Transwell侵袭小室技术的改良及其在人骨髓间充质干细胞诱导分化中的应用

目的：分离、培养和鉴定人骨髓间充质干细胞（Mesenchymal stem cells，MSCs），应用改良的Transwell侵袭小室技术，探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）及内皮细胞条件诱导液对其体外诱导分化中的作用。方法：采用Percoll（1．073g／ml）分离液分离骨髓单个核细胞，体外培养MSCs，流式细胞术分析鉴定MSCs的纯度，Transwell侵袭小室技术结合LSCM，实时监测MSCs在Matrigel与VEGF／内皮细胞条件诱导液构成的内皮细胞生长微环境中的运动迁移情况。结果：经Percoll分离、体外培养扩增的MSCs，细胞纯度可达95％左右；VEGF组迁移的深度虽高于对照组（P〈0．05），但迁移至聚碳酸脂膜下的细胞与对照组相比，并无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。内皮细胞条件诱导液促进MSCs的迁移，在Matrigel内迁移的深度及迁移至聚碳酸脂膜下的细胞均明显多于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：共聚焦激光扫描显微术与Transwell侵袭小室技术的结合，能够从时间和空间上对后者进行观察，使该实验得到改良；利用内皮细胞条件诱导液与Matrigel模拟体外内皮细胞生长的微环境，并从空间上观测了MSCs穿越人工基底膜的情况，为MSCs向内皮细胞体外诱导开辟了新的思路。     

Nutritional improvement of the endothelial control of vascular tone by polyphenols: role of NO and EDHF

Numerous studies indicate that regular intake of polyphenol-rich beverages (red wine and tea) and foods (chocolate, fruit, and vegetables) is associated with a protective effect on the cardiovascular system in humans and animals. Beyond the well-known antioxidant properties of polyphenols, several other mechanisms have been shown to contribute to their beneficial cardiovascular effects. Indeed, both experimental and clinical studies indicate that polyphenols improve the ability of endothelial cells to control vascular tone. Experiments with isolated arteries have shown that polyphenols cause nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxations and increase the endothelial formation of NO. The polyphenol-induced NO formation is due to the redox-sensitive activation of the phosphatidylinositol3-kinase/Akt pathway leading to endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activation subsequent to its phosphorylation on Ser 1177. Besides the phosphatidylinositol3-kinase/Akt pathway, polyphenols have also been shown to activate eNOS by increasing the intracellular free calcium concentration and by activating estrogen receptors in endothelial cells. In addition to causing a rapid and sustained activation of eNOS by phosphorylation, polyphenols can increase the expression level of eNOS in endothelial cells leading to an increased formation of NO. Moreover, the polyphenol-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation also involves endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, besides NO, in several types of arteries. Altogether, polyphenols have the capacity to improve the endothelial control of vascular tone not only in several experimental models of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension but also in healthy and diseased humans. Thus, these experimental and clinical studies highlight the potential of polyphenol-rich sources to provide vascular protection in health and disease.     

端粒酶活性在骨髓间充质干细胞体外分化过程中的表达观察

为了探讨兔骨髓间充质干细胞体外增殖前后及诱导分化内皮细胞过程中端粒酶活性的表达及意义，我们联合应用密度梯度离心和贴壁培养法分离骨髓间充质干细胞，继而诱导其向内皮细胞方向分化，用TRAPeze ELISA法分别检测新鲜分离的骨髓细胞及骨髓间充质干细胞、原代培养的内皮样细胞及传代细胞端粒酶活性，结果发现新鲜分离的骨髓细胞及增殖前的骨髓间充质干细胞端粒酶活性低水平表达，一旦经过VEGF诱导分化，细胞端粒酶活性表达上调，在5代内其端粒酶活性不因细胞传代而下降或消失，说明骨髓间充质干细胞体外有限扩增和诱导分化时保持端粒酶活性，维持组织干细胞特性，为组织干细胞的临床研究奠定理论基础。     

Effects of pulsatile shear stress on signaling mechanisms controlling nitric oxide production, endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation, and expression in ovine fetoplacental artery endothelial cells.

During gestation, placental blood flow, endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production, and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression are elevated dramatically. Shear stress can induce flow-mediated vasodilation, endothelial NO production, and eNOS expression. Both the activity and expression of eNOS are closely regulated because it is the rate-limiting enzyme essential for NO synthesis. The authors adapted CELLMAX artificial capillary modules to study the effects of pulsatile flow/shear stress on ovine fetoplacental artery endothelial (OFPAE) cell NO production, eNOS expression, and eNOS phosphorylation. This model allows for the adaptation of endothelial cells to low physiological flow environments and thus prolonged shear stresses. The cells were grown to confluence at 3 dynes/cm2, then were exposed to 10, 15, or 25 dynes/cm2 for up to 24 h and NO production, eNOS mRNA, and eNOS protein expression were elevated by shear stress in a graded fashion (p < .05). Production of NO by OFPAE cells exposed to pulsatile shear stress was de novo; i.e., inhibited by L-NMMA (N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine) and reversed by excess NOS substrate L-arginine. Rises in NO production at 25 dynes/cm2 (8-fold) exceeded (p < .05) that seen for eNOS protein (3.6-fold) or eNOS mRNA (1.5-fold). Acute rises in NO production with shear stress occurred by eNOS activation, whereas prolonged NO rises were via elevations in both eNOS expression and enzyme activation. The authors therefore used Western analysis to investigate the signaling mechanisms underlying pulsatile shear stress-induced increases in eNOS phosphorylation and protein expression by "flow-adapted" OFPAE cells. Increasing shear stress from 3 to 15 dynes/cm2 very rapidly increased eNOS Ser1177, ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2) and Akt, but not p38 MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphorylation by Western analysis. Phosphorylation of eNOS Ser1177 under shear stress was elevated by 20 min, a response that was blocked by PI-3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002, but not the MEK (MAPK kinase) inhibitor UO126. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) enhanced eNOS protein levels in static culture via a MEK-mediated mechanism, but it could not further augment the elevated eNOS protein levels induced by 15 dynes/cm2 shear stress. Blocking of either signaling pathways or p38 MAPK did not change the shear stress-induced increase in eNOS protein levels. Therefore, shear stress induced rapid eNOS phosphorylation on Ser1177 in OFPAE cells through a PI-3K-dependent pathway. The bFGF-induced rise in eNOS protein levels in static culture was much less than those observed under flow and was blocked by inhibiting MEK. Prolonged shear stress-stimulated increases in eNOS protein levels were not affected by inhibition of MEK- or PI-3K-mediated pathways. In conclusion, pulsatile shear stress greatly induces NO production by OFPAE cells through the mechanisms of both PI-3K-mediated eNOS activation and elevations in eNOS protein levels; bFGF does not further stimulate eNOS expression under flow condition.     

Elevated glucose attenuates agonist- and flow-stimulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in microvascular retinal endothelial cells.

Impaired vasoactive release of opposing vasodilator and vasoconstrictor mediators due to endothelial dysfunction is integral to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hyperglycemia on the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the release of nitric oxide (NO) in bovine microvascular retinal endothelial cells (BRECs) under both static (basal and acetylcholine stimulated) and flow (laminar shear stress [10 dynes/cm2 and pulsatile flow 0.3 to 23 dynes/cm2) conditions using a laminar shear apparatus and an in vitro perfused transcapillary culture system. The activity and expression of eNOS, measured by nitrate levels and immunoblot, respectively, were determined following exposure of BRECs to varying concentrations of glucose and mannitol (0 to 25 mM). Under static conditions the expression of eNOS decreased significantly following exposure to increasing concentrations of glucose when compared to osmotic mannitol controls and was accompanied by a significant dose-dependent decrease in nitrate levels in conditioned medium. The acetylcholine stimulated increase in NO release (2.0 +/- 0.3-fold) was significantly reduced by 55% +/- 5% and 65% +/- 4.5% following exposure to 16 and 25 mM glucose, respectively, when compared to osmotic controls. In parallel studies, glucose significantly inhibited both laminar shear stress and pulsatile flow-induced activity when compared to mannitol. We conclude that hyperglycemia impairs agonist- and flow-dependent release of NO in retinal microvascular endothelial cells and may thus contribute to the vascular endothelial dysfunction and impaired autoregulation of diabetic retinopathy.     

A new continuous monitoring system for simultaneous measurements of intracellular calcium and either endothelial permeability or leukocyte extravasation

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: We have developed a continuous monitoring system that will quantify lymphocyte extravasation or intercellular permeability with intracellular calcium measurements in a single preparation. Materials: Human microvascular endothelial cells, human lymphocytes and histamine. TREATMENT: Endothelial barrier function and intracellular calcium were examined upon application of either human lymphocytes (1 x 10(5) cells/ml) or histamine (1 microM). METHODS: Endothelial cells labeled with FURA-2 were examined for both changes in endothelial barrier function and mobilization of intracellular calcium using fluorescence spectroscopy and ratio imaging, respectively. RESULTS: Increases in endothelial intracellular calcium occur in the first minute and are followed by increases in endothelial intercellular permeability to albumin (5-7 min) or lymphocytes (15-20 min). Approximately 60 min following calcium mobilization, there was a second and larger extravasation. CONCLUSION: The continuous monitoring system expands our understanding of the time course of the permeability and extravasation events to mobilization of endothelial intracellular calcium.     

不同组织来源间充质干细胞向血管内皮细胞诱导分化的研究与进展

文章快速阅读：文题释义： 血管内皮细胞：亦称内皮细胞,是胚胎发育最早分化的组织,且属于中胚层,通常指在心、血管和淋巴管内表面的单层扁平上皮,其形成血管的内壁。血管内皮细胞具有吞噬异物、细菌和衰老及坏死组织的功能,还参与免疫活动。理论上间充质干细胞可以分化为血管内皮细胞。 诱导间充质干细胞分化为内皮细胞的主要因素：细胞分化是由许多分子信号通路调控的复杂过程,在细胞分化早期干细胞通过旁分泌作用释放信号蛋白分子,如血小板衍生生长因子、血管内皮生长因子A、转化生长因子β和Wnts等,刺激距离较远的细胞内的信号级联,使细胞定向分化。 摘要 背景：间充质干细胞可诱导分化为血管内皮细胞,在体外可形成血管移植物用于临床治疗缺血性疾病、血管组织工程及再生医学等领域。 目的：总结间充质干细胞的生物学特征,不同组织来源间充质干细胞诱导分化为血管内皮细胞的相关研究进展。 方法：文章由第一作者于2015年9至11月期间检索PubMed、Sciencedirect、Medline数据库2000年1月至2015年6月的相关文章,限定文章语言种类为English,检索词为“mesenchymal stem cells,vascular endothelial cell,cell differentiation”,初检文章156篇,筛选后对51篇文章进行分类总结。 结果与结论：①间充质干细胞来源广泛,其中骨髓来源研究最早最多,但随供者年龄增大,其增殖及分化能力随之减弱;②脐带、胎盘、羊膜都是产妇自体产物且分娩后会遗弃,故获取间充质干细胞比较容易,同时对新生儿和产妇不会造成任何痛苦和心理负担,受者更易于接受,不会引起道德伦理及法律方面的纠纷;③脐血来源充足,免疫原性较弱,且受胎盘屏障保护使其成分被病毒、细菌污染的概率低;④羊水因取材方式等限制其在临床应用。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程 ORCID: 0000-0002-2983-8929(陈国华)     

缺氧条件下间充质干细胞以旁分泌方式影响脑微血管内皮细胞的功能

目的：探讨缺氧条件下间充质干细胞（MSCs）以旁分泌方式对脑微血管内皮细胞（BMECs）的增殖、迁移和细胞单层通透性的影响。 方法:分离、培养并鉴定人MSCs和大鼠BMECs，ELISA检测细胞条件培养基中VEGF和MMP-9的含量，跨内皮电阻（TEER）检测反映脑BMECs单层通透性的变化，观察不同条件培养基对缺氧BMECs增殖、迁移和通透性的影响。结果:VEGF和MMP-9在MSCs条件培养基中的含量显著高于BMECs条件培养基，缺氧处理的MSCs条件培养基中VEGF和MMP-9含量比正常MSCs条件培养基显著增高；MSCs条件培养基能明显促进BMECs在缺氧条件下的增殖和迁移，但也使BMECs的TEER显著降低（50.5％±2.6％，P<0.05），这些作用在不同程度上能被VEGF抗体和MMP-9抑制剂所抑制。结论:缺氧条件下MSCs可通过旁分泌方式促进BMECs增殖和迁移，但同时也增加了BMECs单层的通透性。     

骨髓间充质干细胞作血管组织工程种子细胞的研究进展

骨髓间充质干细胞易于分离培养,增殖能力强,体外培养多次传代后仍保持多向分化潜能其以自身多方面的特点已成为血管组织工程又一种可选择的种子细胞,对临床应用具有重要价值,但其进一步体外成血管的条件尚需深入研究。综述人骨髓间充质干细胞hMSCs体外培养、定向分化为内皮细胞的条件及相关研究进展。     

Alterations in the activity and expression of endothelial NO synthase in aged human endothelial cells

This study was to investigate factors underlying the age-related decrease in NO production in vascular endothelial cells. The age-related changes in NO production, the activity and expression level of eNOS, and eNOS binding proteins, were studied in HUVECs.NO production in HUVECs significantly decreased in an age-dependent manner. The potentiation of NO production by l-Arg was significantly suppressed by L-NIO (eNOS-specific inhibitor) in young HUVECs and was suppressed by 1400W (iNOS-specific inhibitor) in aged HUVECs. The aged HUVECs had lower eNOS protein levels than young cells. eNOS phosphorylation at Ser-1177 (active) decreased gradually from PDL 23 through 40, and eNOS phosphorylation at Thr-495 (inactive) increased in aged cells. Changes of intracellular eNOS binding proteins, such as caveolin-1, pAkt, and Hsp90, as well as interaction between eNOS and eNOS binding proteins, indicated decreasing enzyme activity in aged HUVECs.Aging might decrease the activity as well as expression level of eNOS in HUVECs. And the decrease in eNOS activity probably implicated to the alterations in the regulatory binding proteins. For further study, it needs to be confirmed that the age-related change in the intracellular distribution of eNOS and the relative contribution of eNOS and iNOS on vascular dysfunction in aged endothelial cells.     

体外培养人骨髓间充质干细胞向表皮细胞分化及表皮细胞角蛋白的表达

背景：动物实验已经证实骨髓间充质干细胞体外诱导可分化为表皮细胞。 目的：观察体外培养条件下人骨髓间充质干细胞向表皮细胞的分化及表皮细胞角蛋白表达。   方法：采用Ficoll-Paque密度梯度离心法提取人胚胎骨髓间充质干细胞,以免疫细胞化学及流式细胞仪测定细胞表面CD33、CD34标记物进行鉴定。取第3代骨髓间充质干细胞以30%条件培养基诱导其向表皮细胞分化,免疫细胞化学染色观察诱导后细胞形态与细胞角蛋白水平变化。 结果与结论：采用密度梯度离心法从人胚胎骨髓中分离培养得到细胞成分均一的骨髓间充质干细胞。骨髓间充质干细胞经体外诱导后,出现细胞角蛋白19表达阳性细胞,说明骨髓间充质干细胞在体外诱导后可能发生向表皮细胞分化。     

Conditioned media from mesenchymal stem cells enhanced bone regeneration in rat calvarial bone defects

Tissue engineering has recently become available as a treatment procedure for bone augmentation. However, this procedure has several problems, such as high capital investment and expensive cell culture, complicated safety and quality management issues regarding cell handling, and patient problems with the invasive procedure of cell collection. Moreover, it was reported that stem cells secrete many growth factors and chemokines during their cultivation, which could affect cellular characteristics and behavior. This study investigated the effect of stem-cell-cultured conditioned media on bone regeneration. Cultured conditioned media from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-CM) enhanced the migration, proliferation, and expression of osteogenic marker genes, such as osteocalcin and Runx2, of rat MSCs (rMSCs) in vitro. MSC-CM includes cytokines such as insulin-like growth factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor. In vivo, a prepared bone defect of a rat calvarial model was implanted in five different rat groups using one of the following graft materials: human MSCs/agarose (MSCs), MSC-CM/agarose (MSC-CM), Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium without serum [DMEM(-)]/agarose [DMEM(-)], PBS/agarose (PBS), and defect only (Defect). After 4 and 8 weeks, implant sections were evaluated using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analysis. Micro-CT analysis indicated that the MSC-CM group had a greater area of newly regenerated bone compared with the other groups (p<0.05) and histological analysis at 8 weeks indicated that the newly regenerated bone bridge almost covered the defect. Interestingly, the effects of MSC-CM were stronger than those of the MSC group. In vivo imaging and immunohistochemical staining of transgenic rats expressing green fluorescent protein also showed that migration of rMSCs to the bone defect in the MSC-CM group was greater than in the other groups. These results demonstrated that MSC-CM can regenerate bone through mobilization of endogenous stem cells. The use of stem-cell-cultured conditioned media for bone regeneration is a unique concept that utilizes paracrine factors of stem cells without cell transplantation.     

金粉蕨素对甲萘醌损伤人脐静脉内皮细胞的保护作用

目的: 探讨金粉蕨素对氧化应激损伤人脐静脉内皮细胞的保护作用。方法: 以甲萘醌损伤人脐静脉内皮细胞,作为氧化损伤模型;采用MTT法,测定内皮细胞的生长抑制率;用硝酸还原酶法测定培养液中NO₂^-／NO₃^-含量;以Westernblot方法检测细胞内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)活性及小凹蛋白(caveolin-1)表达。结果: 金粉蕨素呈剂量依赖性地降低甲萘醌对内皮细胞的生长抑制率,增加培养液中NO₂^-／NO₃^-含量,保护eNOS活性、阻止caveolin-1表达下降。结论: 金粉蕨素可能通过caveolin-1/eNOS通路介导对抗甲萘醌对内皮细胞的氧化损伤作用。     

PI3K/Akt/eNOS信号通路在葛根素抑制ox-LDL诱导的血管内皮细胞组织因子表达中的作用

目的:探讨磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/内皮型一氧化氮合酶(PI3K/Akt/eNOS)信号通路在葛根素(puerarin)抑制氧化型低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low-density lipoprotein,ox-LDL)诱导的血管内皮细胞组织因子(tissue factor,TF)表达中的作用。方法:实时荧光定量PCR检测TF的mRNA表达,Western blot检测TF和Akt的蛋白表达,硝酸盐还原酶法检测一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)含量。结果:与对照组相比,ox-LDL孵育内皮细胞后,内皮细胞TF的mRNA和蛋白表达升高,Akt蛋白磷酸化水平降低,细胞内NO产生减少;而葛根素预孵育内皮细胞1 h后,再用ox-LDL孵育,内皮细胞TF mRNA和蛋白表达下降,Akt蛋白磷酸化升高,细胞内NO产生增多;PI3K抑制剂LY294002和葛根素共同预孵育内皮细胞1 h后,再用ox-LDL孵育,内皮细胞TF的mRNA和蛋白表达升高,Akt蛋白磷酸化降低,细胞内NO产生减少;eNOS抑制剂NG-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)和葛根素共同预孵育内皮细胞,也明显阻断葛根素对ox-LDL诱导的内皮细胞TF mRNA和蛋白表达、细胞Akt蛋白磷酸化和细胞内NO产生的作用。结论:葛根素可通过上调PI3K/Akt/eNOS信号通路抑制ox-LDL诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞TF mRNA和蛋白表达。     

Mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium triggers neuroinflammation and reactive species generation in organotypic cultures of rat hippocampus

Cell therapy using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seems to be a new alternative for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite several promising results with their use, possible side effects are still unknown. In a previous work, we have shown that MSC-conditioned medium is toxic to hippocampal slice cultures and aggravates cell death induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation. In this work, we investigated whether the inflammatory response and/or reactive species formation could be involved in that toxicity. Rat organotypic hippocampal cultures were exposed for 24 h to conditioned medium from MSCs isolated from rat bone marrow. A marked glial activation was observed after exposure of cultures to MSC-conditioned medium, as evidenced by glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and isolectin B(4) increase. Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels were increased in the culture medium, and 2,7-dihydrodichlorofluorescein diacetate oxidation (indicating reactive species generation) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunocontent were also higher after exposure of cultures to MSC-conditioned medium. Antioxidants (ascorbic acid and TROLOX(?)), N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, and anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin and dexamethasone) reduced cell death in hippocampal organotypic cultures after their exposure to MSC-conditioned medium. The results obtained here suggest that MSC-secreted factors trigger reactive species generation and neuroinflammation in organotypic cultures of hippocampus, introducing a note of caution in the use of these cells for neurological application.     

Dynamics of intracellular superoxide and NO content in human endotheliocytes and carcinoma cells after treatment with NO synthase inhibitors

The dynamics of intracellular levels of superoxide and NO after cell treatment with NO synthase inhibitors were studied in human cells expressing various NOS isoforms: endotheliocytes and ECV-304 (eNOS) and carcinoma cells and HeLa-G63 (iNOS). Cytometric analysis of changes in the cell fluorescence intensity was carried out using superoxide and NO fluorescent indicators (dihydroethidene and DAF-2-DA, respectively). Intracellular levels of superoxide decreased in HeLa-G63 and ECV-304 cells after their incubation in medium with aminoguanidine, L-NAME, and D-NAME. Intracellular NO level decreased only in HeLa-G63 cells after incubation in medium with aminoguanidine and L-NAME, but not D-NAME. The level of NO returned to normal after 7-h culturing in inhibitor-free medium, while the level of superoxide increased and remained high throughout 3 generations. Incubation of cells with D-NAME did not increase the intracellular level of superoxide. Presumably, high prolonged generation of superoxide is a delayed result of inhibition of NO synthesis in HeLa-G63 cells.     

3种组织来源的间充质干细胞体外成骨能力的比较

目的比较成人骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)、人脐带间充质干细胞(UC-MSCs)和人胎盘间充质干细胞(P-MSCs)的成骨能力。方法用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/Ham's F-12培养液培养3种MSCs,CCK8法检测增殖能力,流式细胞仪鉴定3种细胞。碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和茜素红染色观察细胞经成骨诱导后成骨分化蛋白-ALP的分泌和矿化钙结节的沉积。实时荧光定量PCR(RT-q PCR)法检测MSCs骨再生相关基因的表达。Western blot方法检测MSCs成骨再生相关基因的蛋白表达。结果 MSCs在第3天进入对数增殖期。3种细胞的表面标志物阳性率:CD44、CD90和CD105均高于98%。3种MSCs成骨诱导9 d时,3种MSCs的实验组均表达大量成骨分化蛋白-ALP,成骨诱导18 d时3种MSCs均呈现较好的矿化能力;3种MSCs成骨诱导9 d时,实验组RUNX2和ALP基因显著性高表达(P0.05),成骨诱导18 d时,实验组RUNX2和骨钙素(OCN)亦显著性高表达(P0.05);3种MSCs成骨诱导9 d时,实验组均检测到RUNX2和ALP的蛋白表达;成骨诱导18 d时,实验组细胞亦检测到RUNX2和OCN的蛋白表达。结论 UC-MSCs和P-MSCs具有良好的成骨分化能力,有望作为骨组织工程的种子细胞用于治疗骨缺损。