太湖水华微囊藻毒素对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的　蓝藻水华已成为太湖的严重污染物 ,本文旨在阐明其对哺乳动物的潜在危害。方法　应用巨噬细胞吞噬实验、脾淋巴细胞转化法、溶血分光光度法、反转录 聚合酶链反应以及酶联免疫测定等手段较系统地分析了太湖微囊藻毒素对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果　当ip 5mL·kg- 1(相当于 2 0mg·kg- 1)连续 7d时 ,该微囊藻毒素不仅引起小鼠肝、脾肿大 ,腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能降低 ,而且抑制小鼠的T淋巴细胞增殖及B淋巴细胞产生抗体的能力 ,使得肿瘤坏死因子αmRNA的表达及其在血清中的含量明显降低。结论　太湖微囊藻毒素对小鼠的毒性涉及到免疫系统基因和分子的多层次、多方面 ,它对小鼠免疫功能产生了明显的抑制作用。     

太湖蓝藻素抑制作用机理研究

太湖蓝藻素是一种竞争性胰蛋白酶抑制剂。太湖蓝藻素可能是先通过分子中所含有的精氨酸类似基团Agmatin与胰蛋白酶活性中心相识别和结合。然后通过脯氨酸相似基团Choi sulfate抑制胰蛋白酶的水解功能。     

安徽太湖山常用药用植物资源调查

目的调查太湖山药用植物资源种类、分布和利用现状,为该地区的资源保护与合理开发利用提供依据。方法通过实地调查,GPS定位、标本采集、整理和系统鉴定,分析调查结果。结果通过调查研究,整理出太湖山常用药用植物共有306种,隶属95科、238属。发现了安徽1个新分布种。结论太湖山药用植物资源丰富,如合理开发利用药用植物资源,可进一步促进该地区的经济发展。     

全球水质监测系统太湖水质1980～1982年监测报告

根据世界卫生组织和联合国环境规划署对全球水质监测的要求,我们对太湖水质进行了16项指标的监测,并统计分析了1980～1982年三年的监测结果,说明太湖北部的水质是良好的,未发现有氮、磷的污染,汞与有机氯的污染虽未超过地面水水质标准,但应予以重视。     

太湖地区几种藻类抗感染的实验研究

目的:了解太湖地区藻类抗微生物的情况。方法:将藻类逐个分离成纯种,经无菌水反复冲洗后,分别投入水生104号、105号、丝状绿藻培养基或蓝藻培养基中,抗感染抑菌活性试验。结果:藻类的抑菌活性随着时间的延长其抑菌活性增大。结论:6种蓝藻、4种绿藻对绿脓杆菌、金黄色萄葡球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草杆菌都有不同程度的抑菌活性。     

微囊藻毒素毒作用机制研究进展

近年来,随着经济的迅猛发展,水体富营养化程度加剧,湖泊、河水、池塘中藻类尤其蓝绿藻水华发生日趋频繁。在世界各国所发生的蓝藻水华中,微囊藻水华（m icrocystisb loom）不仅发生频繁、危害很大,而且多数能产生微囊藻毒素（m icro-cystins,MCs）。我国许多地区采用湖泊、水库等地表水作为生活饮用水水源,日常生活饮水是人群的主要暴露途径,     

无锡市太湖街道2010～2012年手足口病流行病学特征分析

目的分析无锡市太湖街道2010～2012年手足口病流行的原因、发病特点、流行规律,为手足口病的防控工作提供参考。方法采用描述性和分析性流行病学方法,对2010年～2012年太湖街道的手足口病病例进行分析。结果2010年～2012年太湖街道共报告手足口病病例614例,以1～4岁儿童发病最多,占总发病例数的82．90％,男性多于女性,全年12个月均有发病,发病高峰在3～7月,发病例数占总发病例数的59．77％;发病以散居儿童为主,占总发病例数的64．66％。结论近年来无锡市太湖街道的手足口病发病强度显著上升．预防和控制工作已成为重要而紧迫的任务。     

血清炎性生物标记物在子宫内膜异位症患者血清中的表达及意义

目的：探讨炎性因子TNF－α、IL－1β、IL－6、IL－8及CA－125、MMP－3、VEGF在子宫内膜异位症患者血清中表达变化及其意义,分析其与患者EMs病变r－AFS临床分期及EMs患者痛经程度的相关性。方法采用酶联免疫法（ELISA）检测入组患者血清中TNF－α、IL－1β、IL－6、 IL－8,CA－125、MMP－3、VEGF的浓度。分析EMs患者血清中TNF－α、IL－1β、IL－6、IL－8、CA－125、MMP－3、VEGF的浓度与正常对照人群的差异;分析不同分期EMs患者血清中上述标记物的浓度差异;分析EMs患者术前术后血清中上述标记物的表达变化情况;分析EMs患者血清中上述标记物与痛经评分的相关性。结果炎性相关因子TNF－α、IL－1β、IL－6、IL－8及CA－125、VEGF浓度在EMs患者血清中显著升高（ P ＜0．05）,并且随着EMs病变γ－AFS临床分期加重而增加,手术切除病灶后血清中上述指标浓度迅速回落;此外严重痛经EMs患者血清中TNF－α、IL－1β及IL－6的浓度较无痛经EMs患者高（ P ＜0．05）。 EMs患者血清中TNF－α、IL－1β及IL－6浓度与患者痛经严重程度呈正相关（ P ＜0．05）。 MMP3－在EMs患者血清中浓度显著升高（ P ＜0．05）,手术切除病灶后血清中MMP－3迅速下降,然而血清中MMP－3浓度与EMs患者r－AFS临床分期无显著性关联,血清中MMP－3浓度与EMs患者痛经严重程度亦无明显相关性（ P ＜0．05）。结论测定EMs患者血清中TNF－α、IL－1β、IL－6、IL－8及CA－125、MMP3－、VEGF浓度对于EMs的临床诊断具有一定价值,并且可作为无创性辅助检查手段。     

科技与文化并重 增强国际市场竞争力

任何一个成功的品牌背后,都有着一个成功的企业,更有着一个满怀坚定信念和远大志向的团队。在无锡马山度假区风景优美的太湖边,就坐落着这样一家优秀的企业——华瑞制药有限公司。华瑞人以他们无比的智慧、勇气、责任和爱心,让人与自然、科技与文化在烟波浩淼的太湖边绝妙交响。面对计划经济向市场经济的转变,面对全球一体化的时代大环境,面对国际化形势下医药行业激烈的市场竞争,华瑞积极推行GMP保证药品质     

青光眼治疗药Brinzolamide

１商品名 Ａｚｏｐｔ２化学名 （Ｒ）－４－（乙胺基）－３,４－二氢－２－（３－甲氧丙基）－２Ｈ－噻吩（３,２－ｅ）－１,２－噻嗪－６－氨磺酰１,１－二氧化物３开发与上市厂商 （美）Ａｌｃｏｎ公司研制,１９９８年在美国首次上市。４药效分类 碳酸酐酶抑制剂。５药理 本品为局用滴眼剂,全身吸收后药物主要集中于红细胞,血浆中浓度较低（＜７．５ｎｇ／ｍｌ）,６０ ％的原型药物从尿中排泄。停药后,碳酸酐酶活性可在４周内基本恢复。６ 临床评价 在一项为期３个月的双盲研究中,５７２例开 角型青光眼病人使用本品１％溶液,…     

Water pollution control technology and strategy for river–lake systems: a case study in Gehu Lake and Taige Canal

The Taoge water system is located in the upstream of Taihu Lake basin and is characterized by its multi-connected rivers and lakes. In this paper, current analyses of hydrology, hydrodynamics and water pollution of Gehu Lake and Taige Canal are presented. Several technologies are proposed for pollution prevention and control, and water environmental protection in the Taihu Lake basin. These included water pollution control integration technology for the water systems of Gehu Lake, Taige Canal and Caoqiao River. Additionally, river–lake water quality and quantity regulation technology, ecological restoration technology for polluted and degraded water bodies, and water environmental integration management and optimization strategies were also examined. The main objectives of these strategies are to: (a) improve environmental quality of relative water bodies, prevent pollutants from entering Gehu Lake and Taige Canal, and ensure that the clean water after the pre-treatment through Gehu Lake is not polluted before entering the Taihu Lake through Taige Canal; (b) stably and efficiently intercept and decrease the pollution load entering the lake through enhancing the river outlet ecological system structure function and water self-purifying capacity, and (c) designate Gehu Lake as a regulation system for water quality and water quantity in the Taoge water system and thus guarantee the improvement of the water quality of the inflow into Taihu Lake.     

Assessing the toxicity of ingested Taihu Lake water on mice via hepatic histopathology and matrix metalloproteinase expression

Water from Taihu Lake (China) is used as a drinking source. The frequency of contamination in Taihu Lake has increased over the past decade and the bloom-forming cyanobacteria are the dominant species during eutrophication. Cyanobacteria can produce various harmful secondary substances including microcystins capable of endangering human health and ecological safety. This study investigated toxicity of ingested Taihu Lake water on mice via hepatic histopathology and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. Water was sampled from four Taihu Lake locations, Meiliang Bay 2 group (M2), Meiliang Bay 1 group (M1), Lake Center (H) and Xukou Bay (X), along a gradient of decreasing degree of eutrophication. The experimental design consists of five groups of male mice (Mus musculus, ICR): one control and four groups ingesting water from the four sampling sites for 90 days. Compared to control, M1 and M2 mice showed hepatic histopathological changes including swollen, vacuolar degeneration or inflammatory. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated a higher expression of MMP-2 proteins in M2 group and a lower expression of MMP-9 in M1. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that MMP-9 concentration was significantly reduced from 0.55 to 0.28 ng/g liver weight in M2 (p < 0.05). Real time PCR revealed a down-regulation of MMP-9 mRNA by 2.2 fold in M1 and an up-regulation of MMP-2 mRNA by 1.73 fold in H. Using this mouse model as a gauge of water toxicity, our results revealed that potential health risks induced by Taihu Lake water might arise from the use of this source water by local resident.     

Evaluation of Cyanobacterial Bloom from Lake Taihu as a Protein Substitute in Fish Diet—A Case Study on Tilapia

The utility of cyanobacterial bloom is often hindered by concerns about the toxin content. Over three years of investigation, we found that the toxin content of cyanobacterial bloom in Lake Taihu was always low in June and higher in late summer and autumn. The findings enabled us to compare the effects of diets containing low and high toxic cyanobacterial blooms on the growth and consumption safety of tilapia. There were no negative effects on the growth of tilapia, and the muscle seemed to be safe for human consumption in the treatment of 18.5% low toxic cyanobacterial bloom. Therefore, limitations of the utilization of cyanobacterial biomass can be overcome by selecting low toxic cyanobacterial bloom that can be found and collected in large lakes.     

Evaluating genotoxicity associated with microcystin-LR and its risk to source water safety in Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake

In recent years cyanobacteria blooms have become a severe problem in Taihu Lake, a large shallow eutrophic lake in China. Microcystins produced by certain genera of cyanobacteria can affect public health in this area because of their acute and chronic toxic effects. In this study, samples of cyanobacteria were collected and extracted by two solvent systems. The extracts were tested with three short-term genotoxicity assays, the ara test, the Ames test, and the SOS/umu test. In addition, temporal variation in the concentrations of microcystin-LR in the water samples was determined and monitored by an ELISA assay. Then the concentration of microcystin-LR in the drinking water was estimated. The risk of microcystin-LR exposure by drinking water was assessed according to tolerable daily intake (TDI). The three genotoxicity assays showed negative results regardless of the solvent system used, and there were clear inconsistencies in the spatiotemporal profiles of genotoxic potential and microcystin concentrations in Taihu Lake. Risk assessment showed that the drinking water from Taihu Lake was not safe from the end of July to the beginning of November because of a high concentration of microcystin-LR. Our study indicated the drinking water from Taihu Lake posed a risk because of the microcystin-LR, although it was neither genotoxic nor associated with genotoxicity of the lake water.     

Toxicity of cyanobacterial bloom extracts from Taihu Lake on mouse, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mus musculus</Emphasis>

The acute and sub-chronic toxicities of cyanobacterial extract from Taihu Lake (PR China) on mouse (Mus musculus) were investigated in this study via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Increases in liver/body weight ratios and pathological changes in mouse liver showed adverse effects at the organ level. Images from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that abnormal membrane structure occurred and that the organelles were damaged severely in the cells of liver and testis. The high dose group received i.p. injection of 12 mg lyophilized algae cells/kg body weight. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased significantly in the livers of this group, along with a significant decrease in catalase (CAT) activity. These results revealed the existence of obvious oxidative stress. Comet assay results also suggested a dose-dependent relationship between DNA damage in hepatocytes/testicular cells and the amount of bloom extract administered to the mice. There was a significant increase in DNA damage compared to the control group and the genotoxicity of the cyanobacterial bloom to testicular cells was higher than in hepatocytes.     

Effects of cyanobacteria bloom extract on some parameters of immune function in mice

Microcystis aeruginosa is a common cyanobacterium in water blooms that appear world widely in eutrophic freshwaters, and its toxic blooms have caused many death and illness cases. This paper presents the first data on the immunotoxicity of a microcystin (MC) extract of cyanobacteria bloom collected from Taihu Lake, China to BALB/c mice. The cyanobacteria bloom extract (CBE) containing MCs was administered by i.p. injection for 14 days at three sublethal doses of 16, 32, 64 mg lyophilized algae cells/kg body weight. Exposure to CBE decreased body weights dose-dependently. Meanwhile, liver body weight ratios were markedly increased. The significant differences were also observed in spleen and thymus body ratios upon the elevation of treatment dose comparing to control. CBE was also found to reduce the phagocytosis evaluated using phagocytic index of peritoneal phagocyte; this suppression was not evident in percentage phagocytosis. Treatment of CBE produced the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced lymphoproliferation and the dose-dependent decrease of the numbers of antibody-forming cells in mice that were immunized by using T-dependent antigen sheep red blood cells. However, CBE did not affect concanavalin A-induced T cell proliferation. Our results demonstrate that exposure to CBE resulted in immunosuppression in mice.     

Microalga Euglena as a bioindicator for testing genotoxic potentials of organic pollutants in Taihu Lake,China

The microalga Euglena was selected as a bioindicator for determining genotoxicity potencies of organic pollutants in Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake, Jiangsu, China among seasons in 2008. Several methods, including the comet assay to determine breaks in DNA and quantification of antioxidant enzymes were applied to characterize genotoxic effects of organic extracts of water from Taihu Lake on the flagellated, microalga Euglena gracilis. Contents of photosynthetic pigments, including Chl a, Chl b and carotenoid pigments were inversely proportion to concentrations of organic extracts to which E. gracilis was exposed. Organic extracts of Taihu Lake water also affected activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) of E. gracilis. There were no statistically significant differences in SOD activities among seasons except in June but significant differences in POD activities were observed among all seasons. The metrics of DNA fragmentation in the alkaline unwinding assay (Comet assay), olive tail moment (OTM) and tail moment (TM), used as measurement endpoints during the genotoxicity assay were both greater when E. gracilis was exposed to organic of water collected from Taihu Lake among four seasons. It is indicated that the comet assay was useful for determining effects of constituents of organic extracts of water on E. gracilis and this assay was effective as an early warning to organic pollutants.     

Preliminary evaluation of gene expression profiles in liver of mice exposed to Taihu Lake drinking water for 90 days

Differential gene expression profiling was performed via DNA microarray in the liver tissue of Mus musculus mice after exposure to drinking water of Taihu Lake for 90 days. A total of 75 differentially expressed candidate genes (DEGs) were identified (1.5-fold, p ≤ 0.05), among which the expression of 29 genes was up-regulated and that of 46 genes was down-regulated. Most DEGs were involved in biological process based on gene ontology mapping analysis. The drinking water of Taihu Lake significantly influenced the expression of genes related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, amino acid metabolism, development and immune responses. Long-term exposure to the Taihu drinking water may result in increased carcinogenic risk.     

Contamination by metals and pharmaceuticals in northern Taihu Lake (China) and its relation to integrated biomarker response in fish

Taihu Lake is the largest shallow freshwater lake in eastern China and is suffering not only from an increasingly serious threat of eutrophication but also potential ecological risk due to the input of emerging contaminants. Active biomonitoring was conducted in Taihu Lake using transplanted goldfish (Carassius auratus) to determine the contamination by pharmaceuticals and metals and to assess the potential ecological risk. A suite of biomarkers including acetylcholinesterase, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in fish after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of exposure in situ, as well as pharmaceuticals and metals in water, were determined during the field exposure period. The results indicate that pharmaceuticals exist mainly in Zhushan Bay and Meiliang Bay, while metals are present mainly in Gong Bay. An integrated biomarker response (IBR) was calculated and used to evaluate the ecological risk of the polluted area of Taihu Lake. It was found that Zhushan Bay might present higher risk to fish, followed by Meiliang Bay. IBR values were in good agreement with copper and caffeine concentrations.