膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的影像学表现

目的 探讨膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎(PVNS)的影像学表现特征.方法 结合文献复习回顾性分析5例经手术(或关节镜)及病理证实的膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的X线平片、CT及MRI等影像学表现.结果 X线平片仅能显示关节囊的肿胀,关节面下的骨侵蚀或骨缺损及其周围硬化;CT可以显示关节囊突向关节腔的软组织结节.MRI对显示关节滑膜增厚和关节积液尤其敏感,滑膜增厚及软组织结节在T1W1呈等低信号,T2W1等信号1例,低信号或稍高信号4例,4例在增厚的滑膜内见多发散在含铁血黄素沉着的长T1、短T2低信号影,增强后结节明显强化.结论 MRI明显优于X线平片及CT,有助于本病的诊断和鉴别诊断.     

色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的影像学诊断

目的:探讨色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎(PVNS)的影像学表现。方法:回顾性分析14例经手术及病理证实的PVNS患者的X线平片、CT、MRI等影像学资料。结果:14例X线检查者均见关节囊肿胀,其中8例骨质受侵蚀,1例可见软组织肿块。8例CT检查均示关节囊肿胀,其中6例可见关节腔积液及周围骨质受侵蚀,2例见软组织肿块影,2例增强扫描者均可见强化的滑膜结节和增厚的滑膜。10例MR检查者弥漫型8例,局限型2例,均可见到关节囊肿胀及数量不等的增生滑膜绒毛结节,其中9例在增生滑膜内可见含铁血黄素沉着,呈长T1、短T2低信号,8例关节腔积液及骨质受侵蚀,3例见软组织肿块,3例增强扫描者示增厚的滑膜和结节明显强化。结论:MRI对色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值,是一种简单、无创、有效的检查手段。     

膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎影像学表现

目的 探讨膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎(PVNS)的病理与影像学表现.方法 对21例膝关节PVNS的影像学表现进行回顾性分析,并与手术病理结果对照.结果 4例X线平片表现为关节间隙增宽,关节边缘骨侵蚀伴硬化;8例CT显示关节囊肿胀、软骨下边缘骨侵蚀伴硬化;14例MR显示关节内脂肪垫受侵,10例半月板及交叉韧带受累,13例软骨或骨受侵.所有病例MRI表现均有滑膜增厚、关节内软组织结节,T1WI呈等或低信号,T2WI呈低或高低混杂信号,以及不同程度关节积液.结论 与CT、X线相比,MRI对膝关节PVNS的显示具有特征性,是诊断PVNS最理想的影像学检查方法.     

色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的MRI表现

目的 探讨色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎(pigmented villonodular synovitis，PVNS)的MRI表现。方法 23例PVNS中膝关节9例，髋关节9例，踝关节3例，肘关节1例，腕关节1例，均经手术和病理证实。23例PVNS均行X线和MR检查，其中4例行CT检查。分析PVNS的影像学表现，着重总结PVNS的MR影像学特点。结果 X线表现：23例均可见关节及软组织肿胀，7例关节内外可出现较致密结节状或分叶状软组织肿块影，19例可见邻近关节骨质侵蚀性小缺损。CT表现：4例中3例可见关节内外结节状或分叶状软组织肿块，增强扫描可见结节样强化，1例CT仅显示关节囊增厚，关节内积液。MRI表现：23例病变部位增生肥厚的滑膜在T1WI上呈中等或中等稍低信号，在T2WI上呈中等稍高信号，其内可见多发散在结节，呈T1WI、T2WI低信号灶；增生肥厚的滑膜在快速梯度回波(FFE)T2WI序列上呈明显结节样低信号。23例病变关节均可见不同程度的关节积液。19例有骨质破坏，表现为凹陷性类圆形骨质缺损，骨缺损区T1、T2WI呈中等信号灶，周围有硬化边，呈T1WI、T2WI低信号。相邻骨髓腔内可见弥漫性反应性水肿灶，呈片状高T2信号。结论 MRI能准确显示PVNS的病变范围和程度，对PVNS有定性诊断价值。     

膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的影像学诊断

目的 探讨膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎(PVNS)的影像学表现。方法 回顾分析9例经手术及病理证实的色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎影像学资料并进行总结。9例膝关节病变均行MR检查，其中3例增强扫描；X线平片检查6例；CT平扫5例。结果 (1)X线表现：6例中关节间隙5例正常，1例增宽；股骨髁破坏1例；胫骨平台破坏4例；共9个病灶，其中7个病灶周围见硬化环。(2)CT表现：5例PVNS均显示关节腔积液；股骨髁合并胫骨平台破坏1例，胫骨平台单发或多发破坏4例，共12个病灶，所有病灶周围均见硬化环。2例合并胭窝内软组织密度肿块。(3)MRI表现：9例中弥漫型7例，局灶型2例。7例弥漫型PVNS均见关节腔积液，其中3例髌上囊积液中见低信号结节，3例前、后交叉韧带表面可见不规则增厚的低信号滑膜覆盖，6例伴有股骨髁或胫骨平台骨质破坏，共15个病灶，其中13个病灶周围绕以低信号硬化环。3例增强扫描显示增厚的滑膜和结节均明显强化。2例局灶型PVNS表现为单发性肿块伴关节腔积液。结论 膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的MRI表现较CT、X线表现具有特征性，能够作出正确诊断。     

膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的MRI表现与病理对照研究

目的：探讨膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎（PVNS）的MRI特征与病理变化的关系。方法通过对11例膝关节PVNS的MRI表现与病理结果进行对照分析,评价膝关节PVNS的MRI影像特点。结果11例中,弥漫型10例,局限型1例;不同程度关节腔积液及关节内脂肪垫受侵7例,半月板及交叉韧带受累4例,软骨或骨受累8例。11例MRI影像均有关节滑膜增厚、滑膜内软组织结节表现,结节于T1WI呈等或低信号,于T2WI呈低信号,1例见滑膜结节内出血,表现为T1WI及T2WI高信号。病理均可见数量不等的增生滑膜绒毛结节,有丰富血管和含铁血黄素沉着。结论PVNS绒毛结节内T1WI呈等或低信号、T2WI呈低信号为其特征性表现,与术中及病理相符,MRI对PVNS的诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要的临床价值。     

颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病的影像诊断

目的：探讨颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病的X线、C T、M RI征象,提高对本病的认识。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的8例颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病的X线、CT、MRI表现,8例患者均行普通X线和CT平扫检查,6例同时行MRI平扫检查,2例加做M RI增强扫描。结果8例均单侧发病,右侧6例、左侧2例。X线示颞下颌关节间隙增宽,关节周围多发结节状钙化影。C T平扫示关节周围软组织密度肿块伴多发钙化游离体。MRI平扫示关节腔内多发结节状长 T1、短T2信号,滑膜增厚并呈等 T1、等及稍长T 2信号,关节腔内积液。M RI增强示滑膜组织明显均匀强化,游离体呈边缘强化。结论颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病有典型的影像学表现,总结其X线、C T、M RI表现可以为临床诊断及治疗提供一定帮助。     

膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎MRI表现

目的:探讨膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎(pigmented villonodular synovitis, PVNS)的MRI表现.方法:分析6例PVNS患者行MRI检查并经病理证实病例的MRI资料.结果:6例均为弥漫型PVNS,表现为不规则滑膜增厚及关节软骨的破坏,2例表现为关节腔积液,5例表现为关节滑膜呈不规则结节状增生,2例增强后病灶呈线状网格状强化,4例表现为骨质侵蚀破坏改变,1例表现为关节外侵犯.结论:MRI能准确反映PVNS中滑膜的绒毛结节状增生、增生滑膜及其对关节软骨的破坏以及增生滑膜对软骨下骨质及软骨下远部骨质侵蚀的不同时期绒毛结节的影像学特征,并可以准确评价病变对关节内外累及的范围,是诊断PVNS最佳检查方法.     

色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的影像表现

目的:探讨色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎(pigmented villonodular synovitis,PVNS)在各关节的影像表现。方法:对经手术及病理证实的10例PVNS患者进行回顾性分析。结果:弥漫型9例,均为单侧单一关节发病。各关节均可见弥漫增厚的滑膜,其MRI信号各异:在T1WI上等信号4例,低信号4例,稍高信号1例;在T2WI上高信号3例,高低混杂信号6例;发现软骨或骨质受侵3例,病灶周围骨髓水肿2例,髌下脂肪垫受累1例。局灶型1例,表现为右侧肩关节内单个结节,呈长T1长T2信号,伴关节积液。结论:PVNS具有特征性的影像表现;MRI能清楚显示病变特征及范围,CT和DR对骨质侵犯的显示具有独特的优势。     

膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎MRI分析

目的 探讨膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析35例经手术病理证实的PVNS的MRI表现.结果 所有膝关节内均存在滑膜增生及增生的滑膜结节,33例为弥漫型PVNS,2例为局限型PVNS,早期8例,中晚期27例,早期PVNS以滑膜增生、绒毛结节形成及关节腔积液为主要表现,无明显低信号含铁血黄素沉积;中晚期PVNS典型表现为长T1略长T2增生滑膜及滑膜结节及T2 WI低信号含铁血黄素结节,并可伴有骨性关节炎MRI表现.增生滑膜结节主要分布髌下深囊及交叉韧带旁.结论 膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎具有较特征性MRI表现,MRI能准确反映关节内外受侵组织结构受侵犯的范围和程度,是诊断PVNS的理想检查方法.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）