滇西横断山区家畜体表蜱类调查及鉴定

目的 调查滇西横断山区家畜体表蜱的种类。方法 采集家畜体表寄生的蜱虫,经形态学鉴定后,用PCR法扩增蜱虫样本的16S rRNA、12S rRNA、COI、ITS2的基因片断,测序后进行序列分析。结果 共采集成虫蜱样本1 874只,经形态学鉴定为1科、1属(扇头蜱属Rhipicephalus)、4种,其中微小扇头蜱(R. microplus)1 637只(占87.35%)),镰形扇头蜱(R. haemaphysaloides)218只(11.63%),短小扇头蜱(R. pumilio)11只(0.59%),血红扇头蜱(R. sanguineus)8只(0.43%)。样品分子鉴定结果与形态学鉴定结果一致。系统发育树分析显示,微小扇头蜱Y2 16S rRNA、12S rRNA、COI、ITS2的基因序列分别与来自印度(EU918188)、贵州(KC503259)、马来西亚(KM246873)、贵州(KC503274)的微小扇头蜱在同一分支上,而与以往云南发现的微小扇头蜱不在同一分支;镰形扇头蜱Y5的 16S rRNA、12S rRNA和COI基因序列分别与来自泰国(KC170743)、台湾(DQ003005)和湖南(KM083593)的镰形扇头蜱在同一分支上;短小扇头蜱Y6和Y01 的ITS2基因序列与来自澳大利亚的短小扇头蜱(AF271282)在同一分支上。结论 滇西横断山区家畜体表蜱以微小扇头蜱为优势种,短小扇头蜱为云南境内首次发现。     

河南省信阳地区家畜寄生蜱感染巴贝虫的分子流行病学调查

目的 了解河南省信阳地区家畜寄生蜱感染巴贝虫的情况。方法 2022年6—8月在河南省信阳市光山县和商城县采集家畜动物体表寄生蜱,采用形态学和PCR扩增蜱虫16S rDNA鉴定蜱虫种类。提取蜱虫基因组DNA,采用巢式PCR扩增巴贝虫18S rRNA基因。目的条带经测序后,进行BLAST比对分析,采用邻接法构建系统进化树,采用MEGA7.0软件进行同源性分析。结果 共釆集335只蜱,形态学和PCR扩增鉴定结果显示,长角血蜱49只、微小扇头蜱208只、褐黄血蜱1只、具环扇头蜱34只、刻点血蜱43只。PCR扩增结果显示,335份蜱虫样品中有2份样品扩增出巴贝虫400 bp大小的目的条带,蜱虫巴贝虫总阳性率为0.6%。BLAST比对分析结果显示,1份样品扩增出的18S rRNA序列与GenBank中来自美国（MK609547）、泰国（MG199181）、中国（KU204794）的田鼠巴贝虫序列相似性均达99.26%;另1份样品扩增出的18S rRNA序列与GenBank中来自美国（MH620203）、印度（MN161136）和中国（KP666166）的吉氏巴贝虫序列相似性均达100%。系统进化树...     

广西地区家畜牛、羊体表硬蜱情况调查及种类鉴定

目的 掌握广西地区牛羊场硬蜱种类及其分子特征,了解该地区蜱类的分类地位,为养殖户防控硬蜱及蜱媒传染病提供参考依据。方法 本实验于2019年1月至2021年11月,采用动物体表法采集寄生的蜱类;提取蜱基因组,PCR扩增3种硬蜱的线粒体16S rDNA和COI基因片段,并进行同源性分析。基于邻接法,用MEGA6.0软件分别构建系统发生树,进行遗传进化分析。结果 牛羊体表上共采集蜱2 030只,隶属1科2属3种,其中微小扇头蜱1 968只,长角血蜱49只,具角血蜱13只。PCR扩增微小扇头蜱、长角血蜱和具角血蜱16S rDNA和COI基因片段长度分别是460 bp和710 bp左右,分别与GenBank中已登录的相应种类相似较高且在一个进化分支上。结论 广西地区牛羊场优势蜱种是微小扇头蜱且存在长角血蜱和具角血蜱。三蜱种16S rDNA和COI序列存在多样性和地域差异性。     

南宁某警犬基地蜱虫及病原体感染调查

目的了解广西南宁某警犬养殖训练基地蜱虫及病原体携带情况。方法 2013年7月在广西南宁某警犬养殖训练基地,采用逆毛式检蜱法采集犬体表以及犬舍墙壁的蜱虫,用巴贝虫属18S rRNA通用引物的巢式PCR、原核生物16S rRNA及真核生物线粒体16S rRNA通用引物的PCR和序列测定方法,鉴定蜱虫体内的病原体感染情况和蜱虫种类。结果从警犬体表及犬舍墙壁共计采集5只饱血蜱和13只饥饿蜱;经PCR鉴定均为血红扇头蜱(Rhipicephalus sanguineus)。蜱虫体内扩增到田鼠巴贝虫(Babesia microti)、伯纳特氏立克次氏体(Coxiella burnetii)、假单胞球菌(Pseudomonas sp.)、甲基杆菌(Methylobacterium sp.)DNA序列,阳性率分别为27.8%(5/18)、22.2%(4/18)、11.1%(2/18)、11.1%(2/18)。结论南宁某警犬养殖训练基地蜱虫存在一定比例的田鼠巴贝虫、伯纳特氏立克次氏体、假单胞球菌、甲基杆菌感染阳性率,对接触人员、及其他牲畜有潜在感染的风险,应加强预防和控制。     

江西省赣州市蜱携带立克次体和埃立克体的调研

目的 了解江西省赣州市蜱的种类及其携带的病原体,为蜱传疾病的防控提供科学依据方法 在野外用布旗法和在动物体表采集蜱,进行种类鉴定。用PCR法扩增立克次体(Rickettsia sp.)gltA基因和埃立克体(Ehrlichia sp.)16S rRNA基因片段并测序,进行系统进化分析结果 江西省赣州市4县采集的395只蜱的种类包括2属4种,分别为血蜱属的长角血蜱(Haemaphysalislongicornis)、嗜群血蜱(H. concinna)、具角血蜱(H. cornigera)和扇头蜱属的微小扇头蜱(Rhipicephalus microplus)。395只蜱分为43批检测立克次体和埃立克体,共有18批阳性。系统进化分析显示,龙南县22批蜱中检测到16批阳性,来源于具角血蜱的LN1615株与扇头蜱立克次体(R. rhipicephali)处于同一分支,来源于微小扇头蜱的LN1620株与马赛立克次体(R. massiliae)处于同一分支,其余的12株来源于具角血蜱和2株来源于微小扇头蜱,与日本立克次体(R. japonica)处于同一分支。崇义县CY1602株来源于嗜群血蜱与R. raoultii处于同一分支。于都县YD1606株为来源于长角血蜱的埃立克体,与2010年Yonaguni206(HQ697589)、Yonaguni138(HQ697588)和2009年HLAE178(GU075695)处于同一分支。安远县微小扇头蜱检测均为阴性结论 本文对江西省赣州市采集的蜱进行了鉴定,首次在江西省赣州市的蜱中检测到日本立克次体、扇头蜱立克次体、马赛立克次体、R. raoultii和埃立克体,为江西省蜱种类的调查及其传播疾病的预防控制提供根据。     

基于16S rDNA和COⅠ基因的3种血蜱分子生物学鉴定

目的利用16S rDNA基因及线粒体DNA细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(cytochrome oxidase subunitⅠgene,COⅠ)基因建立3种形态学特征相近的血蜱属蜱类-长角血蜱、褐黄血蜱及铃头血蜱的分子生物学鉴定方法,探讨它们的系统发生关系。方法在上海市动物体表采集寄生蜱,在解剖显微镜下进行形态学鉴定后,提取蜱样本基因组DNA,采用PCR方法从蜱基因组中扩增16S rDNA及COⅠ基因,测序后进行同源性分析,用Mega 6.0软件分别构建系统发生树并进行系统进化分析。结果3种血蜱中长角血蜱的16S rDNA序列和COⅠ序列与GenBank中的长角血蜱的16S rDNA序列和COⅠ序列同源性分别为96.0%~97.2%,96.9%~98.8%;褐黄血蜱的16S rDNA序列和COⅠ序列与GenBank中的褐黄血蜱的16S rDNA序列和COⅠ序列同源性分别为95.9%~98.3%、87.1%~91.9%;铃头血蜱的16S rDNA序列与GenBank中来自日本的铃头血蜱(AB819170)的16S rDNA序列同源性为97.5%;3种血蜱16S rDNA基因之间的同源性分别为88.0%、87.0%、86.9%,COⅠ基因之间的同源性分别为80.4%、80.8%、82.8%。用16S rDNA及COⅠ基因构建系统发生树中,长角血蜱、褐黄血蜱分别与已知的长角血蜱和褐黄血蜱聚在一起,长角血蜱、褐黄血蜱均形成独立的分支。结论在传统形态学分类的基础上结合分子生物学鉴定方法能更准确地鉴定蜱的种类,并能更好地了解其系统发育进化关系。     

塔里木盆地三种扇头蜱的鉴别要点

目的 澄清三种扇头蜱的存在,列出3种扇头蜱的鉴别要点.方法 从不同自然景观和家、野生动物体上采集蜱类进行分类鉴定.结果 共获得蜱类18 000余只.经鉴定隶属2科5属10种.结论 其中优势蜱种为璃眼蜱属Hyalomma中的种类.其次是扇头蜱属Rhipicephalus、革蜱属Dermacentor、血蜱属Haemaphysalis和钝缘蜱属Ornithodoros的种类.     

吉林省延边地区自然生境内蜱种类的调查

目的调查吉林省延边地区自然生境内蜱的种类和分布。方法 2014年5—7月在延边地区龙井市、珲春市、延吉市3个市的6个调查位点用布旗法采集游离蜱类样本,显微镜下依据经典蜱类形态学种属鉴定蜱的种类。结果共采集的蜱280只,隶属2属2种,其中长角血蜱占94.64%(265/280)、全沟硬蜱占5.36%(15/280)。龙井市采集的86只蜱中,长角血蜱和全沟硬蜱的比例分别为83.72%(72/86)和16.28%(14/86);珲春市采集的187只蜱中,长角血蜱和全沟硬蜱的比例分别为99.47%(186/187)和0.53%(1/187);延吉市采集的7只蜱全部是长角血蜱。结论延边地区自然生境内主要以长角血蜱和全沟硬蜱为主,长角血蜱是优势蜱。     

云南临沧地区蜱种分子生物学鉴定及埃立克体基因序列分析

目的 了解云南临沧地区蜱虫种类及其自然感染埃立克体的情况。方法 采集耕牛体表寄生的蜱虫,经形态学鉴定和分组后,从蜱虫中提取DNA,应用PCR扩增蜱虫COI基因以及埃立克体16S rRNA和groEL基因,并测序分析。结果 共采集到蜱虫42只,其中微小牛蜱38只占90.48%、血蜱4只占9.52%。将每种蜱的2只为1组,在21组样本中,检出COI片断21份(检出率100%);在相同的4组样本中均检出埃立克体16S rRNA片断和groEL片断4份(检出率19.05%)。基因序列分析,检出的COI片断序列中有2份与澳大利亚pava血蜱(JX573136)的同源性最高(89.3%),其余19份序列与马来西亚微小牛蜱B3的同源性最高(99.5%);检出的4份16S rRNA片断序列完全一致,与美国查菲埃立克体Arkansas和埃文埃立克体Aa2FT349及中国北京查菲埃立克体BY-YQ-HME-O18株的同源性均为100%;检出的4份groEL片断序列也完全一致,与日本埃立克体Yonaguni206 株的同源性最高均为93.9%。结论 经分子检测证实云南临沧地区耕牛体表微小牛蜱中存在一种类似日本Yonaguni206株的埃立克体感染,耕牛体表还可能寄生一种新的血蜱。     

湖北省长角血蜱携带嗜吞噬细胞无形体的调查

目的调查湖北省长角血蜱是否携带嗜吞噬细胞无形体。方法运用聚合酶链反应方法对湖北随州地区采集的蜱标本进行嗜吞噬细胞无形体16S rRNA基因片段进行扩增和序列分析,将扩增序列与GenBank注册的基因序列进行比较。结果共检测游离蜱72只,蜱种鉴定均为长角血蜱,嗜吞噬细胞无形体最小感染率为4.22%;所检出的嗜吞噬细胞无形体16S rRNA基因与我国已在GenBank注册的24个相对应序列同源性100%。结论湖北省长角血蜱携带嗜吞噬细胞无形体。     

Control of intraabdominal hemorrhage and shock: a comparison of fluid resuscitation, MAST, and balloon occlusion

Our study examined the efficacy of four treatment modalities in controlling hemorrhage and achieving hemodynamic stabilization in hemorrhagic shock: intravenous fluid replacement (IV); military antishock trousers used concomitantly with fluids (MAST); balloon occlusion at the level of the diaphragm with concomitant fluid replacement (balloon); and a combination of MAST inflation, balloon occlusion, and fluid resuscitation (MAST and balloon). Twenty-eight mongrel dogs were anesthetized, and the spleen was exposed and completely crushed. The abdomen was closed, and treatment was initiated and continued for four hours or until the dog died. For all conditions the hematocrit dropped during the course of the experiment; balloon occlusion was effective at slowing this drop (P less than .0001), but MAST had no statistically significant effect. Animals with balloons bled more slowly into the abdominal cavity than did animals in the other two groups (P less than .0001). MAST also were effective at slowing the bleeding (P less than .05). Of the balloon and the MAST and balloon dogs, all except one survived the entire four hours; this difference between balloon and nonballoon dogs is significant (P = .002). MAST did not have a statistically significant effect on survival. Perfusion pressure (PP) declined during the course of the experiment, and the balloon was effective at slowing this decline (P less than .0001); none of the other comparisons was statistically significant.     

Use of fab fragments of digoxin-specific antibodies in the therapy of massive digoxin poisoning

A case of massive digoxin ingestion with multiple arrhythmias, consisting of high grade A-V block and ventricular ectopy not responsive to lidocaine, is described. The arrhythmias ceased following administration of digoxin-specific Fab fragments. The patient improved and was transferred to the psychiatric unit.     

Comparison of intravenous and oral routes of theophylline loading in acute asthma

In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, 19 patients with an acute exacerbation of asthma were given a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV (n = 10) or oral route (n = 9) of administration following treatment with epinephrine. Plasma concentrations of theophylline were measured prior to giving the loading dose, and one, two, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by analyzing spirometric measurements prior to giving the loading dose, and one, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Side effects also were recorded. In the IV group, the mean peak plasma theophylline concentration was 15.1 micrograms/mL one hour after loading, and in the oral group the mean peak serum theophylline concentration was 14.2 micrograms/mL three hours after loading. There was no correlation between theophylline concentrations and normalized change in spirometric values. There was no significant difference in spirometric values between the IV and oral groups. Nausea was slightly more common in the IV group. We conclude that there is no therapeutic advantage to giving a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV route rather than orally in patients with mild-to-moderate exacerbation of asthma initially treated with epinephrine.     

Application of Granular Biocomposites Based on Homogenised Peat for Absorption of Oil Products

Among the various methods for collecting oil spills and oil products, including from the water surface, one of the most effective is the use of sorbents. In this work, three-component bio-based composite granular adsorbents were produced and studied for oil products’ pollution collection. A bio-based binder made of peat, devulcanised crumb rubber from used tyres, and part fly ash as cenospheres were used for absorbent production. The structure, surface morphology, porosity, mechanical properties, and sorption kinetics of the obtained samples were studied. Composite hydrophobicity and sorption capacity to oil products, such as diesel fuel (DF) and motor oil (MO), were determined. The obtained pellets are characterised by a sufficiently pronounced ability to absorb oil products such as DF. As the amount of CR in the granules increases, the diesel absorption capacity increases significantly. The case of 30-70-0 is almost three times higher than the granules from homogenised peat. The increase in q is due to two factors: the pronounced surface hydrophobicity of the samples (Θ = 152°) and a heterogeneous porous granule structure. The presence of the cenosphere in the biocomposite reduces its surface hydrophobicity while increasing the diesel absorption capacity. Relatively rapid realisation of the maximum saturation by the MO was noted. In common, the designed absorbent shows up to 0.7 g·g⁻¹ sorption capacity for MO and up to 1.55 g·g⁻¹ sorption capacity for diesel. A possible mechanism of DF absorption and the limiting stages of the process approximated for different kinetic models are discussed. The Weber–Morris diffusion model is used to primarily distinguish the limiting effect of the external and internal diffusion of the adsorbate on the absorption process.     

Role of microRNA in regulation of myeloma-related angiogenesis and survival

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease caused by clonal proliferation of plasma cells that result in monoclonal gammopathy and severe end organ damage. Despite the uniform clinical signs, the disease is very diverse in terms of the nature and sequence of the underlying molecular events. Multiple cellular processes are involved in helping the malignant cells to remain viable and maintain proliferative properties in the hypoxic microenvironment of the bone marrow. Specifically, the process of angiogenesis, triggered by the interactions between the malignant MM cells and the stroma cells around them, was found to be critical for MM progression. In this review we highlight the current understanding about the epigenetic regulation of the proliferation and apoptosis of MM cells and its dependency on angiogenesis in the bone marrow that is carried out by different microRNAs.     

RNA-Seq在老年神经退行性疾病研究中的应用

阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病是老年人最常见的两种神经退行性疾病,但其发病机制及治疗是研究的热点。随着高通量测序技术的进步及成本的下降,RNA-Seq也成为神经退行性疾病机制研究及生物标志物发现的有力手段。RNA-Seq相对于microarray具有高灵敏度、高准确性、高重复性以及噪声低等优势,在阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病研究中有较为广泛的应用,包括检测差异表达基因,可变剪接、新长链非编码RNA预测分析和miRNAs调控等,但是容易受病理复杂性及样本等因素影响。目前阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病转录组研究相比于癌症等还不够深入,在临床诊断及治疗应用还面临较大挑战。但是随着新技术及新方法的发展,RNA-Seq将进一步推动神经退行性相关疾病的研究和临床转化。     

安徽巢湖市丝虫病控制、消除历程和监测报告

【摘要】 目的  回顾并总结巢湖市丝虫病的流行、控制,以及消除丝虫病的历程。 方法  统计分析1970~1989年在该市采取以消灭传染源、切断传播途径为主的防治策略,以及展开大规模防治的各个阶段。 结果  1989年,采用分层整群抽样调查方法调查,微丝蚴率下降至0.032%,以行政村为单位,微丝蚴率已控制在1.0%以下,达到卫生部规定的基本消灭丝虫病标准;1991年,经省级调查考核,认定全市已达到卫生部规定的基本消灭丝虫病标准。1996年,省级审评确认已达到卫生部颁布的消灭丝虫病标准。经过10年的监测和跟踪治疗,到2005年,全市丝虫病病原学监测未查见微丝蚴阳性者,解剖镜检人房内淡色库蚊1 348只,蚊体内均未查见人体幼丝虫。 结论  巢湖市达到了消除丝虫病的标准。     

A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation

The role of the external and internal anal sphincters in the mechanism of anal continence is presented. The external sphincter induces continence by 1) preventing internal sphincter relaxation, what I have called the “voluntary inhibition action,” and 2) mechanical compression of the rectal neck and anal canal proper. The mechanism of both actions is described. The internal sphincter plays a significant role not only in involuntary, but also in voluntary, continence. The importance of this role in the correction of anal incontinence is clarified. “Stress defecation,” a condition which follows internal sphincter damage, is discussed. A “single loop continence” theory is presented, based on the fact that each of the three loops of the external sphincter has its own innervation, attachment, and direction of muscle bundles; each loop thus acts as a separate sphincter. The clinical application of this theory is presented.