一测睾丸破裂对另侧睾丸的影响

将近亲繁殖的成熟雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大白鼠随机分成４组，建立单侧睾丸破裂模型，分别于７、１４、２８、１１２天观察对侧睾丸及附睾尾内精子并与对照组比较，发现７、１４天对侧睾丸体积、睾丸组织学观察、附睾尾内精子总数及精子活动率无明显变化；２８天１１％（１／９）的对侧睾丸出现病变、附睾尾内无精子；１１２天４５％（４／９）的对侧睾丸受损、附睾尾内无精子。未发现增高的血清精子凝集抗体。     

经皮附睾精子抽吸术和睾丸精子获取术在无精子症诊断和治疗中的应用

目的 :研究附睾和睾丸精子抽吸术对无精子症患者的诊断和治疗价值。　方法 :应用经皮附睾精子抽吸术(PESA)和睾丸精子获取术 (TESE)两种方法对 385例无精子症患者进行穿刺检查。　结果 :其中 6 4例附睾中存在精子 (1 6 .6 2 %) ;4 5例患者睾丸中存在精子 (1 1 .6 9%) ;对其中 6 4例睾丸或附睾中发现精子的患者采取PESA或TESE取精后行卵细胞胞质内单精子注射 (ICSI)治疗。胚胎移植后妊娠率为 39.0 7%。　结论 :PESA和TESE为部分无精子症患者提供了生育的机会 ,也是针对无精子症的有效的治疗手段。     

异丙苯过氧化氢体内致大鼠睾丸和附睾过氧化的初步研究

目的:建立异丙苯过氧化氢(cHP)体内过氧化模型,探讨cHP体内过氧化对大鼠睾丸组织和附睾精子的影响,及对精子核DNA断裂的影响。方法:90日龄雄性W istar大鼠52只,设cHP 1/10 LD50、1/6 LD50、1/4 LD503个剂量组和对照组,cHP 1/10 LD50、1/6 LD50组和对照组每组大鼠12只,1/4 LD50组大鼠16只。用无菌生理盐水稀释70%cHP水剂配制,按2 m l/kg经腹腔每日1次注射,对照组给同体积生理盐水,观察一般中毒症状和体征。连续1周,最后1次给药24 h后处死动物。分光光度法测定睾丸组织匀浆、附睾头部和尾部精子丙二醛含量,用单细胞凝胶电泳检测睾丸生精上皮细胞、附睾头部和尾部精子核DNA断裂发生率,计数附睾尾部精子活动率,睾丸和附睾常规石蜡切片,苏木精-伊红染色观察病理变化。结果:给予cHP大鼠活动稍差,无死亡,1/6 LD50、1/4 LD50 cHP组体重降低明显(P<0.001)。1/6 LD50、1/4 LD50 cHP组大鼠睾丸和附睾精子丙二醛浓度均明显高于对照组,附睾尾部精子活动率均明显降低,睾丸生精上皮细胞和附睾头部精子核DNA断裂发生率明显高于对照组,附睾尾部精子核DNA断裂的发生率与对照组差异无显著性(P>0.05)。1/10 LD50 cHP组大鼠体重变化、睾丸丙二醛浓度、附睾尾部精子活动率、睾丸生精上皮细胞和附睾精子核DNA断裂与对照组比较,差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:1/6 LD50、1/4 LD50 cHP能在体内使大鼠睾丸和附睾精子发生过氧化,并使细胞核DNA发生断裂,核DNA断裂的主要部位可能在睾丸组织,对附睾尾部精子核DNA断裂无明显影响。     

一侧睾丸破裂对另侧睾丸的影响

将近亲繁殖的成熟雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大白鼠随机分布４组，建立单侧睾丸破裂模型，分别于７、１４，２８、１１２天观察对侧睾丸及附睾尾内精子并与对照组比较，发现７、１４天对侧睾丸体积、睾丸组织学观察、附睾尾内精子总数及精子活动率无明显变化；２８天１１％（１／９）的对侧睾丸出病变，附睾尾内无精子；１１２天４５％（４／９）的对侧睾丸受损，附睾尾内无精子，未发现增高的血清精了凝集抗体。     

睾丸精子行ICSI改善严重畸形精子症患者治疗结局5例报告

目的:探讨利用睾丸精子行卵细胞胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)治疗严重畸形精子症患者(精液或附睾液精子畸形率≥99%)的可行性,改善辅助生殖技术治疗结局。方法:回顾性分析5例严重畸形症精子患者(附睾液精子,n=4;精液精子,n=1)利用不同来源精子行ICSI治疗的临床资料,并比较睾丸精子组与非睾丸精子组(附睾液精子和精液精子)之间受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、妊娠率以及种植率的差异。结果:5例严重畸形精子症患者取精液精子或附睾液精子行ICSI治疗后无1例妊娠,而改用睾丸精子行ICSI治疗后4例成功妊娠。睾丸精子组与非睾丸精子组之间受精率、卵裂率及优质胚胎率均无显著差异(P>0.05),而睾丸精子组妊娠率和种植率均显著高于非睾丸精子组(P<0.01)。结论:对应用附睾精子或精液精子行ICSI治疗失败的严重畸形精子症患者改用睾丸精子治疗可有效改善其治疗结局。     

附睾穿刺和睾丸穿刺活检的护理

近年来,附睾及睾丸取精术结合卵细胞胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)技术在无精子症治疗方面已发挥重要的作用[1].本文就385例患者进行附睾、睾丸穿刺活检的护理体会介绍如下.     

梗阻性无精子症患者附睾精子染色体非整倍体和二倍体率均增高

单精子卵胞浆内注射已用来治疗严重的男性不育患者,对于梗阻性无精子症患者可以用附睾和睾丸的精子。为了评估梗阻性无精子症患者睾丸、附睾中非整倍体和二倍体精子率以及其对单精子注射结果的影响,作者对24例梗阻性无精子男性和24     

附睾和睾丸精子活力对卵胞浆内单精子注射结局的影响

目的比较附睾或睾丸来源及其不同活力精子行卵胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI）的结局。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2008年5月在本生殖中心经皮附睾精子抽吸术（PESA）、睾丸精子抽吸术（TESA）助孕的218例无精子症患者的资料,比较附睾和睾丸及其不同活力精子的正常受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率、种植率和早期流产率。结果附睾精子组与睾丸精子组比较,正常受精率、卵裂率、临床妊娠率、种植率和早期流产率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;优质胚胎率附睾精子组显著高于睾丸精子组（P〈0．05）。附睾活动精子、睾丸活动精子和睾丸不活动精子的正常受精率显著高于附睾不活动精子（P〈0．01）;睾丸活动精子的正常受精率显著高于睾丸不活动精子组（P〈0．05）;以上各组间的优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率、种植率、流产率均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论PESA操作简单且不影响妊娠率,无精子症患者行ICSI治疗时可首选附睾精子;附睾或睾丸不活动精子影响ICSI的受精率,应优先选择活力较好的精子,若无活动精子则选择睾丸不活动精子。     

Dctn1在小鼠睾丸和精子中的定位及在变形过程中的功能初探

目的:探讨动力蛋白激活蛋白1(Dctn1)在小鼠精子变形过程中的作用。方法:通过Western印迹及间接免疫荧光技术分析Dctn1在小鼠睾丸及精子中的表达和定位。分别运用体外GC2-spd细胞系以及在体两种策略筛选出具有最高干扰效率的Dctn1的小干扰RNA(siRNA),进而应用睾丸网微注射技术,将混有示踪剂(0.4%台盼蓝)的Dctn1 siRNA注射至3周ICR小鼠的生精小管内,对照侧的睾丸注射阴性对照siRNA,正常组为不加任何处理的3周ICR小鼠。在注射后第3周取附睾尾部精子进行形态学分析。结果:Dctn1主要定位于精子的尾部。干涉后Dctn1 siRNA组的精子尾部畸形率为(23.57±0.55)%,明显高于对照组[(12.35±2.29)%,P<0.01,n=3],而正常组精子尾部畸形率为(3.37±0.69)%。结论:Dctn1在精子变形中可能发挥重要作用,它主要影响精子尾部的形成。     

反复附睾或睾丸取精的无精子症病人妊娠结局

目的 :分析反复附睾或睾丸取精进行卵胞质内单精子注射治疗的妊娠结局。　方法 :收集 2 0 0 1年 1月～2 0 0 2年 12月进行 2周期以上附睾或睾丸取精进行卵胞质内单精子注射治疗的无精子症病人 31例 (共 4 3个周期 ) ,对取精情况及受精、种植和妊娠结局进行总结。　结果 :2 4例病人顺利从附睾取精 ,7例病人从睾丸取精 ,无 1例出现感染、血肿或局部的功能障碍。与第 1周期附睾或睾丸取精 15 4例 (共 15 4个周期 )的受精率、种植率和临床妊娠率比较 ,结果分别是 78.39%与 73.6 4 % ,19.6 8%与 18.38%和 34.88%与 37.91% ,差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :无精子症病人进行反复附睾或睾丸取精 ,是安全和可耐受的 ,其妊娠结局与第 1周期比较无统计学差异。     

口服丙烯酰胺对雄性大鼠生长发育及生殖机能的影响

目的:研究丙烯酰胺对雄性大鼠的生殖毒性作用。方法:30只21日龄断奶未成熟雄性大鼠随机分为3组,实验组Ⅰ和实验组Ⅱ分别通过自由饮水方式口服5 mg/kg.d和10 mg/kg.d的丙烯酰胺溶液8周,对照组饮用自来水。分两批(第4周和第8周时)对体重、脏器重等指标进行检测,并做睾丸和附睾的组织形态学观察;第8周时,同时检查附睾尾精子密度和精子形态。结果:两实验组大鼠体重增加显著低于对照组(P<0.05),至实验8周时,睾丸、附睾性器官发育已受到影响,实验组Ⅱ大鼠附睾尾部精子密度明显低于对照组(P<0.05),实验组Ⅰ与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。睾丸出现不同程度的病理变化,发生调亡的生精小管周围间质细胞显著增多(P<0.05)。结论:丙烯酰胺会对生精小管产生毒性作用而导致雄性大鼠精子生成减少。     

育精阴对雄性豚鼠免疫性不育的实验研究

目的　研究中药育精阴治疗免疫性不育的作用及其机理。方法　运用主动免疫法造成豚鼠实验性变态反应性睾丸炎 (EAO)模型 ,观察睾丸生精细胞和附睾尾部精子质量的变化。运用不同剂量育精阴灌胃 ,观察育精阴对生精上皮和附睾尾部精子质量的作用。结果　发现实验性变态反应性睾丸炎造成睾丸生精细胞退行性病变 ,附睾精子质量下降。育精阴可减轻和修复实验性变态反应对睾丸附睾的损伤 ,提高附睾精子质量。结论　育精阴对实验性变态反应性睾丸炎造成的免疫损伤有修复作用     

Effects of cyclosporin A on male reproduction in rats

Effects of cyclosporin (Cs) on male reproduction in rats were examined. A dose-dependent decrease of the sperm counts in the cauda epididymis was observed 6 weeks after Cs was administered. A significant decrease of sperm motility was also observed in the each Cs-treated group in any observational period after Cs injection, which suggested an injury to epididymis by Cs. A slight damage of the seminiferous tubules was demonstrated 6 weeks after administration of 40 or 60 mg/kg of Cs. No change in serum levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone was demonstrated throughout the experiment. But serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone were significant high in any observational period except 6 weeks after Cs injection. It was concluded that Cs gave injuries to both spermatogonia and epididymal function in rat.     

Erythropoietin gene transfer into rat testes by in vivo electropo-ration may reduce the risk of germ cell loss caused by cryptorchidism

Aim： To investigate the effects of rat Erythropoietin （Epo） on spermatogenesis by transferring rat Epo gene into cryptorchid testes by means of in vivo electroporation. Methods： Sprague-Dawley rats with surgically-induced unilateral cryptorchidism were divided into three groups： the first group was given intratesticular injections of pCAGGS-Epo （pCAGGS-Epo group）, the second group was given intratesticular injections of pCAGGS （pCAGGS group）, and the third group were given intratesticular injections of phosphate-buffered saline （PBS group）. At the same time, square electric pulses of 30 V were applied six times with a time constant of 100 ms. One or two weeks after injection, each testis was weighed and the ratio of the total number of germ cells to that of Sertoli cells （G/S ratio） was calculated to evaluate the impairment of spermatogenesis. Ten testes taken from each of the three groups were examined at each time point. Results： The testicular weight after the injection of pCAGGS-Epo or pCAGGS control plasmid was （0.85 ± 0.08） g and （0.83 ± 0.03） g, respectively, at week 1 （P = 0.788） and （0.62 ± 0.06） g and （0.52 ± 0.02） g, respectively, at week 2 （P = 0.047）. At week 1, spermatids and sperm were more abundant in testes with pCAGGS-Epo than those in the control testes. At week 2, spermatids and sperm were hardly detected in either group. The G/S ratio was 23.27 ± 6.80 vs. 18.63 ± 5.30 at week 1 （P = 0.0078） and 7.16 ± 3.06 vs. 6.05 ± 1.58 at week 2 （P = 0.1471）, respectively. Conclusion： The transfer of Epo to rat testes by in vivo electroporation may reduce the risk of the germ cell loss caused by cryptorchidism.     

大鼠附睾尾部的精子参数与灌服昆明山海棠乙醇提取物后的改变及其抗生育效果观察

本文报告３７只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ成年大鼠附睾尾部的三项精子参数值及季节等因素对精子参数的影响，并与每日灌服昆明山海棠乙醇提取物ＴＨ５（１１６ｍｇ／ｋｇ）３０天后的２ｌ只大鼠的改变及生育力进行比较。结果表明：对照组大鼠左、右侧附睾尾部的三项精子参数值虽各不相等但无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），与ＴＨ５组停药２０天后剖检的大鼠相比，上述各项精子参数值间有极显著差异（ｐ＜０．０１），且所有服药大鼠完全丧失生育力；对照组于４～６月剖检的大鼠其精子明显低于１～３和９～１２月剖检的大鼠；用于生殖研究的大鼠的体重＞４００ｇ或睾丸容积＞３．５ｍｌ、＜１．０ｍｌ均可对精子质量有不良影响；至于停服ＴＨ５７０天后剖检的大鼠，其精子参数值和生育力与对照组无异。     

Zinc content of maturing spermatozoa in oestrogen treated rats

Zinc content of spermatozoa collected from the caput and cauda portions of the rat epididymis was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed about 60% reduction in the spermatozoal zinc content by the time they reach the cauda epididymis. This reduction was inhibited in rats receiving micro dose oestrogen which incuced 'functional' sterility. It appears that the fall in zinc content of spermatozoa during their transport in the epididymis is related to sperm maturation and that oestrogen treatment interferes with this reduction in sperm zinc content.     

Development of Diabetic-Infertility induced by Streptozotocin in the Male Rat

Diabetes was induced in male rats by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg BW). Rats were sacrificed at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11 and 14 weeks after induction of diabetes. On autopsy the prostate, coagulating glands, seminal vesicles, epididymides and testes were isolated and weighed. Sperm isolated from the epididymis were characterized. The endocrine function of the testes was evaluated by counting number of Leydig cells per testes, testicular and serum testosterone and the testosterone production by the isolated Leydig cells.
The following changes were found; testicular and serum testosterone decreased significantly starting the 2nd week of the diabetes, the atrophy of the accessory glands began shortly after diabetic induction and reached maximal values after 8 weeks, testicular weight began to decrease from the 8th week of the diabetic induction as well as the Leydig cells, the function of the epididymis was depressed as reflected in its weight and sperm quality.
It can be concluded that the axis LH – Leydig cells is much more sensitive than FSH – tubuli to the block of LHRH secretion following streptozotocin induced diabetes.     

The Effects of Lead on the Male Rat Reproductive System/Der Einfluß von Blei auf das Reproduktionssystem der männlichen Ratte

Lead acetate was administered to male rats for 9 weeks in doses of 0.3, 33 or 300 mg/kg daily by gavage. The lowest dose significantly reduced the number of sperm in the cauda epididymis and the highest dose increased the proportion of abnormal sperm in the cauda. There was no significant effect on the number of each type of testicular germ cell. The highest dose of lead reduced the rate of incorporation of lysine into protein significantly in the liver but not in the testes. The highest dose also reduced body weight gain significantly. The surprisingly slight effect of lead on the germinal tissue may be due to a protective effect of the blood-testes barrier.     

Epididymal scanning electron microscopy study in hypothyroid rats

The purpose of this research was to investigate, using scanning electron microscopy, the effect of hypothyroidism on the ultrastructure of the rat cauda epididymis. Thyroidectomy was obtained by ip injection of 270 muCi of 131I per rat. One month later, several portions of cauda epididymis were examined. Morphological and physiological differences were detected in the cauda epididymis of the hypothyroid animals when compared to the control normal rats. The hypothyroid condition was associated with important changes in the luminal surface of the cauda epididymis epithelium. Broken, oblique, and loss of stereocilia, denuded epithelial cells, and flattening of the tubule were observed. The results confirm that hypothyroidism causes marked structural changes in the cauda ductus epididymis and could be adversely affect sperm maturation motility.     

The protective effect of melatonin on sperm quality in rat after radioiodine treatment

This study was designed to investigate the potential radioprotective impact of melatonin on the testicular tissue and sperm quality in rat given radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. Thirty‐six male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups as untreated control (Group 1); oral radioiodine group (RAI, 111 MBq, administrated rats); and RAI+melatonin group (oral radioiodine and intraperitoneal 12 mg/kg/day melatonin, starting 2 days before and continuing for 1 week after oral RAI administration). Twenty‐four hours after the injection of the last melatonin dose, blood samples were taken for hormone analyses and the determination of the total antioxidant capacity. Sperm samples taken from the cauda epididymis were examined for spermatological parameters. Tissue samples taken from the rat testes were stained by TUNEL assay and with haematoxylin–eosin to detect apoptosis and histological alterations. It was demonstrated a significant decrease in epididymal spermatozoa viability and motility in all of the treatment groups, in comparison with the control group (p < .001). A significant decrease was also detected in sperm DNA fragmentation, follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) level and the index of apoptotic germ cells in the RAI+melatonin group when compared to the radioiodine group. It was concluded that melatonin prevents the adverse affects of RAI on apoptosis and spermatozoa quality.