手卫生品管圈对手术室感染控制的影响

目的探讨手术室手卫生品管圈对手术室感染控制的影响。方法选择手术室护士35名,2014年为品管圈干预后组,2013年为干预前组,比较品管圈干预前后手术室感染以及手卫生依从性。结果干预后洗手指征、洗手方法及洗手持续时间正确率高于干预前(P<0.05),干预后切口感染率低于干预前,干预前后穿刺部位和导尿管感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论手术室开展手卫生品管圈对于提高手术室护理人员手卫生依从性,减少手术切口感染率具有积极意义,值得临床重视。     

品管圈活动降低消毒供应室护理人员手卫生不规范率的效果评价

目的探讨品管圈活动降低消毒供应室护理人员手卫生不规范率的效果。方法选择我院消毒供应室2014年10月~2016年9月期间在职同一批护理人员24名作为研究对象,调查并记录2015年9月品管圈活动干预前护理人员手卫生依从性、手卫生知识掌握情况、手卫生效果、手卫生不规范率;采用自制问卷调查的方式对其相关影响因素进行调查分析,根据调查结果总结并制定相应品管圈活动实施方案,并于2015年10月开始施行干预;记录干预后消毒供应室护理人员手卫生依从性、手卫生知识掌握情况、手卫生效果、手卫生不规范率并与干预前进行比较。结果通过品管圈活动干预后,护理人员的手卫生依从性、知识掌握率与干预前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);对护理人员进行品管圈活动干预后手部细菌数检测,洗手后手部细菌数较干预前明显减少(P<0.05);手卫生不规范率较干预前明显降低(P<0.05)。结论在消毒供应室进行品管圈活动可以协助护理人员掌握手卫生知识,提高护理人员手卫生依从性,有效的降低护理人员手卫生不规范率,为控制院内感染提供保障。     

品管圈活动在降低住院精神病患者医院感染中的应用

目的探讨品管圈活动对我院科室住院精神病患者医院感染的影响。方法成立品管圈活动小组,通过对2014年住院精神病患者医院感染的原因调查与分析,设定QCC干预目标,并实施相应的措施。结果实行品管圈活动后,2015年医院感染发生率为2.88%明显低于2014年医院感染的发生率12.12%。比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),结论实施品管圈活动可以有效减少住院精神病患者医院感染的发生率,提高了护理质量,减少了医疗风险。     

品管圈在医院感染管理中的应用效果

目的以手术室为例,分析探讨品管圈在医院管理中的应用效果。方法于2013年1月至2014年10月在我院手术室建立品管圈,与实施品管圈比较分析快速手消毒剂使用不规范行为的发生情况,并采用医院自制问卷调查品管圈实施后的其他效果。结果实施品管圈后,每7 d平均不规范例数的发生数明显低于实施前;实施品管圈后,成员解决问题的能力、责任心得分、沟通协调能力、自信心以及团队凝聚力得分情况明显优于实施前,实施前后比较差异显著,P<0.05具有统计学意义;试验组患者的治疗有效率明显高于对照组患者,两组患者比较差异显著,P<0.05具有统计学意义。结论品管圈应用于医院感染管理中可取得满意效果,品管圈实施后可有效降低不规范行为的发生,提高成员解决问题的能力、自信心以及沟通协调能力等,值得临床推广应用。     

品管圈活动对提高医务人员洗手依从性的效果观察

目的:探讨品管圈活动(QCC)对提高医务人员洗手依从性的效果。方法:成立品管圈活动小组,选定活动主题,设计医务人员手卫生依从性及洗手正确率调查表,分析影响依从性的因素,圈员共同拟定对策并按PDCA理论实施,比较活动前后洗手依从性和准确性,从而确认活动效果。结果:实行QCC后,手卫生依从性由原来的45.31%上升到68.91%;洗手正确率由原来的56.29%上升到79.34%。结论:QCC提升了医务人员洗手的依从性和正确性,有效地降低了院内感染的发生率。     

外科手术室感染控制存在的问题及护理管理对策

目的：探讨外科手术室感染存在的问题及护理管理对策。方法2013年5月针对手术室感染因素开始实施医院感染控制管理,分析手术室感染的高危因素,并提出整改措施,比较在实施医院感染控制管理前后的手术室感染情况。结果手术室感染高危因素包括手术前洗手不彻底、空气物体表面消毒不认真、术中器材消毒不彻底、人员流动不控制、推车被褥不严格消毒、患者因素等,在实施控制管理前随访425例手术患者,感染38例,感染率为8.9%,在实施控制管理后随访456例手术患者,感染12例,感染率为2.6%,前后比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论加强手术室感染控制管理,能提高医疗护理安全,是控制医院感染的重要保障。     

医务人员手卫生现状与免水洗手前景

医院感染问题随着医学的发展日益突出。如何有效地控制医院感染已成为非常迫切的问题。有研究证明经医务人员的手传播细菌而造成医院感染约占30％。所以院内洗手已成为降低医院感染最可行最苇要的措施，美国2002 CDC院内洗手规范所应用的大量临床报道也证实了院内洗手的有效性。另外,院内洗手也是院内感染标准预防的重要措施之一。如果忽略了标准预防，忽略了洗手，那么隔离预防的平台是无效的。     

护理人员手卫生对控制院内感染的效果分析

目的探讨护理人员的手卫生在控制院内感染中的效果。方法选择2009年1月至2011年9月入住奉贤区精神卫生中心四、五病区的240例老年痴呆症患者作为研究对象,随机分成两组,设观察组与对照组各120例。两组病例在实施常规护理的基础上,观察组:规范护理操作流程,在为每位患者做任何操作之前护理人员均洗手戴手套,并根据病情的需要及时更换手套;对照组:进行常规护理。结果观察组:院内感染的发生率与患者的病死率分别为15.8%、3.3%,对照组:为45.8%、18.3%,两组比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论规范护理操作流程,实施护理人员的手卫生,能有效降低院内感染减少患者的病死率。     

引导临床护士做好“六步”洗手的办法与体会

手是传播医院感染的重要途径。医院内医护人员手的微生物污染，常成为院内感染的重要感染源，为此，国际上规定在医院护理工作中，须采用通用的洗手方法——六步洗手法。用六步洗手法洗手后，手表面培养出的菌落数及菌种数明显低于用普通洗手法洗手者，提示六步洗手法的洗手效果的可靠性。因此，采用该法洗手对预防院内感染的发生有重要作用.我院护理部注重在临床上引导护士做好六步法洗手，取得了较好的效果，现将情况报告如下。     

品管圈对手术室医院感染的预防控制的效果观察

目的:探讨品管圈对手术室医院感染的预防控制的应用效果。方法:选择2016年3月-2017年3月期间我院收治的手术患者60例为研究对象,均分为两组,对照组为常规管理,观察组为品管圈管理,对比两组管理情况。结果:观察组的手术室医院感染发生率3.33%低于对照组的16.67%,观察组的护理质量评分与满意度评分高于对照组,统计学有意义(P0.05)。结论:品管圈对手术室医院感染的预防控制的应用效果非常显著,降低了手术室医院感染发生率,提高了护理质量和满意度,值得应用。     

Role of the liver in the disposition of intravenous nitroglycerin in the rat

Previous studies have indicated that the liver is the main site of nitroglycerin (NTG) elimination when the drug is systematically infused. To examine this hypothesis, we measured the apparent systemic clearance (Cls) of nitroglycerin in anesthesized rats receiving a constant intravenous infusion at a dose of 100 micrograms per kg per min. Animals were divided into shunt and sham groups; the former had undergone a portal vein ligation 10 days prior to the study, while the latter was subjected to a sham operation. On the study day, half of the animals of each group also received probenecid at 200 mg/kg, i.v., a drug previously reported to inhibit organic nitrate ester reductase (ONER) activity in rat liver. Arterial NTG samples were obtained at 41, 43 and 45 min of infusion in all four experimental groups; Cls was 439 +/- 32 ml per kg per min (mean +/- S.E.) in sham, 460 +/- 44 in sham and probenecid, 477 +/- 39 in shunt, and 461 +/- 34 in shunt and probenecid animals. During NTG infusion, hepatic blood flow (measured with a constant infusion of indocyanine green) was decreased markedly in shunted rats as was liver/body weight, indicating hepatic atrophy. The specific activity of hepatic ONER was similar in all four groups. In spite of marked differences in hepatic blood flow and hepatic mass, the Cls was similar in all four groups. The liver does not appear to be a major site for the elimination of systemic nitroglycerin as hitherto assumed.     

半导体激光治疗老年人压疮疗效观察

目的探讨半导体激光局部照射治疗老年人压疮疗效.方法:收集2012年1月-2015年6月48例压疮患者,分为半导体组和常规组各24例.常规组采用常规治疗,半导体组采用半导体激光加常规治疗,10 d为1个疗程,不超过3个疗程.疗程结束后比较两组疗效.结果:半导体组压疮愈显率为83.33％,创面愈合时间为(12.75±5.51)d,常规组分别为54.17％和(19.63±8.65)d,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组均未见不良反应.结论:半导体激光加常规治疗压疮效果肯定,无明显不良反应,且操作简便.     

Nifedipine in the treatment of hypertension in the elderly

The effect of nifedipine monotherapy, retard tablets, 20 mg bid, was evaluated in 23 hypertensive patients, mean age, 79 +/- 2 years. Twenty-one patients completed an eight-week study. Blood pressure (BP) decreased to 160/90 mm Hg in 15 patients; in four additional patients diastolic BP dropped by 15% to 28%. In a subset of five patients with isolated systolic hypertension, a significant reduction in systolic BP was noted. Side effects were relatively mild and only two patients discontinued the study. The results suggest that nifedipine monotherapy offers an alternative, logic, therapeutic approach to hypertension in the elderly.     

HACCP在学校集体食堂卫生管理中的应用研究

目的 通过HACCP在学校集体食堂管理中的应用,提高食品卫生水平,保障学生的身体健康。方法 HACCP原则。结果 食品卫生达到较高水平,极大地减少了食物中毒的发生。结论 提示HACCP原则可在学校集体食堂的卫生管理中发挥有效作用。     

The role of the gut flora in the reduction of sulphinpyrazone in the rat

Sulphinpyrazone underwent both reduction to a sulphide and oxidation to a sulphone after parenteral administration to normal Wistar rats. Oral administration was associated with a bioavailability of about 75% and with a 3-fold greater formation of the sulphide. However, no sulphide was detected in the plasma after oral administration of sulphinpyrazone to germ-free (BD/X) rats or normal rats treated with oral antibiotics. In vitro studies showed that the major site of reduction of sulphinpyrazone was the contents of the hind gut with little activity detected in the liver or other tissues. The sulphide was oxidised in vivo to sulphinpyrazone and small amounts of sulphone, while the latter underwent only slight reduction to sulphinpyrazone, but did not give detectable levels of the sulphide. These data suggest that the gut microflora are the main site of reduction of sulphinpyrazone in the rat in vivo.     

Pharmacological analysis of the participation of the catecholaminergic system in the development of the abstinence syndrome in rats

The behavioural activity of rats in "the open field" was studied. It was revealed that rats alcoholized for 8 months do not practically differ in their behavioural indicators from the intact ones. After the discontinuation of alcohol marked disturbances appear in their behaviour, that are arrested by apomorphine (0,1 mg/kg). In intact animals dopamine (50 mkg into the brain ventricles) induces behavioural disorders similar to those in rats during abstinence. Noradrenaline does not induce similar disorders. A conclusion is made on the dopaminergic nature of disorders in the behaviour of rats in the state of alcohol abstinence.     

Problems in the evaluation of hypnosis in the treatment of alcoholism

Although hypnotherapy has been applied to alcoholism for over a century and is accepted by the AMA as a medically valid technique, the effectiveness of hypnosis in treating alcoholics remains controversial. Systematic evaluation has been hampered by the unique role of hypnosis as a cultural artifact, by problems in defining and verifying hypnotic intervention, by individual and situational variation in hypnotizability, and by difficulty in separating hypnosis from the therapies to which it is applied. Clinicians using hypnosis are likely to continue to base their claims for its effectiveness on intuition, especially since no study has demonstrated that hypnotherapy is contraindicated for patients requesting its use.