经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗贲门失弛缓症及食管裂孔疝的临床体会

目的：总结经脐单切口腹腔镜手术治疗贲门失弛缓症及食管裂孔疝的经验,提高腹腔镜临床应用的水平。方法：2010年3月—2011年10月分别对3例贲门失迟缓症进行单切口腹腔镜食管Heller肌切开、Dor胃底折叠术,对4例食管裂孔疝患者进行单切口腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补、Nissen胃底折叠术。结果：7例手术均顺利完成。手术时间115～180 min;出血量50～110 mL;住院时间5～7 d。所有患者均无术后出血、食管漏、发热感染等并发症。患者术后脐部切口愈合良好,美容效果明显。结论：对于有经验的腹腔镜外科医生,单切口腹腔镜手术治疗贲门失弛缓症及食管裂孔疝是安全可行的,并具有极佳的美容效果。     

电视胸腔镜食管下段肌层切开术(改良Heller术)治疗贲门失弛缓症(附21例报告)

目的探讨电视胸腔镜食管下段肌层切开术(改良Heller术)治疗贲门失弛缓症的可行性. 方法 1997年6月～2005年6月电视胸腔镜食管下段肌层切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症21例.采用双腔气管插管全麻,右侧卧位,经左胸,在4个胸腔镜trocar下进行操作.食管下段肌层切开长6～11 cm,胃壁肌层切开长0.5～1 cm,深及黏膜下.术中纤维食管镜辅助操作.均未行抗反流手术. 结果术中出血量50～100 ml,平均58 ml.手术时间60～270 min,平均137 min.3例术中发生食管黏膜破裂,2例镜下修补,1例中转开胸修补.全部患者术后恢复顺利,无严重并发症.术后随访1～80个月,2例分别于术后2、4个月吞咽困难复发,其余19例吞咽困难得到明显改善,吞咽困难改善程度优8例、良10例、中1例、差2例. 结论电视胸腔镜食管下段肌层切开术操作简单,创伤小,术后恢复快,疗效满意,可以作为贲门失弛缓症治疗的首选手术方法.     

电视胸腔镜下行食管肌层切开治疗贲门失弛缓症18例

贲门失弛缓症的外科治疗开始于19世纪末，食管贲门黏膜外肌层切开术目前仍是贲门失弛缓症最有效的治疗方法。我院自1997年6月至2004年6月应用电视胸腔镜食管肌层切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症18例，疗效满意。     

经腹腔镜改良Heller手术加胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的:探讨腹腔镜治疗贲门失弛缓症的方法及其优势。方法:经腹腔镜行食管贲门括约肌切开术(改良Heller手术)加胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症1例。结果:手术顺利,手术时间140m in,术中出血量30m l。患者术后第3天进软食无异常后出院。术后3个月食管下括约肌(LES)残留压、松弛率以及食管基础压均恢复正常,钡餐结果显示为正常食管影像,24h食管pH值测定正常,未见返流。随访6个月,症状无反复。结论:经腹腔镜改良Heller手术加胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症具有创伤小,术后康复快,疗效确切等优点。     

腹腔镜Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症的初步临床经验

目的总结腹腔镜Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症的初步临床经验。方法2005年2～8月，对肺功能较差、合并肾功能不全或怀疑存在胸膜腔粘连的8例贲门失弛缓症行腹腔镜下Heller联合Dor胃底折叠手术，并进行随访。结果手术时间70～184min，平均103．8min；1例术中食管穿孔改开腹手术修补成功；术后住院3～10d，平均5．1d。术后随访1～6个月，平均3．8月，7例症状缓解，1例轻度吞咽困难。全组无手术死亡。结论腹腔镜具有刨伤小、术中暴露较佳、术后恢复快、术后住院时间短等优点，腹腔镜下Heller术可作为贲门失弛缓症的首选治疗方法，但是否附加胃底折叠术仍需进一步探讨。     

腹腔镜Heller括约肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的：探讨采用腹腔镜微创手术治疗贲门失弛缓症的可行性及临床效果。方法：对5例患者在术中行胃镜定位、监视下行腹腔镜Heller括约肌切开术治疗。结果：4例手术顺利,1例患者由于粘连严重,术中分破远端食管,经胃镜证实后即行腹腔镜下修补术,术后1d,4例症状明显改善,1例术后1周吞咽困难症状逐渐改善。随访5～17个月,均未再发生吞咽困难、返流、胸骨后疼痛等症状。结论：腹腔镜Heller括约肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症创伤小、恢复快,并可作为内科治疗失败后的补救治疗。     

贲门失弛缓症术后远期食管功能改变对进食情况的影响及护理

改良Heller手术是治疗贲门失弛缓症有效的方法之一,但改良Heller手术为减轻症状的手术,并不能从根本上治愈贲门失弛缓症[1]。此手术是通过食管下段贲门部肌层切开,使食管下括约肌张力减低,解除梗阻,食物靠重力作用通过食道进入胃内。术后不同程度吞咽不适是较常见的Heller术后并发症[2]。本文通过对66例贲门失迟缓症患者术后10年以上食管功能变化的随访追踪,阐明其     

胃食管结合部良性疾病的腹腔镜治疗

胃食管结合部良性疾病临床上以胃食管反流病、食管裂孔疝和贲门失弛缓症最为常见,中、重度病人通常需要外科手术治疗。传统外科的开放式手术创伤大、围手术期并发症发生率较高,随着腹腔镜技术的日臻成熟,针对上述疾病所开展的腹腔镜胃底折叠术、腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术、腹腔镜贲门括约肌切开术逐渐被临床应用。临床研究显示：腹腔镜微创技术在治疗胃食管结合部良性疾病方面具有手术创伤小、恢复快、操作安全、疗效可靠等优势。     

《中华消化外科杂志）2011年第10卷主题词索引

B 贲门失驰缓症腹腔镜手术治疗胃食管结合部良性疾病的疗效评估（秦鸣放，赵宏志）（3）：165-167改良Heller手术附加膈肌瓣成形术治疗贲门失弛缓症（常栋，龚民，崔永等）（3）：224-225标准根治性胰十二指肠切除术扩大根治性与标准根治性胰十二指肠切除术的疗效比较（向光明，谭春路，麦刚等）（5）：347-350     

食管良性疾病的胸腔镜手术

目的：探讨食管良性疾病的胸腔镜治疗技术在我国的实用性和安全性。方法：在4个胸腔镜套管切口下分别为29例食管良性疾病病人施行手术治疗，其中食管平滑肌瘤摘除术15例，贲门失弛缓症肌层切开术6例，食管结核病灶清除术，食管憩室切除术和食管裂孔疝 修补术各2例，食管囊肿切除和取异物术各1例，结果：无手术死亡及严重手术并发症，有3例病人中转开胸手术，其中2例因食管粘膜撕裂，1例因胸膜致密粘连，平均手术时间为95min，术后平均住院日为6d。结论：食管良性疾病的胸腔镜手术创伤小，恢复快，手术瘢痕小，这种安全，效果可靠的新术式应取代常规开胸手术。     

Unusual upper gastrointestinal diseases associated with achalasia: laparoscopic approach

Background As a result of the high success rate associated with the laparoscopic approach for achalasia, surgery for the disease has become the treatment of choice in recent years. With the greater number of patients undergoing surgery, surgeons may encounter other upper gastroesophageal illnesses associated with achalasia, and these may require evaluation for simultaneous surgical treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of gastroesophageal diseases associated with achalasia, and to determine the possibility for simultaneous management using the laparoscopic approach. Methods From January 1999 to May 2006, 81 patients were referred from the Service of Gastroenterology to the Service of General and Digestive Surgery as candidates for the surgical management of achalasia. Data for this group were recorded prospectively in laparoscopic surgery databases at the Hospital Sant Pau and the Hospital de Igualada. A total of 78 patients underwent laparoscopic Heller myotomy with gastric fundoplication. Results In 8 of 81 patients, nine additional gastroesophageal diseases (11.1%) were found: three cases of pseudoachalasia (3.7%), three cases of paraesophageal hiatal hernia (3.7%), two cases of esophageal diverticulum (2.5%), and one case of gastric volvulus (1.2%). Pseudoachalasia was diagnosed for three patients. The diagnosis was made preoperatively for one of these patients. For the other two patients, an adenocarcinoma arising from the gastroesophageal junction was diagnosed during the laparoscopy. In three cases, a paraesophageal hiatal hernia was found and treated by laparoscopic Heller myotomy, sac excision, hiatal closure, and posterior fundoplication. Esophageal diverticulectomy was performed for one patient. Another patient presented with an organoaxial gastric volvulus associated with achalasia, for which laparoscopic Heller myotomy, posterior fundoplication, and anterior gastropexy were performed. The median follow-up period was 39 months, with no recurrence. Conclusions Despite their infrequency, several gastroesophageal diseases may be found in association with achalasia. Laparoscopic surgery may be useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of both diseases.     

Laparoscopic esophageal surgery

In its 9-year history, laparoscopic esophageal surgery has become second only to gallbladder surgery in the frequency of minimally invasive procedures performed in routine surgical practice. Laparoscopic fundoplication has assumed a central role in the surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. Laparoscopic myotomy has emerged as the optimal form of therapy for achalasia, and staging laparoscopy has been identified as an important adjunct to the preoperative evaluation of esophageal and gastroesophageal junction carcinoma. Laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair and remedial laparoscopic antireflux surgery currently are gaining acceptance. Laparoscopic gastroplasty, esophagectomy, and diverticulectomy are undergoing clinical trials, and their roles remain to be defined.     

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??Laparoscopic treatment of benign disease of gastro-esophageal junction QIN Ming-fang, ZHAO Hong-zhi. Tianjin Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Tianjin Nankai Hospital,Tianjin 300100??China
Corresponding author: QIN Ming-fang, E-mail: qins88@sina.com
Keywords The common benign diseases of gastroesophageal junction includes gastroesophageal reflux disease, hiatal hernia and achalasia of the cardia. The patients with moderate to severe diseases usually require surgical treatment. The traditional open surgery causes more injury and higher perioperative complications. With the laparoscopic technology becoming mature, the laparoscopic operations such as fundoplication, repair of hiatal hernia and Heller myotomy were recommended as a feasible surgical procedure for the treatment of the common benign diseases of gastroesophageal junction. According to our clinical studies, laparoscopy operation should be the method to treat the common benign diseases of gastroesophageal junction, with the advantages of micro-trauma, rapid recovery, safety, feasibility and reliable efficacy.     

胃食管结合部常见良性疾病的腹腔镜治疗

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗胃食管结合部常见良性疾病（胃食管反流病和贲门失弛缓症）的可行性和临床应用价值。方法2001年6月～2009年6月,对283例胃食管反流病（GERD组）实施腹腔镜胃底折叠术,其中Nissen胃底折叠术127例,Toupet胃底折叠术55例,Dor胃底折叠术101例;对33例贲门失弛缓症（贲门失弛缓症组）实施腹腔镜Heller肌切开联合Dor胃底折叠术。结果全组无中转开腹,手术时间60～125min,平均78min;术中出血量40～120ml,平均66ml;术后住院时间3～21d,平均4.2d。术后临床症状均得到缓解,无严重并发症及死亡病例。术后3个月复查胃镜、上消化道造影、食管测压和24hpH检测均恢复正常。GERD组272例随访3个月～8年,平均3.5年,对手术结果满意率95.6%（260/272）,21例有进固体食物时轻度哽噎感,6例反酸症状复发,使用抑酸药物可控制。贲门失弛缓症组33例随访3个月～4年,平均2.1年,均可正常进食,无吞咽困难或反酸表现。结论腹腔镜手术治疗胃食管结合部良性病变具有独特优势,充分体现微创手术创伤小、恢复快、安全可行、疗效可靠的优点。     

Laparoscopic Surgery of the Gastroesophageal Junction

Incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter mechanism leads to gastroesophageal reflux (GER), which is the most common indication for surgery of the gastroesophageal junction. Evaluation, diagnosis, and the modern surgical treatment of GER are discussed. Evaluation of patients with severe heartburn include upper endoscopy to evaluate the general condition of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum; an upper gastrointestinal contrast study for a complete anatomic view of the esophagus and stomach; esophageal manometry to evaluate the function of the esophagus; 24-hour pH monitoring to determine esophageal acid exposure; and a gastric emptying study selectively to determine the presence of a motility disorder. These studies most often prove the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux, hiatal hernia, Barrett's esophagus, peptic esophageal stricture, paraesophageal hernia, or achalasia. The laparoscopic approach to treatments for these include Nissen fundoplication, Toupet fundoplication, Collis gastroplasty with fundoplication, modified Heller myotomy, esophageal diverticulectomy, and revisional operations. These procedures are described in detail. The results of these operations indicate that they are safe and effective and should be considered the new gold standard for correction of gastroesophageal pathology. Laparoscopic surgery has revolutionized many procedures traditionally performed through a laparotomy. Although they are technically more difficult and require a significant amount of time and practice for the surgeon to become proficient, it is becoming apparent that for functional surgery of the gastroesophageal junction laparoscopy is the access of choice.     

腹腔镜手术治疗胃食管结合部良性疾病的疗效评估

Benign diseases of gastroesophageal junction include gastroesophageal reflux disease,hiatal hernia and achalasia of the cardia.Surgical intervention is superior in the treatment of moderate to severe cases.With the rapid development of laparoseopic technology,minimally invasive surgical procedures,such as laparoscopic fundoplication,laparoscopic rear of hiatal hernia and laparoscopic cardiamyotomy are widely applied with excellent efficacy.According to our experience and clinical study,laparoscopic surgery,with advantages of minimal trauma,rapid recovery,safety and reliable efficacy,could be the first-line treatment for benign diseases of gastroesophageal junction.     

Technique and follow-up of minimally invasive Heller myotomy for achalasia

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy has been proven effective. Reliable predictive factors for outcome and the true benefit of the da Vinci robotic system, however, remain unknown. METHODS: Seventy patients underwent laparoscopic Heller myotomy. The number of intraoperative perforations and the symptom-predictive value of postoperative esophagogram width measurement at the gastroesophageal junction were analyzed. RESULTS: The overall complication rate was 11%. Four patients experienced intraoperative perforation during the laparoscopic technique. No perforations were experienced with the da Vinci robotic system (n = 19). Of the total, 82% of patients had resolution of dysphagia, 91% of regurgitation, 91% of heartburn and 82% of chest pain. Immediate postoperative esophagogram gastroesophageal junction width demonstrated a positive predictive trend from 0 to 10 mm for dysphagia. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy is an effective treatment for achalasia. Immediate postoperative esophagogram gastroesophageal junction width measurement as a predictor for symptom resolution requires further study.     

Endoscopic management of peptic ulcer disease.

OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the authors' experience with endoscopic management of duodenal ulcer and ulcers occurring after a previous drainage procedure. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Patients with complications of duodenal ulcer and ulcers occurring after a previous drainage procedure still require surgical management. Virtually all operations for duodenal ulcer include some form of vagotomy. American surgeons in academic centers prefer highly selective vagotomy in suitable candidates. Video-directed laparoscopic and thoracoscopic operations have been done for all complications of duodenal ulcer except for acute hemorrhage. METHODS: The authors have performed laparoscopic operation on eight patients with intractable chronic duodenal ulcer, seven patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease combined with duodenal ulcer, one patient with chronic duodenal ulcer and gastric outlet obstruction, and one patient with acute perforation. Operations performed included omentopexy, anterior seromyotomy plus post truncal vagotomy, and highly selective vagotomy. Seven patients had a simultaneous Nissen fundoplication; and the patient with obstruction underwent concomitant pyloroplasty and vagotomy. Six patients with intestinal ulcers occurring after a previous drainage procedure were treated with thoracoscopic vagotomy. Techniques used are shown. RESULTS: There has been one recurrent ulcer in the laparoscopic group after anterior seromyotomy plus posterior truncal vagotomy. The patient treated by omentopexy for duodenal perforation recovered gastrointestinal function promptly with no further difficulty, but eventually died of primary medical disease. Patients undergoing thoracoscopic vagotomy have all become asymptomatic. Postoperative hospital stay after highly selective vagotomy, anterior seromyotomy plus posterior truncal vagotomy, or thoracoscopic vagotomy was 1-5 days. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic management of duodenal ulcers is feasible. Larger numbers of patients with longer follow-up are essential. Ulcers occurring after a drainage procedure deserve thoracoscopic vagotomy.     

Robot-assisted gastroesophageal surgery: usefulness and limitations

Robot-assisted surgery overcomes some of the limitations of traditional laparoscopic surgery. We present our experience and lessons learned in two surgical units dedicated to gastro-esophageal surgery. From June 2009 to January 2013, we performed 130 robot-assisted gastroesophageal procedures, including Nissen fundoplication (29), paraesophageal hernia repair (18), redo for failed antireflux surgery (11), esophagectomy (19), subtotal (5) or wedge (4) gastrectomy, Heller myotomy for achalasia (22), gastric bypass for morbid obesity (12), thoracoscopic leiomyomectomy (4), Morgagni hernia repair (3), lower-third esophageal diverticulectomy (1) and two diagnostic procedures. There were 80 men and 50 women with a median age of 54 years (interquartile range: 46–65). Ten patients (7.7 %) had severe postoperative complications: eight after esophagectomy (three leaks—two cervical and one thoracic—managed conservatively), one stapler failure, one chylothorax, one case of gastric migration to the thorax, one case of biliary peritonitis, and one patient with a transient ventricular dyskinesia. One redo procedure needed reoperation because of port-site bleeding, and one patient died of pulmonary complications after a giant paraesophageal hernia repair; 30-day mortality was, therefore, 0.8 %. There were six elective and one forced conversions (hemorrhage), so total conversion was 5.4 %. Median length of stay was 4 days (IQ range 3–7). Robot-assisted gastroesophageal surgery is feasible and safe, and may be applied to most common procedures. It seems of particular value for Heller myotomy, large paraesophageal hernias, redo antireflux surgery, transhiatal dissection, and hand-sewn intrathoracic anastomosis.     

Reoperation of esophageal achalasia]

From 1980 to 1989, 18 patients with esophageal achalasia had postoperative restricture. Inadequate myotomy was shown in 7 patients, scar constriction in 5, gastroesophageal reflux in 3, and paraesophageal hiatus hernia in 1. Seventeen patients underwent reoperation including modified myotomy (11), esophagastrotomy (4), operation for esophageal hiatus hernia (1), and cardioplasty combined with fundoplication (1). The causes of restricture, diagnostic methods, operative procedure and methods of precaution are discussed.