塞米松治疗重症急性胰腺炎并发急性呼吸窘迫综合症患者的有效性和安全性.方法 58例重症急性胰腺炎患者按收住时间随机分成两组,治疗组除采用常规组的治疗措施外,加用大剂量地塞米松.比较两组急性呼吸窘迫综合症(ARDS)的发生率和病死率.结果 58例患者中,常规治疗组有17例(占65.4%)并发ARDS,死亡1 0例(占38.2%);地塞米松治疗组有10例(占35.7%)并发ARDS,死亡2例(占7.1%),组间差异有统计学意义,但在腹痛缓解时间、首次排便时间、消化道出血发生率及平均住院天数上,组间差异无统计学意义.结论 地塞米松对重症急性胰腺炎并发ARDS的疗效显著,能降低其病死率.     

46例重症急性胰腺炎并发症的诊治分析

目的探讨重症急性胰腺炎严重并发症的原因和诊治方法。方法对46例重症急性胰腺炎并发症进行回顾性分析。结果46例重症急性胰腺炎中型26例,型20例。各类并发症共105次。其中以休克、成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)、腹腔内感染、急性肾功能衰竭、胃肠瘘、胰瘘常见,病死率34.8%。结论重症急性胰腺炎主要的并发症应早期诊断,及时治疗。     

序贯性机械通气治疗重症胰腺炎并发的急性呼吸窘迫综合征

急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)是重症胰腺炎较常见及严重的并发症,其发病机理复杂,死亡率高。本文收集了我科1999年5月至2002年11月11例重症胰腺炎并发ARDS患者的临床资料。通过回顾分析,旨在探讨重症胰腺炎并发ARDS的临床特点、综合治疗和序贯性机械通气治疗的效果。     

生长抑素治疗急性重症胰腺炎的临床护理

目的探讨思他宁在治疗急性重症胰腺炎的护理要点。方法对临床运用思他宁治疗的58例急性重症胰腺炎患者进行严密观察。结果 3例合并有ARDS(成人呼吸窘迫综合征)死亡,2例合并脓毒血症转入呼吸内科治疗,其余53例经治愈出院。结论思他宁治疗急性重症胰腺炎患者,通过护患交流与护理,临床效果良好。     

重症急性胰腺炎术后的护理体会

目的探讨重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）术后的护理方法。方法对2007年1月-2008年1月间在我院住院的25例重症胰腺炎患者的临床资料和护理方法进行回顾性分析。结果术后平均住院（35．80±3．67）d,痊愈24例,并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）2例,急性肾功能不全1例,消化道出血1例;死亡1例,死亡原因为ARDS。结论通过密切观察病情,加强各引流管的护理,同时全面营养支持和心理宣教,能明显提高重症急性胰腺炎患者的治疗效果并促进患者的康复。     

重症急性胰腺炎真菌感染防治的研究进展

急性胰腺炎(AP)是一种常见病,目前具体病因尚不完全清楚,大多数患者为轻症型急性胰腺炎,少数患者为重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)。SAP可并发全身性疾病,急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)和多器官功能衰竭(MODS)是其早期死亡的主要原因。近年来采用全身综合治疗以及重症医学的发展,SAP患     

重症急性胰腺炎并发ARDS的治疗体会

成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)是重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)十分常见而病死率高的并发症之一。我院于1993-10~1999-10期间共收治重症急性胰腺炎合并ARDS 42例，现报道如下。1 临床资料42例中，男28例，女14例，年龄(66.2±3)岁，重症急性胰腺炎符合1996年10月第六届胰腺外科学术会议上提出的诊断及分级标准；ARDS符合1998年全国第二次ARDS专题讨论会修订的诊断标准。全组病例APACHE Ⅱ总平均分值为16.5分，最低为10分，最高为21分。存活的35例，其平均APACHE Ⅱ分值为13.4分。Ransom评分，3~5项者26例，6~8项者16例。Balthazar CT分级，…     

Anticholinergic prophylaxis of acute haloperidol-induced acute dystonic reactions

Young adults treated with a high potency neuroleptic such as haloperidol are at high risk of developing dystonic reactions. In this retrospective study, 15 of 16 young adult patients treated only with haloperidol had such reactions within 60 hours of beginning the drug, while none of the seven patients treated with haloperidol plus prophylactic benztropine mesylate developed dystonia. Although methodologic considerations limit the generalization of these results, they are consistent with other reports and suggest that initial anticholinergic prophylaxis is warranted in young patients treated with high potency antipsychotics. All dystonic reactions in these patients occurred within 2 1/2 days, justifying the consideration of discontinuing prophylaxis (which also causes side effects) after 1 week.     

成人急性荨麻疹与急性细菌性咽炎的关系

目的：了解急性荨麻疹发作与急性细菌性咽炎的关系。方法：选择观察组100例急性荨麻疹患者,对照组101例慢性荨麻疹患者,均进行全身体格检查及外周血全血细胞分类计数、咽拭子细菌培养,以观察荨麻疹发作与急性细菌性咽炎的关系。结果：治疗组中发现有27例有急性细菌性咽炎,而对照组中只发现有6例有急性细菌性咽炎,两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=14.742,P〈0.01）。结论：急性细菌性咽炎是急性荨麻疹发作的病因之一。     

急性闭角型青光眼双眼急性发作的诱因分析

目的对急性闭角型青光眼双眼急性发作的诱因进行分析以减少其发作。方法选取2008年6月～2011年6月本院收治的急性闭角型青光眼双眼急性发作的患者25例,立即对其进行降低眼内压治疗,待眼内压得到控制之后,进行滤过性手术的患者10例,进行虹膜激光透切术的患者15例。手术后进行双眼的前房深度测量以及周边前房深度测量,并测量双眼深度差,以及屈光状态。结果经数据整理,各诱因组之间P值均大于0.05,提示经治疗后,不同诱因的治愈率差异无统计学意义。结论疼痛的刺激、情绪的剧烈波动和M受体阻断剂等药物使瞳孔扩散增大,是此类疾病的最常见诱因,临床治疗护理工作中应引起足够重视。     

Pharmacotherapy of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome

Acute lung injury (ALI) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are characterized by rapid-onset respiratory failure following a variety of direct and indirect insults to the parenchyma or vasculature of the lungs. Mortality from ALI/ARDS is substantial, and current therapy primarily emphasizes mechanical ventilation and judicial fluid management plus standard treatment of the initiating insult and any known underlying disease. Current pharmacotherapy for ALI/ARDS is not optimal, and there is a significant need for more effective medicinal chemical agents for use in these severe and lethal lung injury syndromes. To facilitate future chemical-based drug discovery research on new agent development, this paper reviews present pharmacotherapy for ALI/ARDS in the context of biological and biochemical drug activities. The complex lung injury pathophysiology of ALI/ARDS offers an array of possible targets for drug therapy, including inflammation, cell and tissue injury, vascular dysfunction, surfactant dysfunction, and oxidant injury. Added targets for pharmacotherapy outside the lungs may also be present, since multiorgan or systemic pathology is common in ALI/ARDS. The biological and physiological complexity of ALI/ARDS requires the consideration of combined-agent treatments in addition to single-agent therapies. A number of pharmacologic agents have been studied individually in ALI/ARDS, with limited or minimal success in improving survival. However, many of these agents have complementary biological/biochemical activities with the potential for synergy or additivity in combination therapy as discussed in this article.     

Management of acute cholecystitis and acute cholangitis in emergency setting

Acute biliary infection (acute cholecystitis and acute cholangitis) is one of the common emergency conditions which carries significant morbidity and mortality. The risk factors are often associated with gallstones, biliary stasis and bile infection. Gram-negative bacteria are frequent isolates from bile and blood cultures in infectious cholangitis. Endotoxaemia from the gram-negative microbes results in circulatory shock and organ dysfunction. Therefore, prompt diagnosis with severity stratification and recognition of its potential rapid progression to life-threatening shock and multi-organ failure ensure execution of the three fundamental interventions in the initial management strategy, namely: resuscitation to support the organ, antimicrobial therapy and biliary decompression drainage to control the infection. This is the core principle in the management of severe acute cholangitis.     

37例急性毒鼠强中毒救治及护理体会

目的 :探讨急性毒鼠强中毒的救治护理措施以及有效的控制抽搐对患者病情的影响。方法 :回顾性分析我院近年来收治的37例急性毒鼠强中毒患者应用维生维B6 静注等综合救治护理措施。结果 :维生素B6 联合鲁米那钠静注对控制抽搐确实有效 ,37例中毒患者 ,临床治愈33例 ,死亡4例。结论 :急性毒鼠强中毒是一综合救治护理过程 ,控制抽搐当属重中之重 ,脑水肿和中毒性脑病的防治也不可忽视。     

Vascular pharmacology of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following sepsis, major trauma and surgery are leading causes of respiratory insufficiency, warranting artificial ventilation in the intensive care unit. It is caused by an inflammatory reaction in the lung upon exogenous or endogenous etiologies eliciting proinflammatory factors, and results in increased alveolocapillary permeability and protein-rich alveolar edema. The interstitial and alveolar inflammation and edema alter ventilation perfusion matching, gas exchange and mechanical properties of the lung. The current therapy of the condition is supportive, paying careful attention to fluid balance, relieving the increased work of breathing and improving gas exchange by mechanical ventilation, but in vitro, animal and some clinical research is done to evaluate the value of anti-inflammatory therapies on morbidity and outcome, including inflammatory cell-stabilizing corticosteroids, xanthine derivates, prostanoids and inhibitors, O(2) radical scavenging factors such as N-acetylcysteine, surfactant replacement, vasodilators including inhaled nitric oxide, vasoconstrictors such as almitrine, and others. None of these compounds has been proven to benefit survival in patients, however, even though carrying a physiologic benefit, except perhaps for steroids that may improve outcome in the later stage of ARDS. This partly relates to the difficulty to assess the lung injury at the bedside, to the multifactorial pathogenesis and the severity of comorbidity, adversely affecting survival.