凝胶化改性壳聚糖膜预防腹膜粘连的效果研究

目的对比研究凝胶化改性壳聚糖膜和透明质酸钠对腹膜粘连的预防作用。方法SD大鼠80只,随机分成4组：假手术对照组（A组）,生理盐水对照组（B组）,凝胶化改性壳聚糖膜组（C组）,透明质酸钠组（D组）。利用大鼠蚓突盲端制作创伤性腹膜粘连模型,然后每组分别用相应的方法处理创面,处理后第2周和第4周打开腹腔,以Bhada分级法评定蚓突盲端的粘连程度,并对盲端组织行羟脯胺酸（OHP）水平测定和病理组织学检查。结果术后第2周和第4周,C,D组的粘连程度均显著轻于B组（P=0．001～0．013）,OHP水平显著低于B组（P=0．037～P〈0．001）;C组和D组比较,粘连程度分级的差异两组间无显著性意义（P〉0．05）,但OHP含量C组显著低于D组（P=0．005,0．002）。病理学检查：A组所有大鼠蚓突组织无明显的病理改变,B组术后第2周时处理侧浆膜面有明显的炎症细胞浸润和纤维组织增生,术后第4周局部主要以纤维组织增生为主;相应的病理改变C,D组较B组明显减轻,C组的病理改变又明显轻于D组。结论凝胶化改性壳聚糖膜具有明显的抗腹膜粘连作用,且此作用较透明质酸钠具有优势。     

改性壳聚糖防粘连膜预防腹部手术后腹腔粘连的临床观察

目的 研究改性壳聚糖防粘连膜用于预防开腹手术后肠粘连的临床效果.方法 复旦大学附属中山医院普外科2006年1-12月间的240例腹部外科手术病例,随机分成两组,试验组关闭腹部切口前在手术创面和切口下放置改性壳聚糖防粘连膜,对照组则不放置.观察术后胃肠道功能恢复情况,术后腹痛程度和持续时间,手术后并发症发生率,并随访术后1年内腹痛和粘连性肠梗阻的发生率.结果 试验组术后腹痛症状较对照组明显减轻,术后肠道功能恢复和进食时间明显早于对照组,术后1年内粘连性肠梗阻发生率明显下降.术后并发症发生率两组间无明显统计学差异.结论 改性壳聚糖防粘连膜的使用有助于改善腹部外科术后腹腔粘连,减少粘连性肠梗阻的发生.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate a chemically-modified chitosan anti-adhesion film in the prevention of intestinal adhesion after abdominal surgery.Method In this study 240 patients at the Department of Surgery, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital undergoing abdominal surgery from Jan 2006 to Dec 2006 were randomly divided into two groups.In the research group, chemically-modified chitosan antiadhesion film was put both at the area of operation and under the incision before closing the abdomen.The recovery procedures were recorded including the recovery of gut movement, the degree and the lasting time of abdominal pain, complication after surgery, the abdominal pain and ileus within 1 year.Result Postoperative incision pain was less significant in research group.The gut function recovered quicker and dietary began earlier.The ratio of early ileus after the surgery decreased significantly.The abdominal adhesion symptom in 1 year after surgery ameliorated significantly.There was no significant difference in other postoperative complications in the two groups.Conclusion The use of chemicallymodified chitosan anti-adhesion film helps to prevent the intestinal adhesion after the abdominal surgery.     

壳聚糖凝胶对大鼠腹膜粘连的预防作用

目的:探讨壳聚糖凝胶对三种不同原因所致的大鼠腹膜粘连的预防作用.方法:144只SD大鼠,随机分成创伤致粘连组(A组)、滑石粉致粘连组(B组)及结扎血管致粘连组(C组).各组分别用相应的致粘连方法来处理大鼠蚓突盲端,再将每组大鼠分成对照组和实验组,对照组大鼠直接关腹,实验组用壳聚糖凝胶均匀涂布于经处理的蚓突浆膜面,然后关腹.处理后2 w、4 w再次打开腹腔,肉眼评定蚓突盲端同其周围组织的粘连程度,并取蚓突盲端组织行病理组织学检查.结果:①粘连评定:术后2 w和4 w,A组和C组中实验组的粘连程度均分别显著低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),而B组中的实验组和对照组间均无明显差异(P>0.05).②病理改变:A组处理侧浆膜面以纤维组织增生为主,而C组蚓突全层均有纤维组织增生,以浆膜层为重.B组处理侧浆膜面有大量异物巨细胞反应及肉芽肿形成,并伴有程度不同的纤维组织增生.结论:壳聚糖凝胶对创伤及缺血所致的腹膜粘连有明显的预防作用,而对异物所致的腹膜粘连作用则不明显.     

羟丁基壳聚糖预防大鼠腹腔粘连的实验研究

目的 探讨羟丁基壳聚糖对大鼠术后腹腔粘连的预防作用.方法 清洁级SD大鼠90只,雌雄各半,体重250～280 g,随机分为3组(n=30).采用纱布摩擦盲肠浆膜面制作腹腔粘连动物模型后,A、B组分别于盲肠表面喷涂2 mL浓度为2%的羟丁基壳聚糖溶液及透明质酸钠凝胶,C组旷置30 s后关腹.术后观察大鼠一般情况,术后2、4剧每组各取15只大鼠,行大体观察及组织学观察,双盲法行粘连程度分级.术后4周A、C组透射电镜观察创伤处盲肠壁的超微结构.结果 术后人鼠均存活至实验完成.术后2周,A、B组腹腔粘连程度较轻,纤维结缔组织及胶原增生较少,C组腹腔粘连较重,纤维结缔组织大量增生;根据Nair五级分级标准及组织学观察分级A、B组与C组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),A、B组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后4周,A组粘连程度轻,纤维结缔组织及胶原增生少,C组腹腔粘连严重,纤维结缔组织及胶原大量增生,B组介于两者之间,3组分级差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).透射电镜观察结果显示:A组成纤维细胞不活跃,胶原纤维较纤细,排列稀疏;C组成纤维细胞活跃,胶原纤维致密、紊乱.结论 羟丁基壳聚糖可显著减少大鼠腹腔术后纤维结缔组织增生,明显抑制成纤维细胞的活性,具有长时间预防腹腔粘连的作用.     

壳聚糖预防鸡趾屈肌腱粘连的实验研究

研究屈肌腱损伤的预防粘连的问题。用鸡趾屈肌腱损伤模型，观察聚糖膜的防粘连效果。结果；用壳聚糖膜包裹的肌腱愈合良好，缝合部表面光滑，肌腱与周围组织有明显间隙，无粘连或仅有轻度粘连。腱鞘缺损部有假鞘形成。肌腱愈合后该膜可自行降解吸收，不遗留异物。防粘连效果经解剖显微镜下观察粘连性状，组织学检查及生物力学测定均明显优于对照组。     

腹膜粘连的预防研究进展

术后腹膜粘连是腹部手术的常见并发症，术前不可预测。本文对其预防研究进展作了介绍。改进外科手术技巧可降低其发生率和严重程度，使用各种辅助治疗是必要的，近期采用的损伤面间置隔离物有较好的防粘连效果。     

靶向间皮角质细胞生长因子预防大鼠术后腹膜粘连的实验研究

目的 研究角质细胞生长因子(keratinocyte growth factor,KGF)通过促进间皮再生及影响腹膜纤溶活性而对大鼠腹膜粘连形成的预防作用.方法 30只雌性SD大鼠,平均分为3组,KGF组、阳性对照组和阴性对照组,每组10只.各组于术后第7天处死大鼠,参考Leach评分系统评估腹膜粘连程度,并采用免疫组化法来测定盲肠粘连组织中tPA、PAI-1表达情况.采用HE染色光镜观察组织变化情况,苦味酸天狼猩红染色-偏振光观察Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达.结果 KGF组胶原纤维变少,KGF组粘连总评分为(4.8±1.0)低于阳性对照组(7.6±1.0),两者差异有统计学意义(t=5.422,P＜0.01);KGF组Ⅰ型胶原纤维平均灰度值(69±11)明显高于阳性对照组(55±9)(t=3.214,P＜0.01);KGF组Ⅲ型胶原纤维平均灰度值(48±7)与阳性对照组(50±10)相比,差异无统计学意义(t=0.481,P＞0.05).免疫组化结果 示KGF组tPA表达水平(88±4.0)明显高于阳性对照组(112±4.0)和阴性对照组(101±2.0)(F=109.1,P＜0.01),PAI-1表达水平在3组之间的差异无统计学意义(F=1.391,P＞0.05).结论 KGF可促进腹膜间皮修复和增加间皮纤溶能力,抑制胶原沉积,从而降低术后粘连强度.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of keratinocyte growth factor on peritoneal adhesion formation in rats. Methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley( SD) female rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups, KGF group( n = 10), positive control group (n = 10) , and negative control group (n = 10). Seven days after surgery, rats were killed and the adhesion degree was evaluated by Leach scale. Immunohistochemical technique was used to identify the expression of tPA and PAI-1. Stained with HE,the histomorphology changes of the adhesion tissue were observed by light microscope. Picrosirius-polarization method was used to observe the expression of type Ⅰ or Ⅲ collagens in two groups. Results In the KGF group,lower collagen fibers were noted and the gross adhesion scores was significantly lower than that in positive control group (4. 8 ± 1. 0 vs 7. 6 ± 1. 0; t = 5.422; P ＜ 0. 01). The expression level of type Ⅰ collagens was significantly lower in the KGF group than in positive control group (69 ±11 versus 55 ±9;t = 3. 214 ;P ＜0. 01) ,but there was no significant difference in the expression of type Ⅲ collagens among the two groups (48 ± 7 versus 50 ± 10; t = 0. 481; P ＞ 0. 05). The immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of tPA significantly increased in the KGF group than in positive control group and negative control group(88 ±4.0 versus 112 ±4.0, 101 ±2.0;F = 109. l,P＜0. 01) , However, no statistically significant difference for the expression of PAI-1 was noted among the three groups ( F = 1. 391, P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusions Keratinocyte growth factor promotes mesothelium repair, increases mesothelial fibrinolytic activity, inhibits the deposition of collagen and reduces the intensity of postoperative adhesions.     

羧甲基纤维素、几丁糖预防腹膜粘连的实验研究

开腹手术后，由于腹膜自然修复作用，几乎都要发生局部粘连，轻者引起腹部不适，重者会导致粘连性肠梗阻。本实验研究比较了羧甲基纤维素和几丁糖预防腹部术后腹膜粘连的效果。     

壳聚糖膜预防术后腹腔粘连及其作用机制的研究

目的研究壳聚糖防粘连膜在大鼠粘连模型中的防止术后腹腔内腹膜粘连的作用,并对其可能的作用机制进行探讨。方法sD大鼠60只,随机分成两组,对照组（肠粘连模型组）n=30;实验组（壳聚糖薄膜组）n=30。比较两组动物在术后第1天,3天,7天,60天,90天的时间段腹腔粘连发生率和程度,并用光学显微镜和电镜对腹腔内粘连的标本进行病理观察,比较腹膜的反应情况。结果对照组的各时间段发生的粘连程度与粘连的发生率比实验组都要高。实验组的重新腹膜化比对照组明显要完整。结论壳聚糖防粘连膜能明显地减少腹腔术后粘连的发生。     

重组链激酶腹腔灌注预防大鼠腹腔粘连的实验研究

目的：探讨基因重组链激酶（r-SK）对腹腔粘连的预防价值。方法：30只SD大鼠手术制作腹腔粘连模型后随机分3组，SK组给予r-SK、NS组给予生理盐水腹腔灌注，另一组空白对照（N组），术后1周，2周分别处死动物，观察腹腔粘连程度，并取腹膜和网膜组织进行HE、嗜银染色和纤维蛋白、CD34免疫组化染色，镜下观察组织学改变情况。结果：SK组中，无粘连33.3%，I度粘连61.1%，Ⅱ度粘连5.6%；NS组和N组中均有腹腔粘连，其中2/3表现为Ⅱ～Ⅳ度粘连，镜下表现，腹膜和网膜组织HE，嗜银染色和纤维蛋白，CD34免疫组化染色，显示KS组炎症反应较轻，NS组和N组均呈明显急性炎症反应。结论：r-SK腹腔灌注有减轻大量术后腹腔粘连的作用，有一定的量-效关系。     

The preventive effect of ambroxol hydrochloride chitosan on postoperative intraperitoneal adhesion formation in a rat model

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of ambroxol hydrochloride chitosan reduced the degree of peritoneal adhesion.

Methods: A total of 120 Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were experimented, group A: the damaged peritoneal was covered with ambroxol hydrochloride chitosan, group B: chitosan membrane only, group C: nothing. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to observe the expression of TNF-α and NF-κB p65.

Results: TNF-α and NF-κB p65 in group A significantly decreased in comparison with the controls. IHC showed TNF-α and NF-κB p65 were significantly down-regulated in group A. Adhesion grade in the treatment group was significantly lower than in controls.

Conclusion: Ambroxol hydrochloride chitosan reduced the degree of peritoneal adhesion.     

几丁糖改性膜预防椎板切除术后硬膜外粘连

目的　探讨预防椎板切除术后硬膜外粘连的有效材料和方法。方法　新西兰兔 2 4只 ,行L2 、L4及L6椎板切除术 ,造成 8mm× 5mm硬脊膜裸露区 ,共 72个节段 ,随机分为 3组 ,分别植入不同的材料 :A组植入几丁糖改性膜 ;B组植入透明质酸钠 ;C组用生理盐水对照。术后 2、4、8、12周处死动物取材 ,进行瘢痕形成情况的肉眼观察和组织学观察、硬膜外粘连等级评定及图像分析等。结果　C组硬膜外形成致密粘连 ,B组部分粘连 ,A组无明显粘连。结论　几丁糖改性膜对硬膜外粘连有明显的预防作用 ,其作为椎板切除术后的内植物值得做进一步研究     

Effects of seprafilm on peritoneal fibrinolytic system

BACKGROUND: There is a high incidence of adhesions after ventral hernia repair with polypropylene mesh. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Seprafilm in the prevention of adhesion formation and effect on peritoneal fibrinolytic activity. METHODS: An incisional hernia model was created in rats. In the experimental group Seprafilm was placed between polypropylene mesh and abdominal organs. On the 14th day adhesions were evaluated and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) type 1 and 2 were measured in peritoneal biopsy specimens. Results: Adhesions were significantly reduced in the Seprafilm group (P = 0.002). Nevertheless, there were no difference between the two groups in levels of tPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2. However, the levels of uPA were significantly decreased in the Seprafilm group. CONCLUSIONS: The adhesion preventive effect of Seprafilm is not directly related in peritoneal fibrinolytic activity. Instead, the physical properties (barrier, hydroflotation and sliconizing effect) of the membrane are primarily responsible for adhesion prevention.     

Growth of human endothelial cells on different concentrations of Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp grafted chitosan surface

To improve the adhesion and growth of endothelial cells on chitosan, different concentrations of cell adhesive peptide, Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp (GRGD), were photochemically grafted to its surface. After different concentrations of GRGD-SANPAH (N-Succinimidyl-6-4'-azido-2'-nitrophenylamino]-hexanoate) solutions were formed, they were grafted to chitosan surfaces by performing surface adsorption of the peptide solutions and subsequent ultraviolet (UV) irradiation to induce photoreaction. The grafted efficiency for GRGD peptide to chitosan surface was higher than 80%, as semiquantitatively analyzed by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). FTIR spectra and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) also confirmed that GRGD was successfully grafted to form chitosan-GRGD surfaces. For example, the composition fraction of nitrogen (N1s) for chitosan-GRGD surface grafted at 0.05 M GRGD was 6.8% instead of 3.2% for chitosan only. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) adhered well and grew on different GRGD grafted concentrations of chitosan-GRGD surfaces after 36 hrs of incubation, but not on the chitosan surface. Furthermore, viability for the growth of HUVECs was increased with an increase in initial concentration of GRGD grafted chitosan-GRGD surfaces analyzed by MTT assay. In conclusion, an increased concentration of GRGD grafted on the chitosan-GRGD surface leads to more HUVECs adhered and grown on the surface.     

硒化壳聚糖促创面愈合作用的初步研究

目的：通过研究硒化壳聚糖对体外培养皮肤成纤维细胞增殖的影响来评判其对创面愈合的作用。方法：用不同剂量（25mg/L、50mg/L、100mg/L、200mg/L、400mg/L）硒化壳聚糖作用于成纤维细胞,光镜下观察药物对细胞形态的影响;MTT法、3H-TdR、3H-脯氨酸掺入法、细胞生长动力学研究用于检测药物对细胞增殖及胶原合成影响;LDH漏出率用于检测药物对细胞有无损伤;并以等体积细胞培养液处理为对照组。结果：各浓度药物处理细胞后,细胞形态未见明显改变,均可使细胞吸光度值增加,细胞倍增时间缩短,促进细胞对3H-TdR和3H-脯氨酸的掺入（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,降低LDH漏出率（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论：硒化壳聚糖可促进体外培养皮肤成纤维细胞增殖和胶原合成,进而促进创面愈合。     

脂肪乳剂糜蛋白酶预防腹腔内粘连的研究

选用新西兰白兔４８只，分成三组，制成肠粘连模型，分别用１０％脂肪乳剂、糜蛋白酶超产混合液，６％右旋糖酐（Ｄ４０）腹腔灌注，分别与对照组比较。结果显示，两组均有显著预防腹腔内粘连作用，而１０％脂肪乳剂、糜蛋白酶的作用较右旋糖酐更显著。     

S-100预防大鼠术后腹腔粘连的实验研究

目的：观察不同浓度S-100防粘连冲洗液预防腹腔粘连的效果及其对血清TGF-β1水平的影响。方法：60只Wistar大鼠随机分为6组,每组10只。包括模型组（A组）、透明质酸钠组（B组）、0.5%S-100组（C组）、3%S-100组（D组）、5%S-100（E组）和泰陵组（F组）。通过粘连分级、HE染色、免疫组织化学染色、羟脯氨酸测定观察S-100预防腹腔粘连效果的同时,测定血清TGF-β1水平。结果：B、C、D、E及F组在粘连分级、HE染色及羟脯氨酸测定方面均优于A组（P〈0.05）;B、C组之间,D、E、F组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;D、E、F3组与B、C2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。免疫组织化学染色结果显示B、C、D、E、F组粘连组织内CollagenⅠ含量比A组低（χ2=11.098,P=0.049）。各组大鼠血清TGF-β1水平差异无统计学意义（F=0.161,P=0.976）。结论：S-100防粘连冲洗液具有明显预防腹腔粘连形成的作用,其作用优于透明质酸钠,最佳作用浓度区间为3%～5%。