腕"鼻烟窝"部动静脉内瘘在血液透析中的临床研究

目的探讨鼻烟窝动静脉内瘘在维持性血液透析中的临床应用.方法采用显微外科技术对101例慢性肾功能衰竭血液透析患者行直接动静脉内瘘术.结果 101例手术无1例失败,其穿刺使用率为97.8%,透析血流量达180～250ml/min.结论鼻烟窝动静脉内瘘制作简便,远期通畅率高,并发症少,是血液透析最佳的永久性血管通路.     

维持性血液透析患者动静脉内瘘的护理

临床将动脉与浅部静脉通过手术吻合,称之为动静脉内瘘手术。内瘘流的动脉血静脉化,血流量充分,且易于穿刺和观察,因此保护好维持性血液透析患者动静脉内瘘有着重要的临床意义。1临床资料在我院现行维持性血透患者38例,男21例、女17例;年龄30~65岁。38例中,发生内瘘闭塞8例,其中手术引起3例、低血压引起2例、糖尿病引起1例、原因不明2例。2护理2.1内瘘术前准备需维持性血液透析的患者,在诱导透析到规律透析之前这一阶段,多建立临时血管通路,如足背动脉穿刺、股静脉插管及锁骨下静脉插管等。此时应避免在准备造瘘侧肢体行动脉穿刺,以免引起血…     

前臂尺侧动静脉内瘘在血液透析中的应用和护理

目的探讨前臂尺侧动静脉内瘘在维持性血液透析患者中的应用和护理。方法回顾性分析12例维持性血液透析患者应用前臂尺侧动静脉内瘘进行血液透析的护理特点和具体护理措施。对尺侧动静脉内瘘的术前、术后、透析期间及非透析期间的应用和护理体会做出阐述。结果 12例前臂远端尺侧动静脉内瘘手术后均成熟,成熟时间4～6周;内瘘成熟后初始透析血流量和1年、2年透析血流量均可达250～300ml/min;2例出现血栓导致内瘘失功,其它病例无并发症发生。结论前臂尺侧动静脉内瘘顺利实施手术后只要护理得当,血流量足够,可以保证有效的血液透析。加强患者健康宣教对延长尺侧动静脉内瘘的使用寿命也是非常重要的。     

血液透析动静脉内瘘穿刺应用及护理

目的:总结自体动静脉内瘘维持性血液透析及穿刺后护理。方法:观察动静脉内瘘行长期血液透析患者36例。结果:动静脉内瘘穿刺透析患者36例,内瘘一次性穿刺成功率达到85%,透析血流量为180~250 ml/min,达到血流量要求,血透效果好。结论:穿刺技术的正确性和动静脉内瘘护理的系统性是延长患者透析的关键,也是改善其生存质量的重要保证。     

高位动静脉内瘘在维持性血液净化中的应用及护理

目的 实施有效的护理干预,评价高位动静脉内瘘在血液透析患者中的应用效果.方法 对15例前臂无法行常规动静脉内瘘的血液透析患者建立高位动静脉内瘘,观察内瘘的使用情况及效果.结果 15例患者高位动静脉内瘘手术均一次成功,成功率100%.内瘘在术后4-6周成熟后开始穿刺,血流量均可达(250-300)mL/min.结论 通过有效的护理干预,例如正确选择穿刺方法、压迫止血方式及做好卫生宣教等有效的健康护理,使得高位动静脉内瘘血流量好,为血管条件差的患者建立血液透析血管通路的最佳选择.     

鼻咽窝处端侧吻合建立动静脉内瘘在血液透析中的应用

目的:探讨鼻烟窝动静脉内瘘在维持性血液透析中的应用价值.方法:在18例维持性血液透析患者鼻烟窝处以头静脉-桡动脉端-侧吻合方式建立动静脉内瘘并作为其血管通路.结果:透析血流量达到200ml/min以上,最终成功率为100%.第3个月及第6个月的通畅率均达100%.结论:当维持性血液透析患者初次建立动静脉内应尽量选择鼻烟窝动静脉内瘘,而端侧吻合的手术方式也是值得推荐的.     

老年维持性血液透析患者动静脉内瘘的护理

目的:探讨延长维持性血液透析患者动静脉内瘘使用寿命的护理方法。方法:对本院43例血液透析患者动静脉内瘘的护理进行回顾性分析与总结。结果:所有患者中除3例出现动静脉内瘘堵塞和2例内瘘狭窄外,其余38例动静脉内瘘血管充盈良好,搏动明显,血流量达300~400ml/min,患者自我感觉良好,透析效果满意,未出现血流量不足等并发症。结论:只有加强动静脉内瘘手术患者术前、术后及穿刺时的精心护理,才能获得手术的成功,延长内瘘的使用寿命,提高血透治疗的效果,延长患者的生命。     

高位动静脉内瘘在恤液透析中的应用

目的评价高位动静脉内瘘在血液透析患者中的应用效果和主要并发症。方法对32例前臂无法行常规动静脉内瘘的血液透析患者建立高位动静脉内瘘,观察内瘘的使用情况及并发症。结果32例患者高位动静脉内瘘手术均一次成功,成功率100％。内瘘在术后4～6周成熟后开始穿刺,血流量均可达（250～300）ml/min。并发症：1例术后第2天发生淋巴瘘;4例在使用过程中血栓形成导致内瘘堵塞;1例因急性心肌梗死死亡;2例在使用1年后同侧胸部、颈部浅表静脉扩张;3例出现局部动脉瘤样扩张。结论高位动静脉内瘘血流量好、通畅率高,是为血管条件差的患者建立血液透析血管通路的最佳选择。     

前臂尺侧动静脉内瘘成形术23例效果分析

目的:总结前臂尺动脉-贵要静脉内瘘成形手术的效果,为临床提供参考。方法:2007年2月-2010年1月选取我院23例维持性血液透析患者,采用显微外科技术于前臂远端尺侧制作尺动脉―贵要静脉内瘘,内瘘成熟后开始血液透析,对尺侧动静脉内瘘成熟时间、通畅率、血流量及并发症等进行分析。结果:23例前臂远端尺动脉-贵要静脉内瘘均成功,成熟时间4～6周,内瘘成熟后1年通畅率95.7%(22/23),2年通畅率91.3%(21/23),初始透析血流量和1、2年透析血流量均为250～350ml/min,2例出现血栓形成导致内瘘失败,其他病例无并发症发生。结论:前臂远端尺动脉-贵要静脉内瘘血流量符合要求,远期通畅率高,并发症少,是可供选择的良好血管通路之一。     

高位动静脉内瘘在血液透析中的应用

目的 评价高位动静脉内瘘在血液透析患者中的应用效果和主要并发症.方法 对32例前臂无法行常规动静脉内瘘的血液透析患者建立高位动静脉内瘘,观察内瘘的使用情况及并发症.结果 32例患者高位动静脉内瘘手术均一次成功,成功率100%.内瘘在术后4～6周成熟后开始穿刺,血流量均可达(250～300)mL/min.并发症:1例术后第2天发生淋巴瘘;4例在使用过程中血栓形成导致内瘘堵塞;1例因急性心肌梗死死亡;2例在使用1年后同侧胸部、颈部浅表静脉扩张;3例出现局部动脉瘤样扩张.结论 高位动静脉内瘘血流量好、通畅率高,是为血管条件差的患者建立血液透析血管通路的最佳选择.     

UniPron is A Fully Effective Non-hormonal Reversible Contraceptive in Baboon Model （Papio Anubis）

Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of UniPron as a reversible contraceptive.
Methods Vaginal swabs were obtained before and after UniPron administration, cultured onto appropriate culture media and bacteria identification was done based on type of media used, Gram stain reactions, colony morphology and biochemical tests. Vaginal biopsy tissues were processed using paraffin wax method, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscopy to determine the effect of the product on vaginal tissues. The effect of UniPron on sperm was examined by mixing the product with electroejaculated spermatozoa in vitro at different concentrations. For efficacy studies, male baboons of proven fertility were mated with UniPron treated or untreated females of proven fertility during the fertile stages.
Results All the five females （100%） that were treated with UniPron did not conceive and they regained total fertility when the treatment was stopped while all the controls conceived. At a concentration of 40%, UniPron completely immobilized spermatozoa in an in-vitro system. UniPron mechanism of action was by lowering the vaginal pH and on application in baboon, the pH was lowered for at least 3 h after which it went back to normal.
Conclusions As we plan for a study to test UniPron as a microbicide to prevent STIs including HIV, our current study has established that this novel product is effective in contraception and harmless to vaginal tissues and vaginal microbial flora in a baboon model （Papio anubis）.     

Evaluation of diuretic and laxative activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Desmostachya bipinnata （L,） Stapf in rats

OBJECTIVE： In continuation to the growing evidence for therapeutical potential of Desmostachya bipinnata （Linn） Stapf, the current pharmacological study was carried out to evaluate the diuretic and laxative activity of its hydro-alcoholic extract in rats. METHODS： The hydro-alcoholic extract of D. bipinnata whole plant was prepared by using Sox- hlet extractor and subjected to analysis by standard preliminary phytochemical tests. Evaluation of both diuretic and laxative activity was carried out using standard methods as reported earlier. Frusemide （20 mg/kg） was served as positive control for diuretic activity and sennosides （10 mg/kg） served as negative control for laxative activity. RESULTS： The hydro-alcoholic extract showed significant diuretic activity and was found to be the most potent in increasing the urinary output at 500 mg/kg when the effect was compared with that of the standard frusemide （P〈0.01）. Moreover, this extract was found to be most effective in increasing urinary electrolyte concentration （Na＋, K＋, and Cl-） at both doses tested. Whereas the results for laxative activity showed minimal increase of feces output at the dose of 500 mg/kg and the increase was negligible when compared with that of the standard drug sennosides. CONCLUSION： Altogether, the above significant findings validate and support its folkloric diuretic use and lend pharmacological credence to the ethno-medical use of this plant in traditional system of medicine, which demands further studies to investigate its active constituents, as well as its use and safety.     

Effect of the disruption of three cytoskeleton components on chondrocyte metabolism in rabbit knee cartilage

Background Chondrocytes＇ phenotype and biosynthesis of matrix are dependent on having an intact cytoskeletal structure.Microfilaments,microtubules,and intermediate filaments are three important components of the cytoskeletal structure of chondrocytes.The aims of this study were to determine and compare the effects of the disruption of these three cytoskeletal elements on the apoptosis and matrix synthesis by rabbit knee chondrocytes in vitro.Methods Chondrocytes were isolated from full-thickness knee cartilage of two-month-old rabbits using enzymatic methods （n=24）.The isolated cells were stabilized for three days and then exposed to low,medium,and high doses of chemical agents that disrupt the three principal cytoskeletal elements of interest：colchicine for microtubules,acrylamide for intermediate filaments,and cytochalasin D for actin microfilaments.A group of control cells were treated with carrier.Early apoptosis was assessed using the Annexin-FITC binding assay by flow cytometry on days 1 and 2 after exposure to the disrupting chemical agents.The components and distribution of the cytoskeleton within the cells were analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy （LSCM） with immunofluorescence staining on day 3.The mRNA levels of aggrecan （AGG） and type Ⅱ collagen （Col-2） and their levels in culture medium were analyzed using real-time PCR and enzymelinked immunosorbent serologic assay （ELISA） on days 3,6,and 9.Results In the initial drug-dose-response study,there was no significant difference in the vitality of cells treated with 0.1 μmol/L colchicine,2.5 mmol/L acrylamide,and 10 μg/L cytochalasin D for two days when compared with the control group of cells.The concentrations of colchicine and acrylamide treatment selected above significantly decreased the number of viable cells over the nine-day culture and disrupted significantly more cell nuclei.Real-time PCR and ELISA results showed that the mRNA levels and medium concentrations of AGG and Col-2 were significantly decreased for     

Liuwei Dihuang,a traditional Chinese herbal formula,suppresses chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and adipokine-ameliorating effects of Liuwei Dihuang （LWDH）, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in obese rats. METHODS： After 2 weeks of acclimation with free access to regular rodent chow and water, obese-prone-caesarean-derived （OP-CD） rats were fed a modified AIN-93G diet containing 60% energy from fat. Treatment was performed twice daily by gavage feeding with 500, 1 500, or 3 500 mg/kg body weight LWDH suspended in water （n=12 rats per group）. Twelve obese-resistant-CD （OR-CD） rats were fed the atherogenic diet and gavaged with water, and served as the normal control. Blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and adiponectin were measured post-sacrifice and used to determine the treatment effect of LWDH and assess the suitability of OR/OP-CD rats for studying these parameters. RESULTS： After 9 weeks of treatment, LWDH lowered serum C-reactive protein （CRP） and tumour necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） levels. Serum interleukin-6 （IL-6） levels showed a tendency towards reduction, but were not significantly different from the OP-CD control. Liver superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was increased in response to all three doses of LWDH, while the levels of reduced （GSH） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） were unchanged. Serum adiponectin levels were increased in response to oral administration of LWDH at the dose of either 500 or 1 500 mg/kg body weight. In addition, comparisons between OR-CD and OP-CD rats revealed differential, and for some biomarkers, conflicting characteristics of high-fat diet-fed OP-CD rats in reference to obese human subjects in terms of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and circulating adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION： The results show, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and adiponectin-ameliorating effects of LWDH in obese rats. The suitability of the OP-JOP-CD rat model as     

New Mechanism of Herb-herb Interaction between Ginseng and Trogopterus Based on CYPs in Rat Livers

The study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of herb-herb interaction between ginseng and Trogopterus （Trg） based on Cytochrome P450 isozymes （CYPs） in rat livers. We estimated the influence on CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A1/2 activity caused by ginseng and Trg used in combination. The CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 enzyme activity were induced by ginseng and Trg used in combination. And this induction effect was caused via inducing CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 protein expression which was supposed caused by inducing the gene expression of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.     

Iloprost inhibits fracture repair in rats

Background Previous studies have shown that prostaglandins （PGs） dramatically stimulate healing processes in bone.However,the effect of prostaglandin l2 （PGI2） on fracture healing remains unclear.To investigate the effect of PGI2,a study on fracture healing process in closed tibia fractures was designed.Methods Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomized into two groups.On the first day,their right tibias were fractured by three-point bending technique.The study group （n=18） received a single injection of 10 μg/kg iloprost for 5 days,while the control group （n=18） received saline solution in the same way.On the 7th,14th and 28th days following the fracture,six rats were sacrificed and their right legs were harvested in each group.The progression of fracture healing was assessed for each specimen by the scores of radiography （by Lane-Sandhu） and histology （by Huo et al）.Results On the 7th day,the radiographic and histologic scores were equal.On the 14th day radiographic total score was 6 and histologic total score was 23 in the iloprost group,whereas radiographic total score was 11 and histologic total score was 33 in the control group.On the 14th day radiographic and histologic scores were significantly decreased in the iloprost group compared to the control group （P 〈0.05）.On the 28th day radiographic total score was 12 and histologic total score was 37 in the iloprost group,whereas radiographic total score was 15 and histologic total score was 40 in the control group.On the 28th day although there was a decrease in radiographic and histologic scores of the iloprost group acording to control group,it was not statistically significant （P 〉0.05）.Conclusion Iloprost delays fracture healing in early stage in rats.     

Effect of Shenfu on the Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax of Intestinal Mucosal Epithelial Cells after Ischemic Reperfusion in Rats

Objective To study the effect of Shenfu on the expression of bax and bcl-2 in small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells after ischemic reperfusion injury and explore the effect of Shenfu on small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells apoptosis. Methods 36 SD rats were randomized into three groups, each consisting of 12 rats： Sham group （S group）, Ischemic reperfusion group （IR group）, Shenfu group （SF group）, Ischemic reperfusion models were made by ligated the superior menseneric artery for 1 hour followed by 2 hrs reperfusion. Histological mucosal damage in each group was graded according to Chiu＇s score. Immunohistochemistry detected the expression of bax and bcl-2, and obtained the optical density （OD） value using a color image pattern analysis system, and then calculated the ratio of bcl-2/bax. TUNEL method measured apoptotic intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, and calculated the apoptotic index. Results There were edema and epithelial impairment in part of villus and the integral was higher in SF group than S group （P〈0.05）, but lower than IR group （P〈0.01）. Compared IR group with S group and SF group, the average OD value of bcl-2 and bax had significant statistic difference （P〈0.01）, and the average OD value of bcl-2 in SF group was higher than in S group （P〈0.05）, meanwhile bcl-2/bax was significantly lower in IR group than in S group and SF group （P〈0.01）, but that was higher in SF group than in S group （P〈0.05）. Apoptotic index in IR group was significantly higher than that in other two groups （P〈0.01）, and that in SF group was higher than in S group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Shenfu can enhance the expression of bcl-2, decrease the expression of bax, meanwhile increase the ratio of bcl-2/bax, inhibit small intestinal mucosal epithetlial cells apoptosis, and protect small intestine mucosal epithetlial after ischemic reperfusion.     

补肾活血方对PCOS大鼠模型卵巢中PAI-1mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨补肾活血方对大鼠PCOS模型卵巢局部纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子-1（PAI—1mRNA）表达的影响。方法选用未成年24d龄SD雌性大鼠60只,随机分为模型组、克罗米酚组、补肾活血方高剂量组、补肾活血方低剂量组、正常对照组5组。用Bogovich法建立大鼠多囊卵巢病理模型。以克罗米酚为对照。用原位杂交法观察补肾活血方对多囊卵巢大鼠局部PAI—1mRNA的影响。结果模型组卵巢局部PAI—1mRNA存在卵泡膜间质细胞显著增高,用补肾活血方高、低剂量与克罗米酚药后,卵巢局部PAI-1mRNA的表达明显降低．差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05、P〈0．01）。补肾活血方高剂量组与克罗米酚组比较,差异具有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）;低荆量组与克罗米酚组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,补肾活血方高、低剂量组比较,低剂量组卵泡膜间质细胞上PAI-1的基因表达增高更明显,但二者差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论PAI-1mRNA可能与多囊卵巢综合征的发病机制有关。以补肾活血立法的补肾活血方能降低多囊卵巢大鼠局部PAI—1mRNA的显著增高表达．降低PAI—1mRNA卵巢局部的作用。提示补肾活血方可能通过PAI—1mRNA途径促进卵巢排卵的机制。     

表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂在非小细胞肺癌应用的瓶颈——获得性耐药

以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor,EGFR-TKI）分子靶向治疗研究为肇始,转化性研究使基础实验和临床实践间的鸿沟迅速填平,改变着人们认识治疗肺癌的视角。无可否认,EGFR-TKI上市后极大地延伸了肿瘤学家治疗肺癌的手段,但不管从临床经验、临床研究数据、分子生物学层面还是文献计量学的角度,     

益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的观察益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimers disease,AD）大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组（A组）、模型组（B组）、针灸组（C组）、益智＋针灸组（D组）各10只,B、C、D 3组分别以海马CA1区注射β淀粉样蛋白25-35（Aβ25-35）造模,A组注射等量的双蒸水,各组分别治疗20 d后行Morris水迷宫试验,观察大鼠学习记忆能力变化。结果B组较A组的平均潜伏期明显延长,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与B组比较,C组、D组的平均潜伏期明显缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;与C组比较,D组的潜伏期缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论益智健脑颗粒联合针灸能够提高Aβ25-35介导的AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。