进展期胰腺癌患者姑息性旁路手术后的预后因素分析

目的：探讨进展期胰腺癌患者接受姑息性旁路手术后的预后影响因素。 方法：回顾2005年5月—2013年6月收治的102例接受旁路手术的进展期胰腺癌患者的临床资料,分析患者术后的生存情况与预后影响因素。 结果：全组患者的中位总生存时间（OS）为8.7个月,生存分析显示,疼痛程度轻微患者中位OS高于疼痛程度严重患者、ASA I/II患者的中位OS高于ASA III级患者、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平正常患者中位OS高于CRP升高患者、无转移患者中位OS高于肝/腹膜转移患者,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。单因素分析显示,患者的中位OS与疼痛程度、ASA分级、术中失血量、有无肝/腹膜转移、CRP水平、CA19-9水平、白蛋白（ALB）水平有关（均P<0.05）;COX回归多因素分析显示,ASA III级、重度疼痛、CRP≥5 mg/L、肝/腹膜转移为影响患者术后生存的独立危险因素（均P<0.05）。 结论：ASA III级、重度疼痛、高水平CRP及肝、腹膜转移是姑息性治疗的进展期胰腺癌预后不良的指标。

     

进展期胰腺癌姑息治疗临床价值

美国国家综合癌症网络(NCCN)胰腺癌诊治指南对胰腺癌姑息治疗给予了明确指导,对于局部进展期及晚期胰腺癌的姑息治疗,解决梗阻性黄疸的首选方案是内镜下胆管支架治疗,解决消化道梗阻的最佳方案是手术干预治疗,而控制疼痛的首选治疗方案是药物治疗。对于生存期6个月的病人,不建议行手术治疗,而对于在术中探查中发现肿瘤不能切除时,建议行胆肠吻合与胃肠吻合的双旁路手术及125I粒子植入或腹腔神经阻滞。胰腺癌的姑息治疗需要多学科综合治疗才能达到最理想的效果,相信随着技术的不断进展,胰腺癌的姑息治疗将会更加完善。     

胰腺癌手术治疗预后因素分析

目的探讨胰腺癌的手术方式、病理分期、淋巴结转移、血管侵犯对患者存活率、生存时间的影响。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2006年10月随访的100例胰腺癌患者随访资料。结果 100例胰腺癌患者1、3、5年累计存活率69.0%,31.0%和11.0%,手术病死率和术后总并发症发生率为2.0%和36.0%。COX回归分析手术方式和病理分期对生存时间及累计存活率的影响有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同切除程度R0～R2中位生存时间分别为33.3、17.1和10.4个月,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。UICC分期Ⅰ期～Ⅳ期的中位生存时间分别为34.3、22.0、15.6和11.0个月,不同病理分期影响其生存时间,差异有统计学意义。P<0.05。有、无淋巴结转移的中位生存时间和3年累积存活率别为16个月、29个月和7.0%、36.0%(P<0.05)。有、无血管侵犯的中位生存时间和3年累积存活率分别为16个月、26个月和0.28%(P>0.05)。结论胰腺癌患者的R0切除率、不同病理分期、有无淋巴结转移是患者预后的主要影响因素。     

两种姑息性旁路手术方式治疗进展期胰头癌疗效比较

目的比较两种姑息性旁路手术治疗无法切除的进展期胰头癌的疗效。方法无法手术切除的进展期胰头癌37例,行单纯胆管空肠吻合术29例(单旁路手术组),胆管空肠吻合联合预防性胃空肠吻合术8例(双旁路手术组)。结果单旁路术和双旁路术后并发症发生率分别为37.9%和50.0%(P>0.05),两组均无住院死亡,1年生存率分别为41.4%、37.5%,两年生存率为3.4%、12.5%,生存时间分别为(10.7±6.7)月、(11.6±10.8)月,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但术后单旁路术组发生胃输出口梗阻11例(37.9%),明显高于双旁路术组(0),P<0.05。结论行预防性胃空肠吻合术的双旁路手术治疗无法切除的进展期胰头癌优于单纯的胆管空肠吻合术,尽管术后远期生存并无差别,但可以明显降低发生胃输出口梗阻的风险,同时并不增加并发症及死亡率。     

姑息性手术治疗Ⅳ期右半结肠癌的疗效及预后不良危险因素分析

目的探讨Ⅳ期右半结肠癌患者接受姑息性手术的疗效,并分析预后不良的危险因素。方法纳入2013年1月至2016年6月于本院接受姑息性手术的97例Ⅳ期右半结肠癌患者为研究对象,术后随访3年,观察手术治疗效果及患者生存情况,采用Cox回归模型分析观察组预后不良的危险因素。结果 97例患者均手术成功,未见30d内死亡患者,术后45例出现并发症。随访期间79例死亡,患者总体中位生存时间11.0个月,1年、2年、3年累积生存率分别为45.4%、24.7%、18.8%。T_4分期、N_2分期、术前梗阻、伴腹膜种植、术前癌胚抗原升高是患者预后不良的危险因素(OR=2.535、2.111、3.474、2.667、4.685,均P0.05),术后接受靶向治疗是患者预后的保护因素(OR=-0.497,P0.05)。结论姑息性手术对治疗Ⅳ期右半结肠癌有一定价值;T_4分期、N_2分期、术前梗阻、伴腹膜种植、术前癌胚抗原升高是患者预后不良的危险因素,术后接受靶向治疗是患者预后的保护因素。     

晚期胰腺癌姑息性手术治疗的临床观察

胰腺癌为一种恶性度很高的肿瘤，由于胰腺癌起病隐匿缺乏早期诊断的有效方法，且因其解剖位置特殊和肿瘤生物学侵袭性高，大多数病人在明确诊断时已失去根治性外科治疗的机会。故手术切除率很低，仅为10％，5年生存率3．4％。目前对晚期胰腺癌仍无有效的治疗方法，为解除胆道梗阻和十二指肠梗阻、减轻疼痛、提高生活质量及延长寿命，     

胰腺癌预后的多因素分析

目的 采用COX风险模型对154例胰腺癌进行统计分析,探讨影响胰腺癌预后的因素.方法 回顾分析2001年4月-2008年4月福建医科大学附属协和医院收治的154例胰腺癌患者的临床资料,应用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,生存曲线采用Log-rank检验,多因素分析采用COX比例风险模型.结果 154例患者生存期为1～ 106个月,中位生存期8个月,其中6、12、18、36个月生存率分别为58.4％、29.2％、16.3％、3.7％.多因素分析显示,TNM分期、手术方式、综合治疗是影响胰腺癌预后的独立因素.结论 胰腺癌患者预后受多个因素影响,TNM分期越晚的胰腺癌患者预后越差,行根治性切除术及综合治疗的患者预后较好.     

姑息性减量手术治疗进展期肝细胞癌的指征

尽管肝脏外科在诊断方法，外科技术和围手术期病人的处理方面近来已取得明显的进展，但是肝切除治疗肝细胞癌（HCC）的指征仍限于有多发性肝内转移的病人。已有多种方法治疗这种进展期HCC病人，如肝动脉栓塞，碘油栓塞，微波组织凝固治疗，经皮注射酒精等。但这些治疗并非总是有效的，而目前对于姑息性减量手术治疗进展期HCC病人的指征的研究为数不多。本文旨在证明姑息性减量手术治疗进展期HCC病人的指征。1985，4～1994，3间，25名进展期HCC病人在日本福冈kyushu大学医院作了姑息性减量手术。作者根据姑息性减量手术后估计残余肿瘤…     

胃癌手术患者预后的多因素分析

目的探讨影响胃癌手术患者预后的相关因素。方法应用单因素和多因素的分析方法,回顾性分析1990年1月至2001年12月有完整临床资料和随访资料的887例胃癌患者的临床资料。结果胃癌患者总的1年生存率为79.63%,3年生存率为49.29%,5年生存率为43.40%。单因素分析结果显示肿瘤部位,TNM分期,病理分型,手术方式,化疗方法与患者的预后具有相关性。应用COX回归模型分析显示TNM分期,病理分型,手术方式,化疗方法是影响胃癌患者手术预后的相关因素。结论 TNM分期,病理分型,手术方式,化疗方法是影响胃癌手术患者预后的重要指标。     

晚期胰腺癌的外科姑息性治疗

胰腺恶性肿瘤95％发生在胰腺外分泌部分，其中绝大多数为腺癌[1]。胰腺癌约占消化道恶性肿瘤的8％～10％，占全身恶性肿瘤的1％～4％[2]。国内有关统计表明，胰腺癌在全国发病已占全身恶性肿瘤的第8位，占癌症死亡的第5位[2,5,6]。临床上往往难以达到对胰腺癌的早期诊断和及时治疗，就诊所见多数为晚期患者[7，8]。目前外科手术仍为胰腺癌的首选治疗，但迄今胰腺癌的切除率仍很低，通常为15％左右[2,3,5～9]。这主要是针对胰头癌而言，胰头癌占胰腺癌的3／4。胰体尾癌切除率更低。大多数胰腺癌无法获得根治性切除，所以，外科姑息性治疗目前…     

Prognostic factors for long-term survival in patients with locally invasive pancreatic cancer

Background/Purpose We aimed to investigate predictors of survival in patients with resectable locally invasive pancreatic cancer. Methods The patient cohort consisted of 55 patients with locally invasive pancreatic cancer (International Union Against Cancer [UICC] stage III in 36 patients and stage IV in 19) who had undergone resection. The patients were informed about the advantages and the adverse effects of postoperative chemotherapy, and prospectively selected either observation alone or postoperative chemotherapy. The postoperative chemotherapy regimen options were: (1) intraarterial chemotherapy alone, (2) systemic chemotherapy alone, or (3) intraarterial chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy. Results Overall 1-year and 2-year survival rates after resection were 40.5% and 13.5%, respectively. Median survival time was 10.9 months. Twenty-nine patients (52.7%) received postoperative chemotherapy. On univariate analysis, only postoperative chemotherapy was associated with long-term survival (P < 0.01). In the patients with postoperative chemotherapy, the 1-year survival rate and MST were 61.7% and 16.3 months, compared with 20.1% and 7.9 months in the patients without postoperative chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis also showed that only postoperative chemotherapy was identified as an independent survival factor. Conclusions It was suggested that postoperative chemotherapy was essential for the improvement of survival in patients with locally invasive pancreatic cancer.     

从胰腺癌患者的长期生存看预后因素及治疗模式

胰腺癌恶性程度高,具有早期胰腺内播散,胰腺外神经丛侵犯,淋巴结转移与血管侵犯的特点.即使外科切除,大部分患者5年生存率仍<5%. 1长期生存的特征     

从胰腺癌患者的长期生存看预后因素及治疗模式

Pancreatic cancer has the characteristics of high malignancy, early dissemination within the pancreas,extrapancreatic nerve plexus invasion, lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion. The 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer patients was under 5% even for those who had undergone surgical resection. Based on the review of the literatures including 42 pancreatic cancer patients who survived for 5-20 years after the operation, we concluded that curative resection of pancreatic cancer was still a reliable means in achieving long-term survival; factors influencing the results of resection of pancreatic cancer were lymph nodes involvement, poor differentiated tumor, extrapancreatic nerve plexus invasion, tumor size, residual tumor, curative resection and adjuvant chemotherapy; early diagnosis, aggressive surgery for patients with indications of resection, appropriate surgical procedure and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy are essential factors to ensure a long term survival of patients with pancreatic cancer.     

Nonresectional palliative abdominal surgery for patients with advanced colorectal cancer

Objective Nonresectional palliative abdominal surgery (e.g. defunctioning stoma/bypass) may be appropriate for patients unsuitable for curative resection, to deal with complications of advanced colorectal malignancy such as obstruction. Our aim was to review the outcome of surgery in these patients within our institution. Method All patients undergoing palliative surgery without resection for colorectal carcinoma between July 1998 and January 2007 were identified from our prospectively compiled colorectal cancer database. Data were extracted related to patients’ demographics, presentation, tumour site, operative intervention, complications, oncological therapies, length of hospital stay and postoperative survival. Results One hundred and ninety‐three patients were identified with a median age of 79 years (31–94 years). Fifty per cent were operated on an emergent basis for obstruction or perforation, and 50% on an elective basis. One hundred and sixty‐nine patients had defunctioning stomas formed of which 156 were loop stomas. Twenty‐four patients underwent bypass procedures. Thirty‐day mortality rate was 13.5% and postoperative morbidity rate 47%. Median survival was 247 days, with 1‐year survival of 38%. Patients undergoing operation on an emergent basis had poorer long‐term survival (127 vs 320 days, P = 0.002). Conclusion Nonresectional palliative abdominal surgery is associated with relatively high morbidity and mortality, particularly when performed in the emergency setting. However, in this patient group with a very poor outlook, it may be offered with reasonable survival expectations.     

Current role of palliative interventions in advanced pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Unfortunately, at diagnosis, most patients are not candidates for curative resection. Surgical palliation, a procedure performed with the intention of relieving symptoms or improving quality of life, comes to the forefront of management. This article reviews the palliative management of unresectable pancreatic cancer, including obstructive jaundice, duodenal obstruction and pain control with celiac plexus block. Although surgical bypasses for both biliary and duodenal obstructions usually achieve good technical success, they result in considerable perioperative morbidity and mortality, even when performed laparoscopically. The effectiveness of selfexpanding metal stents for biliary drainage is excellent with low morbidity. Surgical gastrojejunostomy for duodenal obstruction appears to be best for patients with a life expectancy of greater than 2 mo while endoscopic stenting has been shown to be feasible with good symptom relief in those with a shorter life expectancy. Regardless of the palliative procedure performed, all physicians involved must be adequately trained in end of life management to ensure the best possible care for patients.     

Prognostic factors in ductal pancreatic cancer

Introduction: The diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains a devastating life event for most patients and their families. Many patients with this relatively common malignancy present at a stage of disease not amenable to cancer-directed resectional therapy, and are treated via nonoperative palliative measures, with median survival of 4 – 8 months post-diagnosis. Conclusion: A minority of patients present with disease limited to the pancreas and periampullary region and are candidates for resectional therapy. The prognosis for these patients is determined by several factors: clinicopathologic staging, tumor biology and molecular genetics, perioperative factors and the use of postoperative adjuvant therapy. Received: 23 February 1998     

Ethics and palliative care in patients with advanced cancer

Recent research in both the biology of cancer and the treatment of patients has increased the life expectancy of cancer patients with recurrence and who have a longer survival rate. Cancer is no longer considered a lethal but a chronic disease. More patients survive, but above all there are more patients with recurrences thus increasing the need for physical or psychological treatment of patients with longer lives. The American Cancer Society reported in 1992 that in the U.S. more than 8 million people survived between 4 and 5 years. This produces both an ethical and medical challenge for treatment of cancer patients. This paper reviews the actual criteria for palliative care: treatment for pain and the ethical and psychological treatment of advanced cancer patients and their families.