查尔森合并症指数评分系统评价基础疾病对危重患者预后的影响

目的 探讨查尔森合并症指数(WIC)评分系统评价基础疾病对于重症监护病房(ICU)危重患者28 d死亡风险的影响.方法 单中心、回顾性分析上海长征医院2009年1月至2011年10月ICU 406例危重病患者的临床信息,按照28 d治疗转归分为死亡组(104例)和存活组(302例);记录一般临床资料;计算入院时WIC评分和入院24h急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分.采用logistic回归分析影响患者预后的因素.结果 与存活组比较,死亡组患者年龄、WIC评分、APACHEⅡ评分、严重脓毒症的比例及主要致病因素如肺部感染的比例均较高,多发伤的比例较低.单因素分析显示,年龄、WIC评分、APACHEⅡ评分、肺部感染、多发伤、严重脓毒症与患者28 d预后相关.多因素logistic回归分析提示,WIC评分[优势比(OR)=1.538,95％可信区间(95％CI)为1.265 ～ 1.869,P=0.000]、APACHEⅡ评分(OR=1.193,95％CI为1.137～1.252,P=0.000)、肺部感染(OR=0.546,95％CI为0.304～0.982,P=0.043)、严重脓毒症(OR=0.178,95％CI为0.098 ～ 0.323,P=0.000)与患者28 d预后独立相关.WIC评分、APACHEⅡ评分及二者合并后预测预后的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)下面积[AUC(95％CI)]依次为0.657 (0.592～ 0.722)、0.790(0.739 ～ 0.841)、0.821(0.772 ～ 0.869).结论 WIC评分系统可以较好地评价ICU危重患者的28 d预后.     

急性胸痛评分及血清B型脑钠肽对急诊胸痛患者心血管不良事件的预测价值

目的 探讨全球急性冠状动脉事件注册(Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events,GRACE)评分、心肌梗死溶栓疗法(the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction,TIMI)危险评分及血清B型脑钠肽(B-type natriuretic peptide,BNP)对急诊胸痛患者心血管不良事件的预测价值.方法 回顾性分析536例急性胸痛患者的临床资料,计算患者基线水平GRACE、TIMI评分,检测血清BNP并进行30 d随访.应用单因素分析和logistic回归确定急性胸痛患者急诊入院、30 d死亡、急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术及其他心血管不良预后的独立预测因素;计算GRACE评分、TIMI评分及血清BNP预测相关不良心血管事件ROC曲线下面积.结果 536例患者年龄(55.7±12.7)岁,急诊入院31 9例(59.5％),30 d死亡45例(8.4％);与TIMI评分和血清BNP比较,GRACE评分可独立预测患者急诊入院(OR:1.02,95％CI:1.010～1.030,P=0.010)、30 d死亡(OR:1.05,95％CI:1.040～1.070,P=0.001)和急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(OR:1.02,95％CI:1.010～1.030,P=0.000)的风险;GRACE评分的急诊入院(AUC:0.873,95％CI:0.843～0.903)、30 d死亡(AUC:0.654,95％CI:0.573-0.736)、急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(AUC:0.746,95％CI:0.705 ～0.787)及其他心血管不良预后(AUC:0.651,95％CI:0.577～0.725)的ROC预测曲线均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 与TIMI评分和血清BNP相比,GRACE评分可更有效判断急性胸痛患者急诊入院、30 d死亡、急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术及其他心血管不良预后的风险.     

自发性脑出血患者入院30 d内死亡的危险因素分析

目的探讨自发性脑出血患者入院30 d内死亡的危险因素。方法选择2011年1月—2016年1月内蒙古医科大学附属医院收治的自发性脑出血342例,根据患者入院30 d内是否死亡将其分为病死组(86例)和存活组(256例)两组。观察比较两组主要临床特征,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积分析年龄、格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)和出血量预测自发性脑出血患者入院30 d内死亡的临床价值,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析分析自发性脑出血患者入院30 d内死亡的危险因素。结果与存活组比较,病死组GCS较低,出血量较大,基底节出血发生率较低,小脑出血发生率及合并脑室出血发生率较高,手术治疗率较低,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。经分析ROC曲线下面积发现GCS和出血量预测自发性脑出血患者入院30 d内死亡具有一定临床价值(均P0.001)。单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析显示GCS、出血量和小脑出血是自发性脑出血患者入院30 d内死亡的独立危险因素。结论 GCS、出血量和小脑出血是自发性脑出血患者入院30 d内死亡的独立危险因素。     

影响自发性小脑出血患者预后的相关因素分析

目的:探讨非手术治疗的自发性小脑出血(SCH)患者预后的相关因素。方法:收集我院收治的接受非手术治疗的SCH患者105例的临床资料;根据随访3个月时的改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分分为预后良好组(mRS评分0~3分)和预后不良组(m RS评分4~6分);对2组患者的临床资料进行回顾性比较和分析。结果:患者纳入预后良好组72例(68.4%),纳入预后不良组33例(31.3%),其中死亡25例(23.8%)。入院GCS评分、入院后血肿扩大、入院血肿直径、后颅窝紧缩征和合并糖尿病是SCH患者不良预后的独立预测因素(P<0.05)。入院GCS评分的时间依赖性ROC曲线下面积为0.929,入院GCS评分12分为最佳截断值;入院血肿直径的时间依赖性ROC曲线下面积为0.820,入院血肿直径3.6 cm为最佳截断值。结论:入院GCS评分<12分、入院血肿直径>3.6 cm、入院后血肿扩大、出现后颅窝紧缩征及合并糖尿病,是影响非手术治疗SCH患者3个月预后的独立危险因素。     

CT征象对自发性脑出血患者早期血肿扩大的评估作用研究

目的 探讨CT征象对自发性脑出血(sICH)患者早期血肿扩大的评估价值。方法 选取sICH患者186例,根据患者是否出现血肿扩大将其分为血肿扩大组(67例)与非血肿扩大组(119例),比较两组性别、年龄、既往史、入院时格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、血小板计数(PLT)、国际标准化比值(INR)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、发病至首次CT检查时间、发病至CT复查时间、初始血肿体积、出血部位、血肿是否破入脑室及CT征象。采用多因素logistic回归分析确定sICH患者早期血肿扩大的影响因素。基于多因素回归分析结果建立预测评分模型,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析评分模型对sICH患者早期血肿扩大的预测价值。结果 血肿扩大组入院时GCS评分低于非血肿扩大组,初始血肿体积及基底节出血、血肿破入脑室、存在岛征与混合征的占比均明显高于非血肿扩大组(t分别=-10.38、12.45,χ²分别=8.45、9.02、15.94、8.42,P均<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,入院时GCS评...     

构建急性脑卒中机械取栓治疗后预后预测模型的研究

目的通过构建基于临床因素、影像因素、临床联合影像因素的预后预测模型,以期寻找卒中患者机械取栓治疗后最优的预后预测模型.材料与方法回顾性分析在南京市第一医院接受机械取栓治疗的急性脑卒中患者71例.所有患者均为发病24 h内并于治疗前接受MRI检查.收集所有患者的MRI资料及一般临床资料.患者预后采用3个月改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,mRS)评分评估.应用多元逻辑回归分析方法分别筛选卒中患者预后的独立预测因子并构建临床预测模型、影像预测模型及临床联合影像预测模型,并采用ROC曲线分析模型对卒中预后的预测效能.结果71例患者中预后良好者为35例,预后不良者为36例.多元逻辑回归临床因素结果显示年龄(OR=1.071;95％CI:1.010～1.135;P=0.022)、入院NIHSS评分(OR=1.225;95％CI:1.099～1.366;P<0.001)为预测卒中预后的独立预测因子,该模型预测卒中预后的AUC为0.810(95％CI:0.709～0.911),敏感度和特异度分别为80.6％、71.4％.回归影像因素结果显示低灌注强度比值(hypoperfusion intensity ratio,HIR)(OR=4.037;95％CI:1.241～13.136;P=0.005)为预测卒中预后的独立预测因子,该模型预测卒中预后的AUC为0.862(95％CI:0.772～0.952),敏感度和特异度分别为72.2％、94.3％.回归临床联合影像因素显示入院NIHSS评分(OR=1.157;95％CI:0.998～1.341;P=0.043)、HIR(OR=6.669;95％CI:4.817～15.051;P=0.009)为预测卒中预后的独立预测因子,该模型预测卒中预后的AUC最高,达0.905(95％CI:0.830～0.979),其敏感度为94.4％、特异度为82.9％.结论临床联合影像的预测模型优于临床模型、影像模型,可有效提高急性脑卒中机械取栓治疗后预后的预测效能.     

影响高血压脑出血微创治疗短期预后的相关因素分析

目的探讨高血压脑出血微创穿刺治疗的短期预后影响因素,以期改善患者的预后。方法回顾性分析新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院神经外科于2011年3月至2014年12月经微创穿刺治疗的117例高血压脑出血患者的临床资料,包括年龄、既往高血压病史、术前收缩压、术前血糖值、术前格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)、出血部位、血肿形态、出血量、手术时机、脑室积血、中线移位、术后再出血、二次手术、肺部感染及电解质紊乱的临床资料,应用日常生活能力(ADL)评分来评判患者术后1个月预后情况。单因素分析采用χ2检验;将单因素分析中对预后有统计学意义的影响因素引入多元逻辑回归模型,分析这些影响因素与预后的相关性。结果单因素分析显示,年龄、术前收缩压、术前血糖值、术前GCS评分、出血部位、出血量、从发病至手术时间、脑室积血、中线移位、术后再出血、二次手术、肺部感染对预后的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归性分析结果提示,该类患者术后1个月预后的独立影响因素是年龄(OR=4.153,95%CI 1.346~12.815,P=0.013)、术前血糖(OR=4.813,95%CI 1.181~19.768,P=0.028)、术前GCS评分(OR=0.112,95%CI 0.150~0.885,P=0.035)、血肿量(OR=5.113,95%CI 1.170~22.338,P=0.030)、脑室积血(OR=0.075,95%CI 0.006~0.955,P=0.046)、二次手术(OR=0.052,95%CI 0.003~0.951,P=0.046)、肺部感染(OR=0.192,95%CI 0.051~0.723,P=0.015)。结论影响高血压脑出血微创治疗的预后因素众多且复杂,在临床中我们若能对这些因素加以干涉和治疗很有可能有益于患者病情恢复并改善预后。     

急诊重症监护室患者分流安全性评估模型的构建与实证检验

目的 探究影响急诊重症监护室(emergency intensive care unit,EICU)患者分流安全性的影响因素,构建分流安全性评估模型,并评估其预测效能,为EICU安全分流提供理论依据.方法 收集并分析2019年8月1日0时0分--2021年5月31日23时59分由四川大学华西医院EICU就诊后分流至普通病房患者的人口学资料、生命体征、实验室检查等指标,以转出EICU后短期预后不良为终点事件.随机选取患者中70％作为模型构建队列,30％为模型验证队列.在模型构建队列中采用多因素logistic回归分析筛选分流安全性的影响因素,并构建EICU患者的分流安全性评估模型.在验证队列中,采用受试者操作特征曲线分析该模型对EICU患者分流安全性的评估效能.结果 共纳入患者582例,其中短期预后不良者59例(10.1％).多因素logistic回归分析显示,患者离开EICU时的呼吸频率[比值比(odds ratio,OR) =0.863,95％置信区间(confidence interval,CI)(0.794,0.938),P=0.001]、格拉斯哥昏迷量表得分[OR=1.575,95％CI(1.348,1.841),P＜0.001]、白蛋白[OR=1.137,95％CI(1.008,1.282),P=0.036]、凝血酶原时间[OR=0.956,95％CI (0.914,1.000),P=0.048]是分流安全性的影响因素.基于上述指标创建EICU患者的分流安全性评估模型,该分流安全性评估模型预测短期预后不良的曲线下面积为0.815,最佳截断值为4分,灵敏度为93.3％,特异度为61.5％.结论 患者离开EICU时的呼吸频率、格拉斯哥昏迷量表得分、白蛋白及凝血酶原时间是影响EICU分流安全性的因素,基于其构建的分流安全性评估模型能较好地预测由EICU分流至普通病房患者中短期预后不良的发生.     

查尔森合并症指数预测基础疾病对肺炎患者预后的影响

目的 应用查尔森合并症指数(Charlson's weighted index of comorbidities,WIC)评价基础疾病对ICU肺部感染患者28 d死亡风险的影响.方法 回顾性分析上海长征医院2010年10月至2012年2月的160例肺部感染患者,临床资料包括年龄、性别、社区获得性肺炎(CAP)或者院内获得性肺炎(HAP)、基础疾病、是否发生急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、是否严重脓毒症和28 d病死率;入院24h内计算WIC评分、急性生理与慢性健康状况(APACHE)Ⅱ评分和脓毒症相关性器官功能衰竭评分(sepsis related organ failure assessment,SOFA)评分.用Logistic回归分析影响患者预后的因素,绘制受试者工作曲线(ROC)比较各评分对预后的判断.结果 在160例入组患者中,CAP患者76例(48.8％),HAP患者82例(51.2％),男性106例(66.3％),女性54例(33.7％),存活99例(61.9％),死亡61例(38.1％).年龄(62.4±17.3)岁.与存活组比较,死亡组的WIC分值、APACHEⅡ分值和SOFA评分较高(P＜0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析提示,年龄(OR=1.049,95％ CI:1.011～1.088,P=0.011)、WIC评分(OR＝1.725,95％CI:1.194～2.492,P=0.004)、APACHEⅡ评分(OR=1.175,95％CI:1.058 ～ 1.305,P＝0.003)、SOFA评分(OR=1.277,95％ CI:1.048～1.556,P=O.015)、是否ARDS(OR＝0.081,95％ CI:0.008 ～0.829,P=0.034)、是否严重脓毒症(OR=0.149,95％ CI:0.232～0.622,P＝0.004)与肺部感染患者28 d预后相关.WIC评分、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分及三者合并后预测概率的受试者工作曲线(ROC)曲线下面积(95％CI)依次为0.639(0.547～0.730)、0.782(0.709～0.856)、0.79 (0.714 ～0.866)、0.842 (0.777～0.907).结论 WIC评分系统可以较好的评价基础疾病对ICU肺部感染患者28 d预后的影响.     

血清尿酸对创伤性脑损伤病情评估及预后判断的价值

目的 研究血清尿酸对创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)病情评估及预后判断的价值.方法 回顾性分析苏州大学附属第一医院2010年11月至2012年10月收治的TBI患者(GCS评分≤14分)共330例,其中男性233 (70.6％)例,年龄(48.6±18.1)岁,创伤严重度评分(injury severity score,ISS):9～59分,中位数为16分,尿酸数据为入院次日早晨空腹静脉血测得.病例入选标准:明确诊断为TBI,受伤后24 h以内有血尿酸数据,GCS评分3～14分,除外年龄＜ 14岁、孕妇、既往有自身免疫性疾病、痛风病史以及服用别嘌呤醇患者.收集患者年龄、瞳孔反应、GCS评分等临床数据,电话随访伤后6个月GOS评分,按照是否在随访期内死亡将所有TBI患者分为死亡组(GOS:1)和生存组(GOS:2～5).结果 随着GOS评分由高到低:血清尿酸在5～3分三个组差异无统计学意义,在2分组开始明显升高,1分组最高;随着GCS评分的降低,血尿酸水平总体呈现上升趋势;Spearman相关分析显示血尿酸与GCS评分(r=-0.270 1,P=0.000)及GOS评分(r=-0.251 2,P=0.000)呈负相关;单变量logistic回归分析提示,年龄大、GCS评分低、瞳孔反应差、血尿酸水平高均增加死亡风险,其中血尿酸的OR值为1.0070,(95％CI:1.004 7～1.009 3,P=0.000),经过年龄、GCS评分、瞳孔反应三个指标调整后的OR值为1.0048,(95％CI:1.001 9～1.0076,P=0.001);由年龄、GCS评分和瞳孔反应组成的预测模型引入血尿酸后,模型R2由0.476 4,增至0.510 5,增加7.2％;血清尿酸预测TBI死亡的ROC曲线分析:AUC=0.718,(95％CI:0.666 ～0.766),根据Youden指数最大值确定其最佳截断值为304 μmol/L(灵敏度:60.24％,特异度:78.14％,正确率:73.64％).结论 TBI患者早期高尿酸是预后不良的独立预测因素,血尿酸水平越高提示病情越重,后期死亡风险越大.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.